当您使用 PC 时，您必须特别注意在计算机内部存储之外的某个地方创建文档和照片的额外副本。(create extra copies of your documents and photos)这使您免受因突然硬件故障、系统崩溃和恶意软件攻击而导致的潜在数据丢失。
但是除了本地备份(local backups)之外，最好还是在线上传您的文件。这不仅为火灾和盗窃等意外事件提供了额外的保护，而且您可以访问任何具有活动互联网连接的设备上的数据。
Google Drive和OneDrive是两种流行的云存储服务，可以帮助您将文件备份到云端。下面的说明应该可以帮助您了解如何设置每项服务以保护您计算机上的数据。
自动将文件备份(Backup Files)到Google Drive
Google Drive允许您使用其适用于Windows的(Windows)Backup and Sync客户端备份和同步 PC 上的文件。为避免混淆，以下是“备份(Backup)”和“同步(Sync)”元素的工作方式：
- 备份：(Backup:)持续将文件夹备份到Google Drive中的(Google Drive)计算机(Computers)部分。您无法将它们同步到其他设备。
- 同步：(Sync:)在您的计算机上创建一个特殊目录，并将文件和文件夹与Google Drive中的(Google Drive)My Drive部分同步。您还可以将它们与其他桌面设备同步。
如果您有Google 帐户(Google Account)，则可以立即在您的计算机上安装和使用“备份(Backup)与同步”。(Sync)如果没有，您必须创建一个 Google 帐户(create a Google Account)。您将获得 15GB 的免费存储空间。付费计划(Paid plans)包括每月 1.99 美元的 100GB、每月 2.99 美元的 200GB 和每月 9.99 美元的 2TB。
1.从Google下载(Google)备份和同步安装程序(Backup and Sync installer)。然后，在您的 PC 上运行它以安装备份(Backup)和同步(Sync)客户端。
出现“欢迎使用备份和同步(Welcome to Backup and Sync)”屏幕后，选择“开始(Get Started)使用”并插入您的Google 帐户(Google Account)凭据以登录“备份(Backup)和同步(Sync)” 。
2. 出现的“我的笔记本电脑(My Laptop)”或“我的电脑”(My Computer)屏幕允许您指定要备份到Google Drive的 文件夹。
默认情况下，备份(Backup)和同步(Sync)会在您的 PC 上显示三个文件夹——桌面(Desktop)、文档(Documents)和图片(Pictures)。您可以通过选择选择文件夹来选择其他文件夹(Choose Folder)。
如果您选择图片(Pictures)文件夹，则必须选择您的照片上传首选项——高质量(High quality )或原始质量(Original quality)。前者将照片和视频分别压缩为 16MP 和 1080p 分辨率，而后者则以全质量上传。
如果您想将照片和视频分别备份到Google 照片，请选中将(Google Photos)照片和视频上传到 Google 照片(Upload photos and videos to Google Photos)旁边的框。
注意：(Note:)在2021年6 月 1(June 1st)日之前，以压缩质量上传的照片和视频上传不计入您的Google 云端硬盘(Google Drive)存储配额。
3. 选择下一步(Next)继续。
4. 选择同步我的驱动器(Sync everything in My Drive )中的所有内容选项将所有文件和文件夹从谷歌驱动器的我的驱动器(My Drive)部分同步到本地存储。或者，选择仅同步这些文件夹(Sync only these folders )以仅同步选定文件夹。
5. 选择开始(Start)以完成备份(Backup)和同步(Sync)客户端的设置。
您选择备份到Google Drive的文件夹应立即开始上传。在您的网络浏览器中转到Google Drive ，然后选择“(Google Drive)计算机(Computers )”选项卡以按设备访问每个文件夹的在线副本。
此外，您应该在文件资源管理器(File Explorer)的边栏中找到标有Google Drive的位置。它应该包含您已选择在本地同步的“我的云端硬盘”中的文件和文件夹。(My Drive)您复制或在其中创建的文件夹将上传到Google Drive网络应用程序中的“我的云端硬盘(My Drive)” ，以及您使用“备份(Backup)与同步(Sync)”设置的其他设备。
如果您想稍后更改备份(Backup)和同步(Sync)客户端在您的 PC 上的运行方式，请选择系统托盘上的“从 Google 备份和同步(Backup and Sync from Google)”图标，然后转到“设置”(Settings ) > “首选项”(Preferences)。
如何使用 OneDrive 备份文件
OneDrive 预装了Windows。如果您已使用 Microsoft 帐户登录您的 PC(signed into your PC with a Microsoft Account)，您应该可以开始使用它了。
除了在线同步文件外，OneDrive还允许您将最重要的目录（桌面、文档(Documents)和图片）备份到(Pictures—to)云端。但这里有几点需要注意：
- 如果您选择备份，OneDrive 会将Desktop、Documents和 Pictures 文件夹移动到其同步目录。(Documents)
- 与Google Drive不同，Microsoft 的云存储服务不提供备份 PC 上其他文件夹的选项。您可以使用符号链接解决此限制（更多内容见下文）。
