当您决定备份Mac时，选择正确的备份方式很重要。虽然使用 Time Machine(using Time Machine)是一个不错的选择，但有时考虑所有选项会有所帮助。
例如，如果您要更换 MacBook 的硬盘驱动器，请考虑创建硬盘驱动器的磁盘映像并将其存储在外部驱动器上。您可以使用Disk Utility来完成。
创建Mac(Mac)的备份将允许您制作当前硬盘驱动器的精确副本，并在安装新驱动器时恢复所有信息。拥有启动磁盘的备份副本还可以消除在执行系统更新时丢失数据的风险。
准备备份您的 Mac (Prepare to Backup Your Mac )
在开始备份Mac之前，您需要记住一些事项。
- 磁盘工具(Disk Utility)是免费的，并且包含在 macOS 中。您可以在Applications > Utilities中找到它。
- 在开始Mac备份之前，请确保您已准备好内部或外部硬盘驱动器。它需要足够大以存储您当前启动磁盘上的数据，并且它没有您想要保留的任何内容。备份过程将擦除接收驱动器。
- 目标驱动器也需要正确格式化。特别是如果您使用外部硬盘驱动器或外部 SSD(an external SSD)来备份数据，因为它们中的大多数都没有针对Mac(Macs)进行预格式化。
- 在开始该过程之前检查目标驱动器是否存在错误。
- 最后，整个过程将需要半小时到几个小时，具体取决于您要备份的数据。因此，请确保您的计算机已插入电源，并且在接下来的几个小时内您不需要使用它。
使用磁盘工具验证目标驱动器(Verify the Destination Drive Using Disk Utility)
如果您的目标驱动器有任何错误，则可能会导致备份出现问题，并且您将无法获得启动驱动器的可靠副本。
我们建议您在开始备份过程之前使用磁盘工具来验证目标驱动器。(Disk Utility)为此，请按照下列步骤操作：
- 打开磁盘实用程序(Disk Utility)。
- 从设备列表中，选择目标驱动器。
- 点击应用顶部的急救。(First Aid)然后选择运行( Run)。
这将启动验证过程，该过程不应超过几分钟。
如果“磁盘工具(Disk Utility)”显示验证错误，您需要先修复磁盘，然后再继续。为此，请再次单击“磁盘工具”中的“(Disk Utility)急救(First Aid)”按钮来修复磁盘。如果您最后收到确认消息，您就可以开始了。
相反，如果修复磁盘后仍然列出错误，则需要重复整个过程，直到磁盘完全修复并收到“磁盘工具(Disk Utility)”确认消息。
启动 Mac 备份过程(Start The Mac Backup Process)
现在您的目标驱动器已准备就绪，您可以开始克隆过程并创建启动磁盘的副本。为此，请按照下列步骤操作：
- 在“磁盘工具(Disk Utility)”中，选择您的启动磁盘。
- 从“磁盘工具”菜单中，从“驱动器名称”中选择“文件(File)” > “新图像(New Image)”>“图像”。
如果创建图像的选项显示为灰色怎么办 (What to Do if The Option to Create an Image is Greyed Out )
有时，从当前磁盘创建映像的选项会显示为灰色。发生这种情况是因为某些 macOS 版本具有相当复杂的文件系统安排。磁盘工具(Disk Utility)有时只会显示卷而不是所有可用设备。
为了解决这个问题，在磁盘工具中打开View菜单并选择Show All Devices。然后您将看到不同的文件结构。要创建内部磁盘的映像，您需要在“内部”下选择它，然后重复过程FIle > New Image>来自“磁盘名称”的 映像。(Image)
- 在开始备份之前，您可以更改其名称。如果您仅将该磁盘用于备份目的，我们建议您选择Mac Backup之类的东西来帮助您在将来记住它。
- 选择您的目标驱动器。
- 对于一般用途，请选择默认选项：在Format(Format)下选择“compressed”，在Encryption下选择“none” 。
- 单击保存(Save)。这将启动备份。
磁盘工具需要一些时间来创建(Disk Utility)Mac的备份，具体取决于启动磁盘上的数据量。完成后，磁盘工具(Disk Utility)会通知您。然后，您将拥有硬盘驱动器的完整副本，以后可以使用它来恢复数据。
使用引导管理器检查您的副本(Use Boot Manager To Check Your Copy)
您可以采取的一项额外预防措施是检查备份以查看它是否可以用作启动磁盘。Mac备份完成后，您需要重新启动计算机并查看它是否可以从备份副本启动(boot from the backup copy)。您可以使用 Mac 的Boot Manager来完成。
- 关闭所有应用程序。
- 单击 Apple 菜单并选择Restart。
- 当屏幕变黑时，按住Option键直到屏幕变灰并看到可启动硬盘驱动器的图标。
- 选择您刚刚创建的备份副本。
您的Mac现在将从您刚刚制作的备份启动。要返回启动磁盘，您需要再次重新启动计算机。
如果您不想丢失数据，备份Mac应该成为您的习惯。如果您不记得上次复制文件是什么时候，可以肯定地说是时候再做一次了。
有许多不同的方法可以备份您的 iOS 和 macOS 设备(backup your iOS and macOS devices)。您可以选择最适合您需求的一种，甚至更好——对不同类型的数据使用不同的方法。除了Disk Utility之外，尝试使用 iCloud 来备份您的照片，并使用Time Machine来创建较大文件的副本。
Using Disk Utility to Backup Your Mac
When you decіde to back up your Mac, it’s important to choose the right way tо do it. While using Time Machine is a great option, sometimes it helps to consider all your options.
