与Windows不同，OS X有一个很棒的内置工具，可以将整个操作系统备份到备份驱动器。Windows有一个创建系统映像(create a system image)的选项，但它是Windows 7的遗留物，使用起来并不容易，尤其是当您必须进行完全还原时。
备份和恢复 Windows 系统(backup and restore a Windows system)的最佳方法是使用第三方克隆实用程序。幸运的是，在Mac上，您可以简单地使用Time Machine，享受自动备份和轻松恢复的便利。
此外，除了恢复整个操作系统之外，您还可以使用它来恢复单个文件和文件夹，这非常方便。
将 Mac 备份到时间机器
最好将您的Mac备份到内部或外部完全独立的硬盘驱动器。您可以使用USB、FireWire或Thunderbolt连接驱动器。此外，您可以使用支持Apple 文件协议(Apple File Protocol)的网络驱动器。基本上(Basically)，如果您可以在OS X中看到该磁盘，则可以将其用作Time Machine备份。
首先，转到系统偏好设置(System Preferences)并选择时间机器。(Time Machine.)
单击Select Backup Disk，然后为Mac OS Time Machine备份选择驱动器或分区。
选择要用于备份的驱动器后，单击Use Disk。您还可以通过选中旁边的框根据您的偏好加密备份，但备份需要更长的时间。
如果您选中了自动(Back Up Automatically)备份，它应该会在几分钟后自动开始执行备份。
您也可以在菜单栏中选中 Show Time Machine(Show Time Machine in menu bar)，然后返回Mac屏幕顶部的通知栏并选择Time Machine图标（带有逆时针箭头的时钟标志），然后选择Back Up Now。
最后，您可以单击Time Machine屏幕上的(Time Machine)选项(Options)按钮并排除您不想备份的任何文件或文件夹。
就是这样。根据您拥有的数据量，备份将需要一些时间才能完成。对我来说，将大约 400GB 的数据备份到外部USB驱动器大约需要 10 个小时。所以要做好等待的准备。幸运的是，在后台进行备份时，您可以正常使用计算机。
在以后的文章中，我将介绍如何使用Time Machine恢复单个文件和文件夹，以及如何在系统范围内发生故障时恢复整个Mac 。享受！
Backup Your Mac using Time Machine
Unlike Windows, OS X has a great built-in tool for backing up your entire operating system to a backup drive. Windows has an option to create a system image, but it’s a relic of Windows 7 and it’s not terribly easy to use, especially when you have to do a full restore.
The best way to backup and restore a Windows system is to use a third-party cloning utility. Luckily, on a Mac, you can simply use Time Machine and enjoy the convenience of automated backups and easy restores.
Also, you can use it to restore individual files and folders in addition to restoring your entire operating system, which is very convenient.
Backup Mac to Time Machine
It’s best to backup your Mac to a completely separate hard drive either internally or externally. You can connect a drive using USB, FireWire, or Thunderbolt. In addition, you can use a network drive as long as it supports Apple File Protocol. Basically, if you can see the disk in OS X, you can use it as a Time Machine backup.
To start, go to System Preferences and select Time Machine.
Click on Select Backup Disk, and then choose the drive or partition for your Mac OS Time Machine backup.
When you have selected the drive you want to use for the backups, click on Use Disk. You can also encrypt your backup based on your preferences by checking the box next to it, but the backup will take longer.
If you have Back Up Automatically checked, it should start performing a backup automatically after a couple of minutes.
You can also check the Show Time Machine in menu bar, then go back to the notification bar at the top of the Mac screen and select the Time Machine icon (clock logo with counterclockwise arrow), and select Back Up Now.
Finally, you can click the Options button on the Time Machine screen and exclude any files or folders that you do not want to backup.
That’s about it. Depending on how much data you have, the backup will take time to complete. For me, backing up about 400GB of data to an external USB drive took about 10 hours. So be prepared to wait. Luckily, you can carry as using your computer as normal while the backup is taking place in the background.
In a future post, I’ll write about how to restore individual files and folders using Time Machine and how to restore your entire Mac in case of a system-wide failure. Enjoy!
