如果您一直在使用Windows 10或 11 中的(Windows 10)设备管理器(Device Manager)，您可能已经注意到一个名为Microsoft Device Association Root Enumerator的设备。
这个名字很神秘，而且这个驱动似乎只从Windows 10开始出现，它可能是一些特定的性能问题背后的原因。如果您想了解Microsoft Device Association Root Enumerator，请准备好稍微冗长的答案。
Microsoft 设备关联根枚举器有什么(Microsoft Device Association Root Enumerator Do)作用？
在计算机科学中，枚举器是一个列出事物并为其赋值的程序。这允许其他程序快速查找并找到列出的任何枚举数。
在Windows 10和 11 中，设备关联枚举(Device Association Enumerator)器是一种软件设备（虚拟硬件组件），它为“root”软件（对Windows具有 root 访问权限的软件）分配一个值。当驱动程序尝试在您的计算机上安装软件时，它会自动执行此操作。
如果枚举器被禁用，您可能不会注意到计算机运行方式的任何差异。但是，某些设备可能不再工作或无法按预期工作。
串行端口（如果您的计算机有）将不再工作。TWAIN设备（例如，某些扫描仪）将无法工作，需要TWAIN才能实现特定功能的软件也无法工作。MIDI（乐器数字接口(Musical Instrument Digital Interface)）设备也可能停止工作。
MIDI仍然被音乐家广泛使用，因此如果您使用MIDI键盘或其他MIDI设备，您可能希望不使用枚举器。
为什么禁用设备关联根枚举器(Device Association Root Enumerator)？
如果Windows按预期工作，则没有理由禁用枚举器。但是，如果您遇到冻结、卡顿或其他间歇性性能异常，则值得禁用设备关联根枚举器 - 至少作为故障排除测试。
某些视频游戏（例如Tekken 7或Sekiro ）在某些计算机上会出现微卡顿问题。(micro-stutter problems)禁用枚举器有时可以解决这些问题。
视频游戏中的微卡顿是最难修复的一些性能故障，但它们几乎总是与驱动程序相关。大多数人不会考虑查看诸如Root Enumerator之类的(Root Enumerator)软件设备驱动程序(Software Device Driver)。然而，一些勇敢的游戏论坛成员似乎通过反复试验发现了这种联系。
如何禁用Microsoft 设备关联根枚举器驱动程序(Microsoft Device Association Root Enumerator Driver)？
禁用枚举器的最简单方法是从Device Manager。
- 您可以从控制面板(Control Panel)打开设备(Device)管理器或在开始菜单(Start Menu)中搜索。
- 打开设备管理器(Device Manager)后，展开软件(Software) 设备(Devices)类别。
- 右键单击(Right-click)驱动程序并选择禁用(Disable)。
您可能需要重新启动计算机以确保更改生效。要反转此过程，请再次右键单击设备条目并选择Enable。
Microsoft 设备关联根枚举器 Driver.exe(Microsoft Device Association Root Enumerator Driver.exe)作为潜在恶意软件(Potential Malware)
“恶意软件”包括范围广泛的恶意软件类型。一些恶意软件试图通过将其可执行文件的名称更改为合法名称来隐藏。这可能很难发现，但如果您打开Windows 任务管理器(Windows Task Manager)并看到一个具有此名称的进程，这并不能立即表明存在问题。但是，如果任何进程行为异常，无缘无故占用大量资源，或者以其他方式使计算机在运行时出现故障，那么它就有可能是恶意软件。
这里唯一的解决方案是使用一个好的防病毒包运行扫描，病毒作者不会仅仅将他们的恶意软件的名称更改为其他名称就可以欺骗它。
Microsoft RRAS 根枚举器(Microsoft RRAS Root Enumerator)和游戏性能(Gaming Performance)
您可能已经在设备(Device)管理器的软件(Software) 设备(Devices)类别中发现了另一个枚举器——Microsoft RRAS Root Enumerator。此枚举器有助于旧硬件正常工作，但现代系统上的 PC 游戏玩家声称已发现此枚举器导致的性能问题。
从游戏中的微卡顿到较低的FPS数，禁用RRAS 根枚举(RRAS Root Enumerator)器有时可以让您的游戏运行得更好。
如果您在游戏中遇到微卡顿或FPS下降，尽管有适当的规格可以流畅地玩游戏，请尝试禁用RRAS Root Enumerator，至少作为故障排除步骤。执行此操作时，某些旧设备将停止工作，但它们可能首先是问题的根源。
如果禁用此枚举器有助于您的游戏性能，请断开所有旧设备，重新启用枚举器，然后一次添加一个，直到性能问题再次出现。然后，将来，只需在播放之前拔下该硬件即可。
Umbus根总线枚举器(Umbus Root Bus Enumerator)怎么样？
Umbus Root Bus Enumerator(Umbus Root Bus Enumerator)枚举“用户模式”总线上的设备。“用户模式”驱动程序的想法始于Windows Vista。这个想法是，并非所有设备都需要对操作系统或CPU进行内核级访问。例如，打印机等USB设备不需要高级访问权限。
这就是Umbus或用户模式总线(User-Mode Bus)管理系统发挥作用的地方。当您插入这些设备并安装它们的驱动程序时，它会处理这些设备。如果您删除此枚举器，您将禁用依赖它的设备和应用程序。
枚举器故障(Enumerator Troubleshooting)排除的危险(Dangers)
Windows中的各种枚举器在确保正确识别所有硬件并为其分配标识方面发挥着重要作用。您可能会看到故障排除建议，告诉您禁用这些枚举器之一以解决问题，例如打印机无法工作。
虽然这似乎可以解决问题，但您可能正在为设备准备好进一步解决问题。通常最好安装最新的驱动程序或执行Windows更新，这通常可以解决与驱动程序相关的问题。在某些情况下，如果新驱动程序未正确安装，您可能还需要从计算机中清除旧驱动程序文件，但请务必使用硬件制造商认可的官方驱动程序删除方法。
What Is the Microsoft Device Association Root Enumerator?
