猜一猜(Guess)Windows 8和Windows 8.1用户：当您使用Microsoft的(Microsoft)最新操作系统(operating system)时，您不需要安装病毒防护(virus protection)……天哪(Oh god)，我们听起来像那些Mac精英，不是吗？好吧，我们之所以这么说，是因为对病毒编码人员的过度自信，对相对较小的市场份额(market share)缺乏兴趣。我们这样说是因为Windows 8和Windows 8.1内置了足以保护其免受大多数恶意软件威胁的防病毒软件。您在Windows 8(Windows 8)中看到的Windows Defender和Windows 8.1不是您在Windows 7中看到的基本恶意软件扫描(malware scanner)程序。它是具有实时保护功能的全功能病毒扫描程序。(virus scanner)继续阅读，我们将向您展示如何使用它。
如何启动 Windows Defender
打开“开始”屏幕并键入“defender”。搜索超级(Search charm)按钮将打开以接收您的输入。在结果窗口中单击(Click)或点击“Windows Defender”以启动应用程序。
在Windows 8.1中，该过程的工作方式相同。唯一的区别是结果以不同的方式显示。
您会立即注意到，新的Windows Defender看起来很像您过去可能看到的Microsoft Security Essentials 。那是因为新的Windows Defender是Microsoft Security Essentials的新版本。只是微软(Microsoft)更喜欢使用不同的产品名称(product name)。
如何查看您的安全状态
Windows Defender的主页(Home)选项卡使您的计算机当前状态非常明显。如果一切顺利，您会看到一个被舒缓的绿色环绕的大复选标记。(check mark surround)
如果有任何问题——您的定义已过期、实时保护被禁用或检测到病毒——您将看到不那么舒缓的颜色。如果您看到红色，则表示您的计算机存在风险，需要立即采取行动。如果Windows Defender已禁用或检测到病毒，您将看到此信息。
如果您看到橙色警报(orange alert)，则表示您的计算机存在潜在风险。您会看到过时的病毒定义或长时间未运行扫描。
如何使用Windows Defender手动扫描(Manually Scan)您的 PC
您会在Windows Defender的“(Windows Defender)主页”(Home)选项卡上注意到的另一件事是启动手动病毒扫描的快速方法。只需(Just)选择您的扫描类型，然后单击(type and click)“立即扫描”。("Scan Now.")
你有三个选择：
- 快速(Quick)- 快速扫描计算机最易受攻击的区域。
- 完整(Full)- 对所有计算机驱动器进行更慢更彻底的扫描。
- 自定义(Custom)- 仅扫描您指定的位置。
如果您选择自定义，则必须选择要扫描的位置。
如果您的意图是简单地开始快速扫描，您实际上不必先打开程序来执行此操作。在Windows 8中，只需在“开始”屏幕中键入“病毒(Start)扫描” ，单击或点击("Virus scan")“设置”("Settings")，然后单击或点击“扫描恶意软件和其他可能不需要的软件”。("Scan for malware and other potentially unwanted software.")
在Windows 8.1中，过程类似，您需要按设置(Settings)过滤才能看到搜索结果。
如何手动更新 Windows Defender(Manually Update Windows Defender)
(Windows Defender)只要新定义文件通过Windows Update可用， (Windows Update)Windows Defender就会自动下载它们。但是，如果更新失败并且您受到刺眼的红色主页(Home)选项卡的攻击，请选择更新(Update)选项卡并单击或点击“更新”。("Update.")
