使用扫描仪存档旧照片可能是一种有益的体验。您将旧快照带入数字时代，并有机会修复它们。Photoshop和 The Gimp等图像编辑软件可以提供很多功能，包括裁剪、拉直、增强图像的色彩饱和度和亮度等。在本文中，我们将讨论使用The Gimp中的(Gimp)修复选择(Heal Selection)工具来消除轻微（有时是主要）缺陷，例如划痕、扫描仪床上的灰尘斑点和其他瑕疵。
注意：您也可以在 Windows 中使用此工具，但您需要先安装GIMP Resynthesizer 插件(GIMP Resynthesizer plugin)。 (Note: You can also use this tool in Windows, but you’ll need to first install the GIMP Resynthesizer plugin. )
您需要的第一件事是要处理的图像。对于我们的示例，我们将使用一本绝对不是原始状态的书的封面图片。很明显是读过的，封面往后弯了很多，导致封面图片剥落了一条线，找不到更好的词了。这是我们正在尝试修复的区域的特写。
有很多方法可以尝试修复这些瑕疵，例如涂抹工具，或者复制一些与瑕疵相匹配的颜色，然后将其粘贴到坏点上。为了快速但粗略的修复，我们还可以简单地将匹配的颜色粘贴到缺陷中。然而，如前所述，我们将使用The Gimp中的修复(Gimp)选择(Heal Selection)工具来修复封面（至少尽可能多）。
Gimp以前默认安装在Ubuntu中(Ubuntu)，但现在不再安装，所以我们需要安装它。您可以通过键入sudo apt-get install gimp gimp-plugin-registry来执行此操作，它不仅会安装 The Gimp，还会安装大量插件，其中Heal Selection工具就是其中之一。
完全安装后，继续打开 The Gimp。我们使用的是Ubuntu，因此我们将通过Dash打开它，但您可以在Windows中使用 The (Windows)Gimp并通过Start Menu启动它。
您也可以右键单击图像，然后在Open With菜单下选择GNU Image Manipulation Program（或称为GIMP） 。
加载图像后，放大图像，直到其中一个缺陷很容易看到。现在使用三个选择工具中的任何一个来选择它。
对于那些不熟悉 The Gimp的人，最左边的工具——矩形选择工具——(Rectangle Select Tool –)选择一个矩形；中间一个是椭圆选择工具(Ellipse Select Tool)（用于圆形和其他椭圆区域）；最右边的工具是一个自由选择工具(Select Tool)，它可以让您勾勒出更精确的区域。我们将使用它。选择您的区域后，它应该看起来像这样。
使用修复选区(Heal Selection)工具时，您应该选择小区域，因为周围的像素最有可能与选区相似，这有助于使结果看起来至少有点接近原始像素。一旦你选择了你的区域，只需进入过滤器(Filter)菜单，然后进入增强(Enhance)子菜单，最后选择修复选择(Heal Selection)工具。
应该会出现一个像这样的窗口，其中包含工具选项。
使用修复选择(Heal Selection)工具时有三个选项。首先(First)是工具应该从中选择的选择周围的像素数。该工具的作用是获取周围的像素，并尝试融入您选择的区域以匹配其周围环境。如果您的选择周围的区域相当静态，您可以将数字保留为默认值（50 像素），但如果您需要小心不要让工具匹配完全不同的区域，您可以缩小它的像素数考虑到。
您拥有的第二个选项是该工具是从整个周围区域（上方和下方）还是从侧面采样像素。
最后，第三个选项是如何填充所选区域。还有三个选项。该工具可以随机放置像素，也可以从外部开始填充选定区域并进入，或者相反，从内部开始并向外移动。
完成选项后，单击“确定(OK)”按钮。该工具应该考虑一下（取决于您正在处理的选定区域有多大）。
完成后，希望该区域有所改善。在这里，我们做了一些更正。
下面，您会发现我们已经合成了两个比刚刚修改的区域稍大的图像（“之前”和“之后”），以展示明智地使用“修复选择(Heal Selection)”工具可以完成的工作。如您所见，修复选择(Heal Selection)工具非常适合删除文本和徽标（只要它们周围有足够的空间让该工具了解文本或徽标“下方”的内容）。
差不多就是这样。当然，这不是一个可以解决所有问题的工具。它无法猜测可能缺少哪些字母（如果页面的一角被撕掉），并且所选区域越复杂，结果看起来与原始内容接近的可能性就越小。然而，对于背景、不太复杂的选择，甚至是去除皮肤上的瑕疵，修复选择(Heal Selection)工具是一个不错的熟悉工具。享受！
Erase Scratches in Photos with the GIMP’s Heal Selection Tool
Using a scanner to archive old photographs can be a rewarding experience. You bring your old snapshotѕ into the digital age and have the chance to fix them up as well. Image editing software such as Photoshop and The Gimp have a lot tо offer, including cropping, straightening, enhancing an images’ color ѕaturation and brightness, and more. In this article, we’ll talk about using the Heal Selection tool in The Gimp to get rid of minor (and sometimes major) imperfections, such as scratches, spots from dust on the scanner bed, and other blemishes.