For example, if you’re looking to replace your MacBook’s hard drive, consider creating a disk image of your hard drive and storing it on an external drive. You can do it by using Disk Utility.
Creating a backup of your Mac will allow you to make an exact copy of your current hard drive and restore all of the information when you get a new drive installed. Having a backup copy of your startup disk also removes the risk of losing your data while performing system updates.
Prepare to Backup Your Mac
Before you begin backing up your Mac, there are a few things you need to keep in mind.
- Disk Utility is free and included with macOS. You can find it in Applications > Utilities.
- Before you start the Mac backup, make sure you have an internal or external hard drive ready. It needs to be large enough to store the data you have on your current startup disk and that it doesn’t have anything you want to keep on it. The backup process will erase the receiving drive.
- The destination drive also needs to be properly formatted. Especially if you’re using an external hard drive or an external SSD to back up your data, as most of them don’t come pre-formatted for Macs.
- Check the destination drive for errors before you begin the process.
- Finally, the whole process will take anything between half an hour and several hours, depending on the data you’re backing up. So make sure your computer is plugged in and you won’t need to use it in the next couple of hours.
Verify the Destination Drive Using Disk Utility
If your destination drive has any errors, it might cause issues with your backup, and you won’t have a reliable copy of your startup drive.
We recommend using Disk Utility to verify the destination drive before you start the backup process. To do that, follow these steps:
- Open Disk Utility.
- From the device list, select the destination drive.
- Click First Aid at the top of the app. Then choose Run.
This will start the verification process which shouldn’t take longer than a few minutes.
If Disk Utility shows verification errors, you’ll need to repair the disk before moving on. To do that, click the First Aid button in Disk Utility again to repair the disk. If you get a confirmation message in the end, you’re good to go.
On the contrary, if there are still errors listed after you’ve repaired the disk, you’ll need to repeat the whole process until the disk is fully repaired and you get the Disk Utility confirmation message.
Start The Mac Backup Process
Now that your destination drive is ready, you may begin the cloning process and create a copy of your startup disk. To do that, follow these steps:
- In Disk Utility, select your startup disk.
- From the Disk Utility menu, choose File > New Image > Image from “name of your drive”.
What to Do if The Option to Create an Image is Greyed Out
Sometimes the option to create an image from the current disk will be greyed out. That happens because some macOS versions have a rather complex file system arrangements. Disk Utility will sometimes only show you volumes and not all available devices.
In order to fix that, open the View menu in Disk Utility and choose Show All Devices. You will then see a different file structure. To create an image of your internal disk, you’ll need to choose it under “Internal” and then repeat the process FIle > New Image > Image from “name of your disk”.
- Before starting the backup, you can change its name. If you’re only using that disk for backup purposes, we recommend choosing something like Mac Backup to help you remember it in the future.
- Select your destination drive.
- For general use, choose the default options: “compressed” under Format and “none” under Encryption.
- Click Save. This will start the backup.
Disk Utility will require some time to create the backup of your Mac depending on the amount of data you have on your startup disk. Once it’s finished, Disk Utility will notify you. Then you’ll have a complete copy of your hard drive which you can use to restore your data later on.
Use Boot Manager To Check Your Copy
One extra precaution that you can take is checking your backup to see if it works as your startup disk. After your Mac backup is complete, you’ll need to restart your computer and see if it can boot from the backup copy. You can do it using the Mac’s Boot Manager.
- Shut down all applications.
- Click on the Apple menu and choose Restart.
- When your screen turns black, hold down the Option key until your screen turns gray and you see icons of bootable hard drives.
- Choose the backup copy you just created.
Your Mac will now boot from the backup you just made. To return to your startup disk, you’ll need to restart your computer once again.
If you don’t want to lose your data, taking a backup of your Mac should become a habit for you. If you can’t remember when was the last time you’ve made a copy of your files, it’s safe to say it’s time to do it again.
There are many different ways to backup your iOS and macOS devices. You can choose the one that suits your needs best, or even better – use different methods for different types of data. Aside from Disk Utility, try using iCloud for backing up your photos, and Time Machine for creating copies of larger files.
