任务管理器是一款功能强大的Windows 11实用程序，可提供有关 PC 上的软件和硬件的详细实时信息。在对应用程序进行故障排除、监控硬件资源使用情况和管理启动程序时，它也是必不可少的。

在这份深入的指南和概述中，您将了解您需要了解的有关Windows 11中的^{(Windows 11)}任务管理器^{(Task Manager)}的所有信息，包括有效使用它的方法。

打开 Windows 11 任务管理器

在Windows 11中，您可以像任何其他程序一样启动任务管理器，方法是选择^{(Task Manager)}开始^(Start)>所有应用程序^{(All Apps)}> Windows 工具^{(Windows Tools )}>任务管理器^{(Task Manager)}。但是，调用它最方便的方法是通过高级用户^{(Power User)}菜单（右键单击开始^(Start)按钮并选择任务管理器^{(Task Manager)}）。 

如果您更喜欢键盘快捷键，按Ctrl + Shift + Esc将快速调出任务管理器^{(Task Manager)}。如果操作系统出现卡住，您仍然可以通过按Ctrl + Alt + Delete（打开 Windows 11 的安全屏幕^{(Security Screen)}）然后选择Task Manager来访问它。

默认任务管理器

默认情况下，Windows 11 任务管理器^{(Task Manager)}显示为完整用户界面的精简版。它很小，没有菜单选项，只显示计算机上的活动应用程序列表。

您可以选择列表中的任何应用程序并通过选择“结束任务^{(End task)}”按钮将其强制关闭。这是退出无响应程序的最快方法。

右键单击列表中的任何应用程序还会显示多个上下文选项，如下所示：

• 切换到：^{(Switch to:)}立即使应用程序成为焦点。
• 结束任务：^{(End task: )}强制关闭应用程序。这与选择结束任务^{(End task)}按钮相同。
• 提供反馈：^{(Provide feedback: )}向 Microsoft 提供反馈。
• 创建转储文件^{(Create dump file)}：生成程序的转储 (.DMP) 文件，支持工程师经常要求该文件用于故障排除。您也可以自己分析转储文件^{(analyze dump files yourself)}。
• 运行新任务：^{(Run new task:)}在 Windows 中启动具有或不具有提升权限^{(elevated privileges in Windows)}的新程序、文件夹或文档。
• 始终在顶部：^{(Always on top:)}将任务管理器^{(Task Manager)}放在其他应用程序的顶部。此选项也适用于扩展视图，可帮助您实时跟踪资源使用情况。
• 转到详细信息^{(Go to details)}：在展开视图的详细信息^(Details)选项卡中自动选择与程序相关的可执行文件。
• 打开文件位置：在^{(Open file location: )}文件资源管理器^{(File Explorer)}窗口中打开程序的主要可执行文件的目录。
• 在线搜索：使用^{(Search online: )}Bing执行在线搜索。如果您不认识某个程序，请使用此选项了解有关它的更多信息。
• 属性：^{(Properties: )}调出程序可执行文件的属性^(Properties)对话框。然后，您可以检查或修改其常规、兼容性和安全设置，并查看其他详细信息，例如版本、发布者等。

扩展的任务管理器

选择左下角的更多详细信息按钮以展开任务管理器的用户界面。^{(More details)}您可以随时选择“更少详细信息^{(Fewer details)}”以返回精简版本。

扩展的任务管理器^{(Task Manager)}由多个选项卡组成——进程^{(Processes )}（默认）、性能^{(Performance)}、应用历史^{(App History)}、启动^(Startup)、用户^(Users)、详细信息^(Details)和服务^(Services)。您可以通过选择菜单栏上的选项^(Options)>设置默认选项卡^{(Set default tab)}来更改打开任务管理器时显示的默认选项卡。^{(Task Manager)}

任务管理器 - 选项卡概述^{(Task Manager – Tab Overview)}

您将在下面更详细地浏览每个选项卡，但这里有一个简要概述：

• 进程：^(Processes:)提供计算机上所有活动、后台和Windows进程的概要，包括每个进程的性能统计信息。
• 性能：提供对^{(Performance: )}CPU（中央处理器）^{(CPU (central processing unit))}、内存、存储驱动器、网络适配器和显卡的实时监控。
• 应用历史：^{(App History:)}显示Microsoft Store应用（默认视图）和传统程序（可选）的资源使用历史。
• 启动：^(Startup:)列出启动时启动的程序以及对 PC 的相关性能影响。
• 用户：^{(Users: )}显示每个用户在您的计算机上的进程和资源使用情况。
• 详细信息：^{(Details: )}以传统格式提供进程和相关可执行文件的完整列表。
• 服务：^(Services:)具有本机和第三方服务，以及启动、停止和重新启动它们的选项。