OneDrive提供 5GB 的免费存储空间。付费存储计划(Paid storage plans)包括每月 1.99 美元的 100GB 和每月 6.99 美元的 1TB。后一个选项还可以让您获得Office 365订阅。
1. 选择系统托盘上的OneDrive图标，然后转到帮助和设置(Help & Settings)>设置(Settings)。
2. 切换到备份(Backup )选项卡并选择管理备份(Manage backup)。
3. 选择您要备份的文件夹——桌面(Desktop)、文档(Documents)和图片(Pictures)。
4. 选择开始备份(Start backup)。
5. 再次选择确定(OK)以保存您的更改。
如果要将 PC 上的其他文件夹备份/同步到OneDrive，则必须使用符号链接(symbolic links)。
符号链接由指向另一个位置的目录的文件夹快捷方式组成。在OneDrive(OneDrive)中创建符号链接会提示云存储服务同步目标目录中的文件。
要在OneDrive(OneDrive)中创建符号链接，请打开提升的命令提示符(Command Prompt)控制台（在“开始”菜单中键入(Start )cmd并选择“以管理员身份运行”(Run as administrator)）。然后，根据需要修改其中的两个文件路径后，输入并执行以下命令：
mklink /J “C:\Users\username\OneDrive\Music” “C:\Users\username\Music”
注意：(Note:)第一个路径指示命令提示符控制台在(Command Prompt)OneDrive目录中创建一个快捷方式文件夹（名为Music） 。第二个路径包含符号链接应指向的目录（在此示例中，指向Windows 10中的(Windows 10)Music文件夹）。您也可以在 Mac 上创建符号链接(create symlinks on Mac too)。
符号链接不是完美的解决方案。如果 OneDrive 在同步它们时遇到问题，您唯一的选择是将目标文件夹移动到中央OneDrive同步位置本身。您可以在文件资源管理器(File Explorer)侧边栏中找到它。
Google Drive与OneDrive：任您选择(Pick)
Google Drive超越了OneDrive，它能够从您计算机上的任何位置上传文件夹。它在备份和同步数据之间划出了一条清晰的界线，这使其成为一个非常通用的云存储解决方案。
但是，如果您只喜欢保护 PC 上最重要的目录，那么您不应该回避OneDrive。它也是Windows原生的，从技术角度来看是最佳选择。
How to Automatically Backup Files to Google Drive or OneDrive to Prevent Data Loss
When you use a PC, you must make it a point to create extra copies of your documents and photos somewhere outside your computer’s internal storage. That insulates you from potential data losses caused by sudden hardware failures, system crashes, and malware attacks.
But local backups aside, it’s also best to upload your files online. Not only does that offer additional protection against unexpected events such as fires and theft, but you get to access the data on any device with an active internet connection.
Google Drive and OneDrive are two popular cloud storage services that can help you backup files to the cloud. The instructions below should help you figure out how to set up each service to safeguard the data on your computer.
Automatically Backup Files to Google Drive
Google Drive allows you to back up and sync files on your PC with its Backup and Sync client for Windows. To avoid any confusion, here’s how the “Backup” and “Sync” elements work:
- Backup: Continuously backs up folders to the Computers section in Google Drive. You can’t sync them to other devices.
- Sync: Creates a special directory on your computer and syncs files and folders to and from the My Drive section in Google Drive. You can also sync them with other desktop devices.