Note: You can also use this tool in Windows, but you’ll need to first install the GIMP Resynthesizer plugin.
The first thing you’ll need is an image to work on. For our examples, we’ll use a cover image from a book that was definitely not in pristine condition. It had obviously been read, and the front cover bent back quite a bit, which resulted in a line where the cover image had flaked off, for lack of a better term. Here is a closeup of an area we’re trying to fix.
There are a number of ways we could attempt to fix these blemishes, such as the smudge tool, or by copying a bit of color that matches the blemish, and pasting it over the bad spots. We could also, for a fast but crude fix, simply paste a matching color into the imperfections. As mentioned, however, we’ll be using the Heal Selection tool in The Gimp to fix the cover (at least as much as possible).
The Gimp used to be installed by default in Ubuntu, but it isn’t any longer, so we’ll need to install it. You can do so by typing sudo apt-get install gimp gimp-plugin-registry which installs not only The Gimp, but a large variety of plugins, of which the Heal Selection tool is one of.
Once fully installed, go ahead and open The Gimp. We’re using Ubuntu, so we’ll open it via the Dash, but you can use The Gimp in Windows and launch it via the Start Menu.
You could also right-click the image, then choose GNU Image Manipulation Program (or it may be called GIMP) under the Open With menu.
Once the image has loaded, zoom into the image until one of the imperfections is readily visible. Now select it using any of the three selection tools.
For those unfamiliar with The Gimp, the far left tool – the Rectangle Select Tool – selects a rectangular shape; the middle one is the Ellipse Select Tool (for circles and other elliptical regions); the far right tool is a Free Select Tool which lets you outline more precise regions. We’ll be using this. When your region is selected, it should look something like this.
When using the Heal Selection tool, you should select small areas as the surrounding pixels are most likely to be similar to the selection, which helps in a result that looks at least somewhat close to the original. Once you’ve selected your area, simply go to the Filter menu, then to the Enhance submenu, and finally select the Heal Selection tool.
A window like this should appear, with the tool options.
There are three options when using the Heal Selection tool. First is the number of pixels surrounding your selection the tool should choose from. What the tool does is take in the surrounding pixels, and attempt to blend in the area you’ve selected to match its surroundings. If the area around your selection is fairly static, you can leave the number at its default (of 50 pixels), but if you need to be careful not to have the tool match a wildly different area, you can shrink the number of pixels it takes into account.
The second option you have is whether the tool samples pixels from the entire surrounding area, just above and below, or from the sides.
Finally, the third option is how the selected area should be filled. There are again three options. The tool can randomly place pixels, or can fill the selected area starting from the outside and going in, or conversely, start from the inside and move out.
Once you’re finished with the options, click the OK button. The tool should think for a bit (depending on how large a selected area you’re working on).
When you’re finished, hopefully the area has improved. Here we’ve made a few corrections.
Below, you’ll find that we’ve composited two images of a slightly larger area than was just modified(“before” and “after”) to show what can be accomplished with judicious use of the Heal Selection tool. As you can see, the Heal Selection tool is quite good for removing text and logos (as long as there is enough room around them for the tool to get some idea of what would have otherwise been “under” the text or logo).
And that’s pretty much it. This isn’t a tool that will fix every problem of course. It can’t guess what letters might be missing (should a corner of a page be torn off), and the more complicated the selected area, the less likely the result will look anything close to the original. However, for backgrounds, less complicated selections, and even for getting rid of blemishes on skin, the Heal Selection tool is a nice one to be familiar with. Enjoy!