任务管理器 - 菜单选项^{(Task Manager – Menu Options)}

在展开的视图中，您会发现任务^{(Task Manager—)}管理器顶部的菜单选项列表——文件^(File)、选项^(Options)和视图^(View)。

• 文件^{(File )}>运行新任务^{( Run new task)}：打开具有或不具有管理权限的程序、文件夹或文档。
• 文件^(File)>退出^{( Exit)}：退出任务管理器。
• 选项^(Options)>始终在顶部^{(Always on top)}：将任务管理器^{(Task Manager)}保持在其他窗口的顶部。
• 选项^{(Options )}>最小化使用^{(Minimize on use)}：在应用程序或进程上使用切换到^{(Switch to)}右键单击选项时隐藏任务管理器。^{(Task Manager)}
• 选项^(Options)>最小化时^{(Hide when minimized)}隐藏：在系统托盘中隐藏任务管理器，同时将其最小化。^{(Task Manager)}
• 选项^(Options)>设置默认选项卡^{(Set default tab)}：更改每次打开任务管理器^{(Task Manager)}时看到的默认选项卡。 
• 选项^(Options)>显示完整帐户名称：在^{(Show full account name)}用户^(Users)选项卡下显示每个用户的完整帐户名称（个人资料和电子邮件 ID） 。
• 选项^(Options)>显示所有进程^{(Show history for all processes)}的历史记录：在“应用历史记录”选项卡下显示^{(App History)}Microsoft Store应用和非应用商店应用的历史记录。
• 查看^(View)>立即刷新：立即刷新^{(Refresh now)}任务管理器^{(Task Manager)}中的所有选项卡。
• 查看^(View)>更新速度^{(Update speed)}：确定任务管理器的刷新速度 -高^(High)、正常^(Normal)（默认）或低^(Low)。选择暂停^(Paused)可让您停止所有更新。
• 查看^(View)>按类型^{(Group by type)}分组：在进程选项卡下对进程进行^(Processes)分组^(Group)或取消分组。
• 查看^(View)>全部展开^{(Expand all)}：展开所有流程以显示流程^(Processes)选项卡下的子流程。
• 查看^(View)>全部折叠：折叠“^{(Collapse all)}进程^(Processes)”选项卡下的所有展开的进程。

进程选项卡

Windows 11任务管理器^{(Task Manager)}中的“进程^(Processes)”选项卡包含 PC 上的实时进程列表，以及单独列下的实时使用统计信息。

进程选项卡 - 名称列^{(Processes Tab – Name Column)}

名称^(Name)列顶部的应用程序部分显示了^(Apps)Windows 11中所有打开的程序的列表。后台进程^{(Background processes)}部分提供在后台运行的应用程序（例如，系统托盘）。第三部分——标记为Windows 进程^{(Windows processes)}——列出了与操作系统相关的进程。 

如果需要，您可以通过取消选中“任务管理器^{(Task Manager)}”菜单上的“视图”^(View) > “按类型分组”来合并部分列表。^{(Group by type)}但是，这使得查找特定应用程序和进程变得更加困难。

默认情况下，任务管理器^{(Task Manager)}对与每个程序相关的子进程进行分组和隐藏。要显示它们，只需双击一个程序的名称或选择它旁边的小箭头图标。

或者，使用View > Expand all和Collapse all菜单选项来展开和折叠^{(Collapse all)}Processes选项卡下的所有子流程。

右键单击一个进程会显示多个选项，类似于您在任务管理器的简化视图中获得的选项。一个例外是完整的Windows 资源管理器^{(Windows Explorer)}进程，它具有Restart选项而不是End task。这使您可以通过重新启动文件资源管理器来解决与文件资源管理器相关的问题^{(troubleshoot File Explorer-related issues)}。 

进程选项卡 - 其他列^{(Processes Tab – Other Columns)}

Processes选项卡包含额外的列，这些列提供每个进程和子进程的实时系统资源使用统计信息和见解，以及在黄色和红色之间切换的颜色以指示资源使用量从小到大。

CPU、Memory和Disk列可以说是最重要的，因为它们可以让您发现消耗大量资源的程序。选择一列使您能够将进程从资源最密集型到最少，反之亦然。这可能很有用，例如，在找出诸如哪些应用程序导致CPU或磁盘^(Disk)活动最多之类的事情时。

• 状态：^{(Status: )}显示一个叶形图标，表示Windows 11是否已暂停进程以节省电量。
• CPU：每个进程当前的CPU资源消耗百分比。聚合值列在列的顶部。
• 内存：^(Memory:)每个进程的当前内存使用量（以 MB 为单位），以及顶部的百分比百分比。
• 磁盘：^(Disk:)每个进程的磁盘使用情况。
• 网络：^(Network:)每个进程的实时网络活动，以每秒兆比特为^{(megabits per second)}单位。

进程选项卡 - 附加列^{(Processes Tab – Additional Columns)}

右键单击任何列还可以让您选择激活其他列：

• 类型^(Type)：显示进程类别-应用程序^(App)、后台进程^{(Background process)}或Windows 进程^{(Windows process)}。 
• 发布^(Publisher:)者：显示相关程序或服务的发布者，例如Microsoft。 
• PID：分配给每个进程的^(PID:) 唯一^(Unique)十进制数字，有助于区分同一程序的多个实例。
• 进程名称：^{(Process Name: )}显示进程的文件名和扩展名。
• 命令行：^{(Command Line:)}显示与进程相关的完整命令行、选项和变量。
• GPU：每个进程的^{(GPU: )}GPU活动百分比。
• GPU 引擎：^{(GPU Engine: )}显示进程正在使用的GPU引擎^(GPU)——3D、视频^(Video) 解码^(Decode)、视频处理^{(Video Processing)}等。 
• 功耗：^{(Power Usage:)} 在任何给定时刻，过程的功耗非常^(Power)低^{(Very Low)}、低^(Low)、中等^(Moderate)、高^(High)和非常高。^{( Very High)}
• 电源使用趋势：^{(Power Usage Trend:)} 进程的平均电源使用情况。^(Power)这是一个更好的指标，因为它考虑了时间。
• Resource values：这使您可以更改Memory、Disk和Network列以显示值而不是百分比。