If you have a Google Account, you can immediately install and use Backup and Sync on your computer. If not, you must create a Google Account. You get 15GB of free storage to start with. Paid plans include 100GB for $1.99/month, 200GB for $2.99/month, and 2TB for $9.99/month.
1. Download the Backup and Sync installer from Google. Then, run it on your PC to install the Backup and Sync client.
Once the Welcome to Backup and Sync screen shows up, select Get Started and insert your Google Account credentials to sign into Backup and Sync.
2. The My Laptop or My Computer screen that shows up allows you to specify the folders you want to backup to Google Drive.
By default, Backup and Sync displays three folders on your PC—Desktop, Documents, and Pictures. You can pick additional folders by selecting Choose Folder.
If you pick the Pictures folder, you must select your photo upload preferences—High quality or Original quality. The former compresses photos and videos to the 16MP and 1080p resolutions, respectively, while the latter uploads them at full quality.
If you want to back up your photos and videos separately to Google Photos, check the box next to Upload photos and videos to Google Photos.
Note: Photo and video uploads uploaded in compressed quality don’t count toward your Google Drive storage quota until June 1st, 2021.
3. Select Next to proceed.
4. Pick the Sync everything in My Drive option to sync all files and folders from Google Drive’s My Drive section to local storage. Or, select Sync only these folders to sync select folders only.
5. Select Start to finish setting up the Backup and Sync client.
Folders that you’ve chosen to back up to Google Drive should start uploading immediately. Head over to Google Drive in your web browser and select the Computers tab to access the online copies of each folder by device.
Additionally, you should find a location labeled Google Drive within the sidebar in File Explorer. It should contain files and folders from My Drive that you’ve opted to sync locally. Folders that you copy to or create inside it will upload to My Drive in the Google Drive web app, as well as to other devices that you’ve set up using Backup and Sync.
If you want to change how the Backup and Sync client functions on your PC later on, select the Backup and Sync from Google icon on the system tray and go to Settings > Preferences.
How to Back Up Files Using OneDrive
OneDrive comes pre-installed with Windows. Provided that you’ve signed into your PC with a Microsoft Account, you should be ready to start using it.
In addition to syncing your files online, OneDrive also allows you to back up your most important directories—Desktop, Documents, and Pictures—to the cloud. But here are a couple of things to be aware of:
- OneDrive moves the Desktop, Documents, and Pictures folders to its sync directory should you choose to back them up.
- Unlike Google Drive, Microsoft’s cloud storage service doesn’t feature the option to back up additional folders on your PC. You can get around this limitation with symlinks (more on that below).
OneDrive provides 5GB of free storage. Paid storage plans include 100GB at $1.99/month and 1TB at $6.99/month. The latter option also nets you an Office 365 subscription.
1. Select the OneDrive icon on the system tray and go to Help & Settings > Settings.
2. Switch to the Backup tab and select Manage backup.
3. Pick the folders you want to back up—Desktop, Documents, and Pictures.
4. Select Start backup.
5. Select OK again to save your changes.
If you want to back up/sync other folders on your PC to OneDrive, you must use symbolic links.
A symlink consists of a folder shortcut that points to a directory in another location. Creating a symlink in OneDrive prompts the cloud storage service to sync the files within the target directory.
To create a symlink in OneDrive, open an elevated Command Prompt console (type cmd into the Start menu and select Run as administrator). Then, enter and execute the following command after modifying the two file paths within it as needed:
mklink /J “C:\Users\username\OneDrive\Music” “C:\Users\username\Music”
Note: The first path instructs the Command Prompt console to create a shortcut folder (named Music) within the OneDrive directory. The second path contains the directory that the symlink should point at (in this example, to the Music folder in Windows 10). You can also create symlinks on Mac too.
Symlinks aren’t a perfect solution. If OneDrive runs into trouble syncing them, your only alternative is to move the target folders to the central OneDrive sync location itself. You can find this within the File Explorer sidebar.
Google Drive vs. OneDrive: Make Your Pick
Google Drive edges out OneDrive with its ability to upload folders from any location on your computer. It draws a clear line between backing up and syncing data, and that makes it a very versatile cloud storage solution.
But if you only prefer protecting the most important directories on your PC, then you shouldn’t shy away from OneDrive. It’s also native to Windows and the superior choice from a technical standpoint.