Windows Defender将检查是否有可用的更新。如果有，它会为您下载并安装它。您可以随时单击或点击“取消更新”("Cancel update")以停止该过程。
如何查看Windows Defender捕获(View Viruses Caught)的病毒
如果Windows Defender遇到任何恶意软件 - 无论是在扫描期间还是通过实时保护 - 它将被隔离，直到您选择如何处理它。要查看防病毒软件发现的任何文件，请选择“历史记录”(History)选项卡。您可以通过三个选项查看文件：
- 隔离项目(Quarantined items)- 已包含但未删除的可疑恶意软件。
- 允许的项目(Allowed items)- 怀疑是恶意软件的项目，但您仍然允许运行这些项目。
- 所有检测到的项目- (All detected items)Windows Defender发现的所有可疑恶意软件。
选择要查看的类别，您将看到适用的警报。如果您想从隔离区中恢复、删除或允许它，请选择一个恶意软件。只需单击或点击窗口底部的按钮即可应用您选择的操作。
如何配置Windows Defender的设置
转到“设置”(Settings)选项卡以更改防病毒软件的工作方式。
从窗口左侧的设置栏中选择“实时保护”以打开或关闭它。("Real-time Protection")我们强烈建议您始终保持此状态，除非您正在运行其他防病毒应用程序(antivirus application)。实时保护是您抵御恶意软件的最佳方式，因为它会扫描和监控所有活动以发现潜在的有害行为。一旦您的计算机已经被感染，病毒(Virus)扫描就会很有帮助，实时保护首先可以防止感染。
如果实时保护遇到任何问题，您将收到一条通知，提醒您存在恶意软件。
Defender会自动将潜在的恶意软件移动到隔离区，您可以在其中选择如何处理它。
如何从病毒(Virus)扫描中(Scans)排除文件(Exclude Files)、扩展名和进程(Extensions and Processes)
虽然Windows Defender 占用(Windows Defender)资源较少，但它仍然会在扫描期间显着降低您的性能。为了减轻这种影响，您可以从病毒扫描中排除某些文件、文件类型或进程。如果您知道某些东西是安全的（例如您的音乐收藏(music collection)），将其从扫描中排除将导致扫描更快地完成，从而释放您的资源以供使用。不过要小心这一点，它会使您的扫描速度更快，但也会降低您的计算机安全性。
从Windows Defender的(Windows Defender)“设置”(Settings)选项卡中选择“排除的文件和位置”、“排除的文件类型”("Excluded files and locations," "Excluded file types")或“排除的进程”("Excluded Processes")。单击或点击“浏览”("Browse")并找到要从扫描中排除的项目。单击(Click)或点击确定(OK)将它们添加到窗口的顶部框，然后单击(window and click)或点击添加(Add)将它们移动到底部框(bottom box)。底部框中(bottom box)的所有项目都将从所有病毒扫描中排除。
如何更改Windows Defender的高级(Advanced)设置
Windows Defender设置的高级部分有一些可用于提高系统安全性的调整：
- 扫描存档文件(Scan archive files)- 这会强制Windows Defender扫描所有压缩存档文件的内容，包括ZIP、RAR 和 CAB 文件(RAR and CAB files)。
- 扫描可移动驱动器(Scan removable drives)- 如果您希望Windows Defender在完整扫描期间扫描任何可移动驱动器，例如外部硬盘驱动器或闪存驱动器，请选择此选项。
- 创建系统还原点(Create a system restore point)- 此选项在您选择删除、运行或隔离潜在恶意软件的任何时候Windows Defender都会创建一个新的还原点。(restore point)这意味着即使您搞砸了系统并使用软管，您也可以恢复。
- 允许所有用户查看完整的历史记录结果(Allow all users to view the full History results)-您计算机上的任何用户都可以打开防御者，但默认情况下只有管理员可以查看历史记录选项卡(History tab)。选中此选项以更改它。
- 之后删除隔离文件(Remove quarantined files after)- 使用此选项设置删除隔离项目的时间段(time period)。确保您设置的时间足够长，以便您注意到您需要的东西是否丢失。
如何更改您的 MAPS 会员设置(Your MAPS Membership Settings)
Microsoft Active Protection Service（称为MAPS）是您系统上的一项服务，可以向Microsoft发送有关在您的系统上检测到的任何恶意软件的信息。发送此信息可以帮助Microsoft更好地跟踪和处理(track and deal)恶意软件，但将数据发送给Microsoft的想法让许多用户感到不安。
从“设置”(Settings)选项卡中选择“MAPS”以选择要发送给Microsoft的有关恶意软件攻击的数据量（如果有）：
- 我不想加入 MAPS(I don't want to join MAPS) - 选择此选项以选择退出MAPS并将您的恶意软件数据保密。
- 基本成员资格(Basic membership)- 选择此选项以仅向Microsoft发送基本信息，包括您获得恶意软件的位置以及您是否允许、隔离或删除它。
- 高级成员(Advanced Membership)- 选择此选项可将有关检测到的恶意软件的详细信息发送给Microsoft。其他信息(Additional information)包括恶意软件在您计算机上的存储位置、恶意软件组件的各个文件名以及有关恶意软件如何影响您的系统的报告。
如何打开或关闭Windows Defender
虽然Windows Defender是一个非常有效的防病毒应用程序(antivirus application)，但它并不是唯一的选择。如果您从零售商处购买计算机，它可能会试用安装了另一种防病毒软件，并且Windows Defender将被禁用。或者，它可能已启用，但您想将其关闭以自己安装其他东西。无论您的情况如何，您都可以使用“设置”(Settings)选项卡轻松打开或关闭Windows Defender 。
选择管理员，然后单击或点击(Administrator)“打开 Windows Defender”("Turn on Windows Defender.")旁边的复选框。选择它以打开它，取消选择它以将其关闭。
在Windows 8.1中，相同的复选框已重命名为打开此应用程序(Turn on this app)。它的工作方式与Windows 8相同。
计划扫描呢？
等一下。我们已经覆盖了Windows Defender(Windows Defender)用户界面的每一寸，我们还没有看到任何关于安排扫描的信息！虽然显而易见的假设是Windows Defender不支持这个基本的基本功能，但这是不正确的。您只需要使用任务计划程序(Task Scheduler)来配置重复病毒扫描(virus scan)。虽然这并不是很难做到，但它的重要性足以保证它自己的文章。查看它以了解如何在Windows 8中安排(Windows 8)病毒扫描(virus scan)：如何使用Windows 8的内置防病毒软件安排(Antivirus)病毒扫描(Virus Scan)。此过程也适用于Windows 8.1。
结论
这就是关于Windows Defender的所有信息。您会注意到这是一个简单的恶意软件保护解决方案，它非常非侵入性，以至于您几乎不会注意到它的存在。当您第一次获得新的Windows 8(Windows 8)或Windows 8 .1 设备时，请花点时间进行设置，除非它找到任何东西，否则您无需再次打开它。它提供与Microsoft Security Essentials(Microsoft Security Essentials)相同级别的保护，因此您可以放心地进行计算。
您(Are)是否习惯使用Windows Defender中的烘焙工具？如果不是，您更喜欢哪种防病毒解决方案？我们很想知道您的意见。
How to Use Windows Defender in Windows 8 & Windows 8.1