性能选项卡

任务管理器^{(Task Manager)}中的性能^{(Performance)}选项卡可让您监控Windows 11中^{(Windows 11)}CPU、内存、磁盘、网络和GPU的总实时利用率。选择^(Select)侧边栏上的每个硬件组件以查看相关信息。

性能选项卡 - CPU^{(Performance Tab – CPU)}

以0-100^(0-100)的比例显示所有进程在 60 秒内的CPU 利用率^{(CPU utilization)}。在多核CPU^(CPUs)上，右键单击图表并选择将图表更改为^{(Change graph to)}>逻辑处理器^{(Logical processors )}以显示每个逻辑处理器^{(logical processor)}的单独图表。将光标悬停在处理器上将显示操作系统是否已将其“停放”以节省电力。

在图表下方，您会发现以下信息：

• 利用率^{(Utilization)}：CPU 利用率百分比。
• 速度^(Speed)：CPU 的当前速度。
• 进程： ^(Processes)CPU处理的进程总数。
• 线程： ^(Threads)CPU处理的所有进程的线程计数。
• 句柄^(Handles)：与共享资源（文件、程序、内存位置等）的关联总数。
• 正常^(Up) 运行时间^(time)：自您上次打开 PC 以来的时间。

其余部分包括与CPU相关的一般信息，例如处理器型号、基本速度和虚拟化状态^{(virtualization status)}。

性能选项卡 - 内存^{(Performance Tab – Memory)}

在 0-100 的范围内以图形格式显示超过 60 秒的总RAM使用情况。^(RAM)此外，标有“记忆成分^{(Memory composition)}”的单独图表显示了记忆的快照，由以下不同颜色的阴影组成：

• 使用^{(In use)}中：进程、驱动程序和操作系统正在使用的内存。
• 已修改^(Modified)：在重新利用之前必须将内存写入磁盘。
• Standy：由未在使用中的缓存数据组成的内存。
• Free：可立即使用的内存。

在这两个图表下方，您会看到以下数值信息：

• In use：进程、驱动程序和操作系统积极使用的内存量。
• 可用^(Available)：可供操作系统使用的内存（内存组成图中的备用^(Standby)和空闲^(Free)类别的总和）。
• 已提交：显示与^(Committed)Windows^{(page file in Windows)}中的页面文件相关的几个值。
• Cached ：内存组成图中的Modified和Standby类别的总和。
• 分页池^{(Paged pool)}：可以从RAM移动到页面文件的内核和设备驱动程序内存。
• 非分页池^{(Non-paged pool)}：必须保留在RAM中的内核和设备驱动程序内存。

其余的是有关物理内存模块的一般信息——速度、使用的RAM插槽数量和外形尺寸。

性能选项卡 - 磁盘^{(Performance Tab – Disk)}

根据您 PC 上的分区和可移动驱动器的数量，您可能会在边栏下看到多个磁盘。每个都包含两个图表，以 0-100 的比例显示 60 秒内的磁盘利用率。 

活动时间^{(Active time)}图显示读取和写入请求，而磁盘传输率^{(Disk transfer rate)}图显示驱动器和操作系统之间的传输率。

除了容量、型号和类型（HDD或SSD）等一般驱动器相关信息外，您还会看到以下信息：

• 活动时间^{(Active time)}：磁盘用于读取或写入数据的时间百分比。较高的百分比可能表明存在瓶颈（通常是机械硬盘驱动器的情况）。
• 平均响应时间^{(Average response time)}：完成读取和写入请求的平均时间。
• 读取速度^{(Read speed)}：磁盘驱动器的当前读取速度，以千字节每秒为单位。
• 写入速度^{(Write speed)}：磁盘驱动器的当前写入速度，以每秒千字节为单位。

Performance Tab – Wi-Fi/Ethernet

显示^(Reveals)网络信息，例如适配器名称、SSID、连接类型、发送和接收速度（以Kbps为单位）、IPv4和IPv6地址以及信号强度。

该图显示了应用程序和操作系统的总网络利用率。右键单击图表并选择查看网络详细信息^{(View network details)}将显示有关网络活动的额外信息。

性能选项卡 - GPU^{(Performance Tab – GPU)}

显示GPU型号、利用率和有关 PC 视频卡的其他信息，例如专用或共享内存量和驱动程序版本。但是，此部分可能不会显示在具有集成显卡的计算机上。

您可以通过右键单击并选择将图形更改为^{(Change graph to )}>多个引擎^{(Multiple engines)}来切换默认图形以显示GPU引擎（3D、视频解码^{(Video Decoding)}、视频处理^{(Video Processing)}等）的活动。 

注意^(Note)：Windows 11 还包括一个高级硬件监控实用程序，称为资源监视器^{(Resource Monitor)}。选择“性能”^{(Performance)}选项卡底部的“打开资源监视器^{(Open Resource Monitor)}”以访问它。

应用历史选项卡

任务管理器的应用历史记录选项卡显示^{(App History)}Microsoft Store应用的总CPU和网络使用统计信息。如果需要，您可以通过在菜单栏上选择选项^(Options)>显示所有进程的历史记录将非应用商店应用程序包括在列表中。^{( Show history for all processes)}