If you’ve been rooting around Device Manager іn Windows 10 or 11, you may have noticed a devicе called the Microsoft Device Αssocіation Root Enumerator.
The name is quite mysterious, and this driver only seems to be present from Windows 10 onwards, and it might be behind a few specific performance issues. If you want to know the Microsoft Device Association Root Enumerator, be prepared for a slightly long-winded answer.
What Does Microsoft Device Association Root Enumerator Do?
In computer science, an enumerator is a program that lists things and assigns them a value. This allows other programs to quickly look up and find whatever the enumerator listed.
In Windows 10 and 11, the Device Association Enumerator is a software device (a virtual hardware component) that assigns a value to “rooted” software (software that has root access to Windows). It does this automatically when a driver tries to install software on your computer.
If the enumerator is disabled, you may not notice any difference in how your computer runs. However, some devices may no longer work or don’t work as intended.
Serial ports (if your computer has any) won’t work anymore. TWAIN devices (e.g., some scanners) won’t work, nor will software that requires TWAIN for specific functions. MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) devices may also stop working.
MIDI is still widely used by musicians, so if you’re using a MIDI keyboard or other MIDI devices, you probably want to leave the enumerator alone.
Why Disable the Device Association Root Enumerator?
If Windows works as expected, there’s no reason to disable the enumerator. However, it’s worth disabling the device association root enumerator if you’re experiencing freezes, stutters, or other intermittent performance oddities—at least as a troubleshooting test.
Some video games, such as Tekken 7 or Sekiro, experience micro-stutter problems on some computers. Disabling the enumerator can sometimes clear up these problems.
Micro-stutters in video games are some of the hardest performance glitches to fix, but they are almost always driver-related. Most people wouldn’t think to look at a Software Device Driver such as the Root Enumerator. Yet, some intrepid gaming forum members have discovered this connection seemingly through trial and error.
How to Disable the Microsoft Device Association Root Enumerator Driver?
The easiest way to disable the enumerator is from Device Manager.
- You can open Device manager from the Control Panel or search for it in the Start Menu.
- Once you have Device Manager open, expand the Software Devices category.
- Right-click the driver and select Disable.
You may want to restart your computer to ensure the change has taken effect. To reverse this process, right-click on the device entry again and select Enable.
Microsoft Device Association Root Enumerator Driver.exe As Potential Malware
“Malware” includes a wide range of malicious software types. Some malware tries to hide in plain sight by changing the name of its executable to something legitimate. This can be hard to spot, but if you open the Windows Task Manager and see a process with this name, it’s not immediately indicative of a problem. However, if any process behaves strangely, hogs a lot of resources for no reason, or otherwise makes the computer glitchy while running, there’s a chance it could be malware.
The only solution here is to run a scan using a good antivirus package, which won’t be fooled by a virus author simply changing the name of their malware to something else.
The Microsoft RRAS Root Enumerator and Gaming Performance
You might have spotted another enumerator in the Software Devices category in Device manager—the Microsoft RRAS Root Enumerator. This enumerator helps legacy hardware work properly, but PC gamers on modern systems claim to have found performance issues caused by this enumerator.
From micro-stutters in games to lower FPS numbers, disabling the RRAS Root Enumerator sometimes can make your games run better.
If you’re experiencing micro-stutter or FPS drops in your games, despite having the proper specifications to play things smoothly, try disabling the RRAS Root Enumerator, at least as a troubleshooting step. Some legacy devices will stop working when you do this, but they may have been the source of the problem in the first place.
If disabling this enumerator helps your game performance, disconnect all legacy devices, re-enable the enumerator, and add them back one at a time until the performance issues return. Then, in the future, just unplug that hardware before playing.
What About the Umbus Root Bus Enumerator?
The Umbus Root Bus Enumerator enumerates devices on “user mode” buses. The idea of a “user mode” driver started with Windows Vista. The idea was that not all devices needed kernel-level access to the operating system or the CPU. For example, USB devices such as printers don’t need high-level access.
That’s where the Umbus or User-Mode Bus management system comes into play. It handles these devices as you plug them in and install their drivers. If you remove this enumerator, you’ll disable devices and apps that rely on it.
The Dangers of Enumerator Troubleshooting
The various enumerators in Windows do an important job ensuring that all of your hardware is recognized correctly and assigned an identity. You may see troubleshooting advice that tells you to disable one of these enumerators to solve a problem, such as a printer that won’t work.
While this may appear to resolve the issue, you may be priming your device for problems further down the line. It’s usually better to install the latest driver or perform a Windows update, which will usually resolve driver-related issues. You may also want to clean old driver files from your computer in some cases if a new driver doesn’t install correctly, but be sure to use an official driver removal method endorsed by the hardware manufacturer.