Guess what Windows 8 & Windows 8.1 users: whеn you're using Microsoft's newest operating system you don't need to install virus рrotection... Oh god, we sound like thоse Mac elitists, don't we? Well, we aren't sayіng this due to an ovеr-cоnfidence in νirus coders lack of interest in a comparatively small market share. We're saying this because Windows 8 & Windows 8.1 have a baked in antivіrus that is sufficient to protеct it аgainst most malware thrеats. The Windows Defender you see in Windows 8 & Windows 8.1 isn't the basic malware scanner you saw in Windows 7. It is a full featured virus scanner with real-time protection. Read on and we'll show you how to use it.
How to Launch Windows Defender
Open the Start screen and type "defender." The Search charm will open to recieve your input. Click or tap "Windows Defender" from the results window to launch the application.
In Windows 8.1, the process works the same. The only difference is that the results are displayed in a different manner.
You'll notice right away that the new Windows Defender looks a lot like the Microsoft Security Essentials you may have seen in the past. That would be because the new Windows Defender is a new version of Microsoft Security Essentials. It's just that Microsoft has prefered to use a different product name.
How to View your Security Status
The Home tab of Windows Defender makes your computers current status very obvious. If all is well you'll see a big check mark surround by soothing green.
If anything is wrong - your definitions are out of date, real-time protection is disabled or a virus has been detected - you'll be seeing less soothing colors. If you see red, it means your computer is at risk and requires immediate action. You'll see this if Windows Defender is disabled or a virus has been detected.
If you see an orange alert, that means your computer is potentially at risk. You'll see that for outdated virus definitions or if you haven't run a scan in a long time.
How to Manually Scan your PC Using Windows Defender
Another thing you'll notice on the Home tab of Windows Defender is a quick way to start a manual virus scan. Just select your scan type and click "Scan Now."
You have three choices:
- Quick - A fast scan of your computer's most vulnerable areas.
- Full - A slower more thorough scan of all of your computer's drives.
- Custom - A scan of only the locations you specify.
If you choose custom you'll have to select which locations to scan.
If your intent is to simply start a quick scan, you don't actually have to open the program first to do it. In Windows 8, simply type "Virus scan" into the Start screen, click or tap "Settings" and click or tap "Scan for malware and other potentially unwanted software."
In Windows 8.1, the process is similar and you need to filter by Settings in order to see the search results.
How to Manually Update Windows Defender
Windows Defender should automatically download new definition files whenever they become available through Windows Update. However, if an update fails and you're assaulted with the jarring red Home tab, select the Update tab and click or tap "Update."
Windows Defender will check to see if there's an available update. If one's out there, it'll download and install it for you. You can click or tap "Cancel update" at any time to stop the process.
How to View Viruses Caught by Windows Defender
If Windows Defender has come across any malware - either during a scan or through real-time protection - it will be quarantined until you choose what to do with it. To view any files spotted by the antivirus, select the History tab. You have three options for files to look at:
- Quarantined items - Suspected malware that has been contained, but not deleted.
- Allowed items - Items suspected of being malware, but that you've allowed to run anyway.
- All detected items - All suspected malware found by Windows Defender.