您可以通过选择屏幕顶部的删除使用历史记录^{(Delete usage history)}来重置所有列的计数。

应用历史记录选项卡 - 默认列^{(App History Tab – Default Columns)}

应用历史记录^{(App History)}选项卡显示以下列：

• 名称：^{(Name: )}程序的名称。
• CPU 时间：^{(CPU time:)}自上次复位以来程序使用CPU的总时间。^(CPU)
• 网络：^{(Network: )}程序消耗的总带宽（以兆字节为单位）。
• 计量网络：程序在^{(Metered network: )}计量网络^{(metered networks)}上消耗的数据总量。
• 磁贴更新：与“^{(Tile updates: )}开始^(Start)”菜单中的实时磁贴更新相关的数据消耗。^(Data)此选项无关紧要，因为Windows 11^{(Windows 11)}中不存在动态磁贴。但是，您可能仍会在列中看到尝试在后台触发更新的旧应用程序的活动。

应用历史记录选项卡 - 附加列^{(App History Tab – Additional Columns)}

或者，您可以右键单击任何现有列以激活以下列：

• 非计量网络：非计量网络^{(Non-metered Network:)}上的总数据使用量。
• 下载：^(Downloads:)与应用执行的下载相关的总体数据使用量。
• 上传：^{(Uploads: )}与应用执行的上传相关的总体数据使用情况。

应用历史记录选项卡 - 上下文选项^{(App History Tab – Contextual Options)}

右键单击应用程序会显示以下选项：

• 在线搜索：^{(Search online: )}如果某个应用看起来不熟悉，请选择此选项以进行在线粗略检查。
• 属性：^{(Properties:)}打开应用程序主可执行文件的“属性^(Properties)”窗格。

启动选项卡

任务管理器^{(Task Manager)}中的启动^(Startup)选项卡列出了在计算机启动时加载的每个应用程序。由于多个启动程序会对操作系统的性能产生不利影响，因此您可以使用此选项卡来管理它们。

启动选项卡 - 默认列^{(Startup Tab – Default Columns)}

启动选项卡列出了以下列：

• 名称：^(Name:)启动程序的名称。
• 发布者：^{(Publisher: )}程序的发布者。
• 状态：^{(Status: )}程序的状态（启用^(Enabled)或禁用^(Disabled)）。
• 启动影响：^{(Startup Impact: )}程序的启动影响（低、正常、高或非常高^{(Low, Normal, High, or Very High)}）。

启动选项卡 - 上下文选项^{(Startup Tab – Contextual Options)}

右键单击应用程序会显示以下选项：

• 启用^(Enable)/禁用^(Disable)：启用或禁用启动程序。
• 打开文件位置：在^{(Open file location:)}文件资源管理器^{(File Explorer)}窗口中打开程序的可执行文件。
• 在线搜索^{(Search online)}：在线搜索程序。
• 属性^(Properties)：打开程序可执行文件的“属性^(Properties)”窗格。

启动选项卡 - 附加列^{(Startup Tab – Additional Columns)}

您还可以右键单击现有列以激活以下列中的任何一个：

• 启动类型：^{(Startup type: )}程序的启动源（系统注册表或Windows中的启动文件夹^{(Startup folder in Windows)}）。 
• Disk I/O at startup:时与进程相关的磁盘活动量（以 MB 为单位）。
• 启动时的 CPU：启动^{(CPU at startup:)}时对CPU使用率的影响。
• 正在运行：^{(Running now:)}显示程序当前是否正在运行。
• 禁用时间：^{(Disabled time: )}自上次禁用程序以来的时间。
• 命令行：^{(Command line: )}显示程序的命令行路径，包括与之相关的任何选项和变量。

用户选项卡

任务管理器^{(Task Manager)}中的用户^(Users)选项卡显示您计算机上所有用户的列表。它类似于进程^(Processes)选项卡，不同之处在于您可以按用户查看资源使用情况。

用户选项卡 - 默认列^{(Users Tab – Default Columns)}

您可以在选项卡中找到以下列：

• 用户^(User)：列出登录用户的名称。双击一个名称以显示与该用户相关的所有进程。
• 状态^(Status)：显示用户每个进程的状态，包括进程是否暂停。

CPU、Memory、Disk、Network、GPU和GPU 引擎^{(GPU engine)}与您在​​ Processes选项卡上看到的内容基本相同。

用户选项卡 - 附加列^{(Users Tab – Additional Columns)}

右键单击现有列允许您激活其他列：

• ID：用户的 ID。
• 会话：^{(Session: )}用户的会话时长。
• 客户端名称：^{(Client Name: )}用户的主机名（如果用户通过远程连接连接到您的 PC）。

用户选项卡 - 上下文选项^{(Users Tab – Contextual Options)}

右键单击用户会显示以下上下文操作：

• 展开^(Expand)：显示与用户帐户相关的进程。
• 连接^(Connect)：通过输入密码切换到用户帐户。
• 注销^{(Sign off)}：强制注销用户，可能导致数据丢失。
• 发送消息：^{(Send message:)}向用户发送消息。输入标题和消息，然后选择OK。
• 切换用户帐户^{(Switch user account)}：切换到用户帐户。
• 管理用户帐户：在^{(Manage user account)}控制面板^{(Control Panel)}中打开用户帐户^{(User Accounts)}屏幕。

详细信息选项卡

详细信息^(Details)选项卡提供了计算机上所有进程的扩展视图，包括来自其他用户帐户的进程。它类似于Windows 7和更早版本 中任务管理器^{(Task Manager)}中的进程^(Processes)选项卡。

详细信息选项卡 - 默认列^{(Details Tab – Default Columns)}

详细信息^(Details)选项卡分为以下列：

• 名称^(Name)：进程的名称。
• PID：分配给每个进程的唯一编号。
• 状态^(Status)：进程的状态 -运行^(Running)或暂停^(Suspended)。
• 用户名^{(User name)}：启动进程的原因——您、其他用户、操作系统等。
• CPU：与进程相关的 CPU 活动。
• 内存^(Memory)：以千字节为单位使用的内存量。
• 架构^{(Architecture)}：进程的架构 - 32 位或 64 位^{(32 or 64-bit)}。

您还可以通过右键单击现有列并选择启用附加列来激活许多附加列^{(Enable additional columns)}。然而，这些都是高度技术性的，最适合高级用户，所以我们不会在这里讨论它们。

详细信息选项卡 - 上下文选项^{(Details Tab – Contextual Options)}

右键单击一个进程会显示以下选项：

• 结束任务：^{(End task:)}强制关闭进程。
• 结束进程树：^{(End process tree:)}结束与进程相关的整个进程树。这类似于在“进程^(Processes)”选项卡中结束一组进程。
• 设置优先级^{(Set priority)}：确定CPU赋予进程相对于其他进程的优先级。选项包括实时^(Realtime)、高^(High)、高于正常^{(Above Normal)}、正常^(Normal)、低于正常^{(Below Normal)}和低^(Low)。
• 设置亲和性：^{(Set affinity: )}指定进程使用的一个或多个CPU核心。
• 分析等待链：^{(Analyze wait chain: )}识别^(Identify)并结束该进程正在使用或等待使用的其他进程。
• UAC 虚拟化：^{(UAC virtualization:)}更改UAC虚拟化状态。如果启用，它允许进程写入虚拟化位置，而不是它们没有权限的区域。这可以提高与旧版应用程序的兼容性。
• 创建转储文件：^{(Create dump file: )}创建内存转储以进行故障排除。
• 打开文件位置：^{(Open file location: )}打开可执行文件的位置。
• 在线搜索：在线^{(Search online: )}搜索^(Search)有关流程或任务的更多详细信息。
• 属性：^{(Properties:)}访问可执行文件的“属性^(Properties)”窗格。
• 转到服务：^{(Go to services:)} 突出显示“^(Highlight)服务^(Services)”选项卡中的相关服务。

服务选项卡

服务^(Services)选项卡详细说明了您 PC 上的每个本机和第三方服务，例如与Windows 更新^{(Windows Update)}、蓝牙、打印后台^{(Print Spooler)}处理程序等相关的服务。它允许您启动、停止和重新启动服务。

服务选项卡 - 默认列^{(Services Tab – Default Columns)}

服务窗格由以下列组成：

• 名称^(Name)：服务的名称。
• PID：服务的进程 ID（有助于识别与服务相关的进程）。
• 描述^{(Description)}：每个服务的简要描述。
• 状态^(Status)：进程的状态（正在运行^(Running)或已停止^(Stopped)）。如果某些进程似乎被卡住，它们可能会显示为正在启动。^(Starting)
• Group：显示服务所属的任何相关组。

服务选项卡 - 上下文选项^{(Services Tab – Contextual Options)}

右键单击服务将显示以下上下文选项：

• 启动^(Start)：启动服务。
• 步骤^(Step)：停止服务。
• 重启^(Restart)：重启服务。
• 打开服务^{(Open Services)}：打开服务小程序^{(Services applet)}（为每个服务提供配置选项的实用程序）。
• 在线搜索^{(Search online)}：在线搜索有关服务的详细信息。
• 转到详细信息^{(Go to details)}：切换到详细信息^(Details)选项卡并突出显示相关的可执行文件（对故障排除有用）。

充分利用任务管理器

Windows 11中的任务管理器^{(Task Manager)}有助于识别 PC 的各种程序和硬件的工作方式。然而，尽管有很多信息和选项，但简要了解关闭麻烦的应用程序和单独管理资源密集型流程需要什么可以对日常使用产生积极影响。

Windows 11 Task Manager In-Depth Guide and Overview

The Task Manager is а powerful Windows 11 utility that provides detailed real-time information about the software and hardware on your PC. It’s also indispensable when troubleshooting applications, monitoring hardware resource usage, and managing startup programs.

In this in-depth guide and overview, you’ll learn everything you need to know about the Task Manager in Windows 11, including ways to use it effectively.

Opening the Windows 11 Task Manager

In Windows 11, you can launch the Task Manager just like any other program by selecting Start > All Apps > Windows Tools > Task Manager. However, the most convenient way to invoke it is through the Power User menu (right-click the Start button and select Task Manager). 

If you prefer keyboard shortcuts, pressing Ctrl + Shift + Esc will quickly bring up the Task Manager. If the operating system appears stuck, you can still get to it by pressing Ctrl + Alt + Delete (which opens Windows 11’s Security Screen) and then selecting Task Manager.

The Default Task Manager

The Windows 11 Task Manager appears as a stripped-down version of the full user interface by default. It’s tiny, features no menu options, and simply shows a list of active apps on your computer.