Select a category to view and you'll be shown the applicable alerts. Select a piece of malware if you want to restore it from quarantine, delete it or allow it. Simple click or tap the button on the bottom of the window to apply your chosen action.
How to Configure Windows Defender's Settings
Head over to the Settings tab to change the way your antivirus works.
Select "Real-time Protection" from the settings bar on the left side of the window to toggle it on or off. We strongly recommend that you leave this on at all times unless you're running a different antivirus application. Real-time protection is your best defense against malware as it scans and monitors all activity for potentially harmful behavior. Virus scans are helpful once your computer is already infected, real-time protection prevents infection in the first place.
If real-time protection comes across anything, you'll get a notification alerting you to the presence of malware.
Defender will automatically move the potential malware to quarantine where you can choose what to do with it.
How to Exclude Files, Extensions and Processes from Virus Scans
While Windows Defender is light on resources, it still makes a noticeable dent in your performance during scans. To lessen this effect, you can exclude certain files, file types or processes from your virus scans. If you know something is safe - your music collection for example - excluding it from a scan will cause the scan to finish much faster freeing up your resources for use. Be careful with this though, it'll make your scans faster, but it will also make your computer less secure.
Select "Excluded files and locations," "Excluded file types" or "Excluded Processes" from the Settings tab of Windows Defender. Click or tap "Browse" and locate the items you want to exclude from scans. Click or tap OK to add them to the top box of the window and click or tap Add to move them to the bottom box. All items in the bottom boxes will be excluded from all virus scans.
How to Change Windows Defender's Advanced Settings
The advanced section of the Windows Defender settings has a few tweaks you can use to increase security on your system:
- Scan archive files - This forces Windows Defender to scan the contents of all compressed archive files including ZIP, RAR and CAB files.
- Scan removable drives - Select this option if you want Windows Defender to scan any removable drive, such as external hard drives or flash drives, during complete scans.
- Create a system restore point - This option creates a new restore point any time Windows Defender you choose to delete, run or quarantine a potential piece of malware. This means that even if you screw up and hose your system, you can recover.
- Allow all users to view the full History results - Any user on your computer can open defender, but only Admins can view the History tab by default. Check this option to change that.
- Remove quarantined files after - Use this option to set a time period for deleting quarantined items. Make sure that you set the time long enough that you'll notice if something you need is missing.
How to Change Your MAPS Membership Settings
The Microsoft Active Protection Service - known as MAPS - is a service on your system that can send information to Microsoft about any malware detected on your system. Sending this info can help Microsoft to better track and deal with malware, but the idea of sending data out to Microsoft is nerve wracking to many users.
Select "MAPS" from the Settings tab to choose how much - if any - data you want to send to Microsoft about your malware hits:
- I don't want to join MAPS - Select this option to opt out of MAPS and keep your malware data private.
- Basic membership - Select this option to send only basic information to Microsoft including where you got the malware and whether you allowed it, quarantined it or deleted it.
- Advanced Membership - Select this option to send detailed information about your detected malware to Microsoft. Additional information includes where the malware was stored on your computer, individual file names of the malware components and reports on how the malware affected your system.
How to Turn Windows Defender On or Off
While Windows Defender is a very effective antivirus application, it isn't the only option. If you buy a computer from a retailer, it will likely have a trial of another antivirus installed and Windows Defender will be disabled. Alternatively, it may be enabled, but you want to turn it off to install something else yourself. Whatever your situation, you can easily turn Windows Defender on or off using the Settings tab.
Select Administrator and click or tap the checkbox next to "Turn on Windows Defender." Select it to turn it on, deselect it to turn it off.
In Windows 8.1, the same checkbox has been renamed to Turn on this app. The way it works is the same as in Windows 8.
What About Scheduling Scans?
Wait a minute. We've covered every inch of the Windows Defender user interface and we've seen nothing about scheduling a scan! While the obvious assumption is that Windows Defender doesn't support this basic essential feature, that isn't correct. You just have to use the Task Scheduler to configure repeating virus scans. While it isn't terribly hard to do, it's important enough to warrant its own article. Check it out to learn how to schedule a virus scan in Windows 8: How to Schedule a Virus Scan with Windows 8's Built-In Antivirus. This procedure applies also to Windows 8.1.
Conclusion
That's about all there is to know about Windows Defender. You'll notice that it's a simple solution to malware protection that is so non-intrusive that you'll hardly ever notice it's there. Take the time to set it up when you first get your new Windows 8 or Windows 8.1 device and you won't need to open it again unless it finds something. It provides the same level of protection as Microsoft Security Essentials, so you can compute with confidence.
Are you comfortable using the baked in Windows Defender? If not, what antivirus solutions do you prefer? We're curious to know your opinions.