You can choose any app within the list and forcibly shut it down by selecting the End task button. That’s the quickest way to quit unresponsive programs.

Right-clicking any app within the list also reveals multiple contextual options as follows:

• Switch to: Immediately brings the app into focus.
• End task: Forcibly shuts down the app. It’s the same as selecting the End task button.
• Provide feedback: Provide feedback to Microsoft.
• Create dump file: Generate a dump (.DMP) file of the program, which is often requested by support engineers for troubleshooting purposes. You can also analyze dump files yourself.
• Run new task: Launch a new program, folder, or document with or without elevated privileges in Windows.
• Always on top: Place the Task Manager on top of other apps. This option also works in expanded view, which then helps you track resource usage in real-time.
• Go to details: Automatically select the executable file related to the program within the Details tab in the expanded view.
• Open file location: Opens the directory of the program’s main executable file in a File Explorer window.
• Search online: Perform an online search using Bing. If you don’t recognize a program, use this option to learn more about it.
• Properties: Brings up the program executable’s Properties dialog box. You can then check or modify its general, compatibility, and security settings and view additional details such as the version, publisher, etc.

The Expanded Task Manager

Select the More details button at the bottom left corner to expand the Task Manager’s user interface. You can always select Fewer details to go back to the stripped-down version whenever you want.

The expanded Task Manager consists of multiple tabs—Processes (default), Performance, App History, Startup, Users, Details, and Services. You can change the default tab that appears when you open Task Manager by selecting Options > Set default tab on the menu bar.

Task Manager – Tab Overview

You’ll go through each tab in more detail below, but here’s a brief overview:

• Processes: Offers a rundown of all active, background, and Windows processes on your computer, including performance stats per process.
• Performance: Provides real-time monitoring of the CPU (central processing unit), memory, storage drive, network adapter, and video card.
• App History: Displays the resource usage history of Microsoft Store apps (default view) and traditional programs (optional).
• Startup: Lists programs that launch at startup and the related performance impact on your PC.
• Users: Displays the processes and resource usage on your computer for each user.
• Details: Provides a comprehensive list of processes and the relevant executable files in traditional format.
• Services: Features native and third-party services, along with options to start, stop, and restart them.

Task Manager – Menu Options

In the expanded view, you’ll find a list of menu options to the top of the Task Manager—File, Options, and View.

• File > Run new task: Open a program, folder, or document with or without administrative privileges.
• File > Exit: Exit the Task Manager.
• Options > Always on top: Keep the Task Manager on top of other windows.
• Options > Minimize on use: Hide the Task Manager while using the Switch to right-click option on an app or process.
• Options > Hide when minimized: Hide the Task Manager in the system tray while minimizing it.
• Options > Set default tab: Change the default tab that you see each time you open the Task Manager. 
• Options > Show full account name: Display each user’s entire account name (profile and email ID) under the Users tab.
• Options > Show history for all processes: Reveal the history for both Microsoft Store apps and non-Store apps under the App History tab.
• View > Refresh now: Immediately refresh all tabs within the Task Manager.
• View > Update speed: Determine the Task Manager’s refresh speed—High, Normal (default), or Low. Selecting Paused lets you stop all updates.
• View > Group by type: Group or ungroup processes under the Processes tab.
• View > Expand all: Expand all processes to reveal sub-processes under the Processes tab.
• View > Collapse all: Collapse all expanded processes under the Processes tab.

The Processes Tab

The Processes tab in the Windows 11 Task Manager features a list of live processes on your PC, along with real-time usage stats under separate columns.

Processes Tab – Name Column

The Apps section at the top of the Name column sports a list of all open programs in Windows 11. The Background processes section features apps that run in the background (e.g., the system tray). A third section—labeled Windows processes—lists processes related to the operating system. 

If you want, you can merge the sections list by unchecking View > Group by type on the Task Manager menu. However, that makes it harder to locate specific apps and processes.

By default, the Task Manager groups and hides the sub-processes related to each program. To reveal them, simply double-click a program’s name or select the tiny arrow icon next to it.

Optionally, use the View > Expand all and Collapse all menu options to expand and collapse all sub-processes under the Processes tab.

Right-clicking a process reveals multiple options, similar to what you get in the Task Manager’s simplified view. An exception is the integral Windows Explorer process, which features a Restart option instead of End task. That allows you to troubleshoot File Explorer-related issues by restarting it. 

Processes Tab – Other Columns

The Processes tab contains additional columns that provide real-time system resource usage stats and insights for each process and subprocess, along with colors that shift between yellow and red to indicate minor to heavy resource usage.

The CPU, Memory, and Disk columns are arguably the most important since they let you spot programs that consume lots of resources. Selecting a column enables you to sort processes from the most resource-intensive to the least and vice-versa. This can be useful, for example, in figuring out things like which apps are causing the most CPU or Disk activity.

• Status: Displays a leaf-shaped icon to denote if Windows 11 has suspended the process to conserve power.
• CPU: Current CPU resource consumption of each process in percentage terms. An aggregate value is listed at the top of the column.
• Memory: Current memory usage in megabytes for each process, along with the total amount as a percentage at the top.
• Disk: Disk usage for each process.
• Network: Live network activity of each process in megabits per second.

Processes Tab – Additional Columns

Right-clicking any column also gives you the option to activate additional columns:

• Type: Displays the process category—App, Background process, or Windows process. 
• Publisher: Reveals the publisher of the related program or service—e.g., Microsoft. 
• PID: Unique decimal number assigned to each process, helpful in distinguishing between multiple instances of the same program.
• Process Name: This shows the filename and extension of the process.
• Command Line: Displays the full command line, options, and variables related to the process.
• GPU: GPU activity in percentage terms for each process.
• GPU Engine: Displays the GPU engine in active use by the process—3D, Video Decode, Video Processing, etc. 
• Power Usage: Power consumption of a process on a scale of Very Low, Low, Moderate, High, and Very High at any given moment.
• Power Usage Trend: Power usage of a process as an average. This is a better indicator since it accounts for time.
• Resource values: This lets you change the Memory, Disk, and Network columns to display values instead of percentages.

The Performance Tab

The Performance tab in the Task Manager lets you monitor total real-time utilization of the CPU, memory, disk, network, and GPU in Windows 11. Select each hardware component on the sidebar to view the relevant information.

Performance Tab – CPU

Displays CPU utilization by all processes over 60 seconds on a scale of 0-100. On multi-core CPUs, right-click the graph and select Change graph to > Logical processors to display separate charts for each logical processor. Hovering your cursor over a processor will reveal if the operating system has “parked” it to conserve power.

Underneath the graph, you’ll find the following information:

• Utilization: CPU utilization as a percentage.
• Speed: Current speed of the CPU.
• Processes: Total number of processes handled by the CPU.
• Threads: Thread count for all processes handled by the CPU.
• Handles: Total number of associations with shared resources (files, programs, memory locations, etc.).
• Up time: Time since you last turned on your PC.

The rest consists of general information related to the CPU, such as the processor model, base speed, and virtualization status.

Performance Tab – Memory

Displays total RAM usage in graphical format over 60 seconds on a scale of 0-100. In addition, a separate graph labeled Memory composition reveals a snapshot of the memory consisting of the following in different shades of color:

• In use: Memory in active use by processes, drivers, and the operating system.
• Modified: Memory that must be written to the disk before it can be repurposed.
• Standy: Memory consisting of cached data not in active use.
• Free: Memory that’s immediately available for use.

Underneath both graphs, you’ll see the following information as numeric values:

• In use: The amount of memory actively used by processes, drivers, and the operating system.
• Available: Memory available for use by the operating system (the sum of the Standby and Free categories in the memory composition graph).
• Committed: Displays a couple of values related to the page file in Windows.
• Cached: The sum of the Modified and Standby categories in the memory composition graph.
• Paged pool: Kernel and device driver memory that can be moved from RAM to the page file.
• Non-paged pool: Kernel and device driver memory that must stay in RAM.

The rest is general information about the physical memory modules—speed, the number of RAM slots used, and the form factor.

Performance Tab – Disk

Depending on the number of partitions and removable drives on your PC, you may see multiple disks listed under the sidebar. Each consists of two graphs that display disk utilization over 60 seconds on a scale of 0-100. 

The Active time graph reveals the read and write requests, while the Disk transfer rate graph displays transfer rates between the drive and the operating system.

In addition to general drive-related information such as capacity, model, and type (HDD or SSD), you’ll see the following information:

• Active time: Percentage of time the disk spends reading or writing data. Higher percentages may indicate bottlenecks (often the case with mechanical hard drives).
• Average response time: Average amount of time to complete read and write requests.
• Read speed: The disk drive’s current read speed in kilobytes per second.
• Write speed: Current write speed of the disk drive in kilobytes per second.

Performance Tab – Wi-Fi/Ethernet

Reveals network information such as the adapter name, SSID, connection type, send and receive speeds (in Kbps), IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, and signal strength.

The graph displays total network utilization by apps and the operating system. Right-clicking the chart and selecting View network details will reveal extra information regarding network activity.

Performance Tab – GPU

Displays the GPU model, utilization, and other information regarding your PC’s video card, such as the amount of dedicated or shared memory and driver version. However, this section may not show up on computers with integrated graphics.

You can switch the default graph to display activity by GPU engine (3D, Video Decoding, Video Processing, etc.) by right-clicking and selecting Change graph to > Multiple engines. 

Note: Windows 11 also includes an advanced hardware monitoring utility dubbed the Resource Monitor. Select Open Resource Monitor at the bottom of the Performance tab to get to it.

The App History Tab

The Task Manager’s App History tab displays the total CPU and network usage stats for Microsoft Store apps. If you want, you can include non-Store apps within the list by selecting Options > Show history for all processes on the menu bar.

You can reset the count for all columns by selecting Delete usage history at the top of the screen.

App History Tab – Default Columns

The App History tab displays the following columns:

• Name: The name of the program.
• CPU time: The total time the program has utilized the CPU since the last reset.
• Network: The total bandwidth (in megabytes) consumed by the program.
• Metered network: The total amount of data the program has consumed on metered networks.
• Tile updates: Data consumption related to live tile updates in the Start menu. This option is irrelevant since live tiles aren’t present in Windows 11. However, you may still see activity in the column with older apps that attempt to trigger updates in the background.

App History Tab – Additional Columns

Optionally, you can right-click any of the existing columns to activate the following columns:

• Non-metered Network: Total data usage on non-metered networks.
• Downloads: Overall data usage related to downloads performed by apps.
• Uploads: Overall data usage related to uploads performed by apps.

App History Tab – Contextual Options

Right-clicking an app reveals the following options:

• Search online: If an app appears unfamiliar, select this option to perform a cursory check online.
• Properties: Open the Properties pane of the app’s main executable file.

The Startup Tab

The Startup tab in the Task Manager lists every app that loads at computer startup. Since multiple start programs can adversely impact the operating system’s performance, you can use this tab to manage them.

Startup Tab – Default Columns

The startup tab lists the following columns:

• Name: The name of the startup program.
• Publisher: The program’s publisher.
• Status: The program’s status (Enabled or Disabled).
• Startup Impact: The startup impact of the program (Low, Normal, High, or Very High).

Startup Tab – Contextual Options

Right-clicking an app reveals the following options:

• Enable/Disable: Enable or disable the startup program.
• Open file location: Opens the program’s executable file in a File Explorer window.
• Search online: Perform a search of the program online.
• Properties: Open the Properties pane of the program’s executable file.

Startup Tab – Additional Columns

You can also right-click an existing column to activate any of the following columns:

• Startup type: The startup source of the program (the system registry or the Startup folder in Windows). 
• Disk I/O at startup: The amount of disk activity in megabytes related to the process at startup.
• CPU at startup: The impact on CPU usage at startup.
• Running now: Reveals if the program is running at the moment or not.
• Disabled time: The time since you last disabled the program.
• Command line: Displays the program’s command line path, including any options and variables related to it.

The Users Tab

The Users tab in the Task Manager displays a list of all users on your computer. It’s similar to the Processes tab, except that you can view resource usage by user.

Users Tab – Default Columns

You can find the following columns within the tab:

• User: Lists the names of signed-in users. Double-click a name to reveal all processes related to the user.
• Status: Displays the status of each process for a user, including if the processes are suspended or not.

The CPU, Memory, Disk, Network, GPU, and GPU engine are essentially the same compared to what you see on the Processes tab.

Users Tab – Additional Columns

Right-clicking an existing column allows you to activate additional columns:

• ID: The user’s ID.
• Session: The session duration of the user.
• Client Name: The user’s hostname (if the user connects to your PC via a remote connection).

Users Tab – Contextual Options

Right-clicking a user reveals the following contextual actions:

• Expand: Reveal processes related to the user account.
• Connect: Switch to the user account by inserting its password.
• Sign off: Forcibly signs off the user and may result in data loss.
• Send message: Send a message to the user. Enter a title and message and select OK.
• Switch user account: Switch to the user account.
• Manage user account: Opens the User Accounts screen in the Control Panel.

The Details Tab

The Details tab offers an expanded view of all processes on your computer, including those from other user accounts. It’s similar to the Processes tab from the Task Manager in Windows 7 and earlier. 

Details Tab – Default Columns

The Details tab is broken down into the following columns:

• Name: Name of the process.
• PID: Unique number assigned to each process.
• Status: Status of the process—Running or Suspended.
• User name: What initiated the process—you, another user, the operating system, etc.
• CPU: CPU activity related to the process.
• Memory: The amount of memory used in kilobytes.
• Architecture: Architecture of the process – 32 or 64-bit.

You can also activate a host of additional columns by right-clicking an existing column and selecting Enable additional columns. However, these are highly technical and best suited for power users, so we won’t go over them here.

Details Tab – Contextual Options

Right-clicking a process reveals the following options:

• End task: Forcibly shut down the process.
• End process tree: End the entire process tree related to the process. This is similar to ending a group of processes in the Processes tab.
• Set priority: Determine the priority given by the CPU to the process compared to others. Options include Realtime, High, Above Normal, Normal, Below Normal, and Low.
• Set affinity: Specify the CPU core or cores used by the process.
• Analyze wait chain: Identify and end other processes that the process is using or waiting to use.
• UAC virtualization: Change the UAC virtualization status. If enabled, it allows processes to write into a virtualized location instead of areas where they don’t have permissions. That could improve compatibility with legacy apps.
• Create dump file: Create a memory dump for troubleshooting purposes.
• Open file location: Open the executable file’s location.
• Search online: Search online for more details about the process or task.
• Properties: Access the executable file’s Properties pane.
• Go to services: Highlight related services within the Services tab.

The Services Tab

The Services tab details every native and third-party service on your PC, such as those related to Windows Update, Bluetooth, the Print Spooler, etc. It lets you start, stop, and restart services.

Services Tab – Default Columns

The services pane consists of the following columns:

• Name: Name of the service.
• PID: Process ID of the service (helpful in identifying the service-related process).
• Description: Brief description of each service.
• Status: Status of the process (Running or Stopped). Some processes may show up as Starting if they appear to be stuck.
• Group: Reveals any related group that a service is a part of.

Services Tab – Contextual Options

Right-clicking a service will reveal the following contextual options:

• Start: Start the service.
• Step: Stop the service.
• Restart: Restart the service.
• Open Services: Opens the Services applet (a utility that provides configuration options for each service).
• Search online: Search online for details about the service.
• Go to details: Switches to the Details tab and highlights the relevant executable (useful for troubleshooting).

Put the Task Manager to Good Use

The Task Manager in Windows 11 is instrumental in identifying how your PC’s various programs and hardware work. Despite being filled with lots of information and options, however, getting a brief understanding of what it takes to shut down troublesome apps and manage resource-heavy processes alone can positively impact day-to-day usage.

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