新的Windows 计算器(Windows Calculator)提供了比以往更精确的计算，它还具有一个新的和强大的界面。它现在将基本标准计算与编程、科学计算和统计相结合。除此之外，还有其他非常有用的功能：抵押计算(mortgage calculation)、多功能转换器和其他一些值得关注的选项。在本文中，我将一一介绍它们，并分享一些可能的使用场景。
在Windows 7和Windows 8中哪里可以找到计算器(Calculator)
在Windows 7中，您可以通过转到Start Menu - > Accessories -> Calculator来访问它。
计算器(Calculator)也可以通过在开始菜单(Start Menu)搜索框(search box)（在Windows 7中）或在开始(Start)屏幕（在Windows 8中）输入(Windows 8)calculator或calc并打开相应的搜索结果(search result)来打开。
它的可执行文件可以在这个位置找到："C:WindowsSystem32calc.exe".
计算模式
尽管它在Windows 8中具有不同的版本，但与(Windows 8)Windows 7相比，计算器(Calculator)在两个操作系统中是相同的。界面看起来完全一样，其功能也相同。
计算器(Calculator)有 4种主要模式可供您进行计算：
在下面的部分中，我将描述它们中的每一个，并解释它们的作用以及如何使用它们。
标准模式
当您第一次打开计算器(Calculator)时，默认选择标准(Standard)模式。这种模式更适合普通袖珍计算器(pocket calculator)。您可以使用键盘(keyboard number)数值、小键盘（激活Num键）或鼠标进行计算。
示例：(Example:)您需要选择要用于计算的数字以及对这些数字的操作。因此，如果您要进行简单的乘法运算，您将单击第一个数字、操作（* 乘号）和第二个数字。在计算过程(calculation process)结束时，您可以继续向该结果添加新操作或单击(result or click)等号以获得最终结果(end result)。
程序员模式
此模式提供了使用基数(bases)（二进制、八进制、十六进制、十进制）进行操作的可能性。您可以将值从一个基数转换为另一个基数。例如，您可以从以二为底的(base two) 数字系统(number system)（二进制 - 0、1）转换为以十为底的数字系统(base ten number system)（十进制 0-9）。此外，此模式还有助于进行逻辑位运算（XOR、OR、AND 等(AND etc)）。
要访问此模式，请单击View菜单并选择Programmer选项。
与以前的版本一样，您使用的密钥与基础有关。例如，A - F 按钮只有在您选中以十六进制值工作时才能访问。其他按钮对于程序员来说是或应该已经是常见的。通过调色板XOR 表(XOR table)，% - 模数，从十进制转换和更改为十六进制或二进制结果。此外，您获得的值显示为整数（自然数，意味着 16/3 将等于 5）。
示例：(Example:)如果您必须将像 1011 这样的二进制值转换为十进制值，您可以键入数字并单击十进制单选框(radio box)。手动操作，这个过程会相当冗长，如果你没有完全掌握这个概念，可能会带来错误问题。
科学模式
这种模式为任何追求数学或其他科学计算的人提供了一点微笑。产品范围从基本的 X 到(X to the power of)更有用的cos、sin或pi函数的幂。
示例：(Example:)就像您之前在标准模式下所做的那样，要进行操作，请单击一个数字，然后进行操作，然后输入第二个数字。
统计模式
此模式提供与统计信息相关的选项。虽然它不像其他模式那样有很多功能，但它们非常受欢迎。您可以使用数字总和、数字总和等函数来进行统计微积分。
在统计模式的唯一情况下，按下C会删除表示的当前值。CAD会清除数据集中的所有值。数据集是添加数字的列表。数据集是您将用来执行不同操作的列表。
示例：(Example:)要在统计模式下进行操作，您必须放置值。输入后的每个值都将通过单击添加(ADD)按钮放置在数据集中。在数据集列表(dataset list)中放置所有需要的值后，您可以单击所需的操作。
使用历史(History)计算模式(Calculation Modes)
此选项超出了保存在内存中的有用值。它可以通过转到File -> History来使用，它适用于除统计模式之外的所有模式。这个名字说明了一切，但它比听起来更强大。使用复杂的公式变得简单。您可以进行计算，完成后，单击等号以获得结果。这将使结果进入历史(History)列表。如果您进行另一次计算并需要先前的结果或(result or values)该结果中的值，您只需查看列表并查看这些值。再加上您可以快速重新编辑以前的计算，这使得计算器超越(calculator surpass)了任何在线计算器产品(calculator offering)可以用于商品。要访问此选项，请确保您处于有效模式（统计模式除外）。
计算器中的其他选项
计算器(Calculator)计算器现在包括超出计算模式范围的其他工具。它们更多地与日常生活用品有关。诸如轻量级转换或计算从某一特定日期到另一天的距离之类的事情。它比您通常需要的计算器更进一步，它还可以帮助您计算抵押贷款价值、车辆租赁和汽车消费(vehicle lease and car consumption)。
您必须选择转换类型（例如：时间）、从(From) 单位度量(unit measurement)（如Hour）和To度量单位（如 Second）。
选择日期（从和到）以查看它们之间的差异。您还可以手动键入天数、月数（等）以从日期中减去（或添加）并查看最终结果。这是通过单击“计算两个日期之间的差异”('Calculate the difference between two dates')并选择第二个给定选项来完成的。
Worksheets - These are options offered for real life calculations. Whether you want to calculate mortgage, vehicle lease or car consummation (American or European measurement), the calculator offers it all in the worksheets place.
技巧和窍门
我经常惊讶于常规计算器中的一些实用程序是如何未被使用的。我所指的主题是计算器中包含的内存和其他有用的功能。
MC (Memory Clear or Clean) - clears the memory of any stored number leaving only the null or zero number in memory.
MR (Memory Reminder or Recalled) - tells the calculator to show the number present in memory.
MS (Memory Store or Set) - this takes the number present in the results and stores it in the memory. Previous calculation stored in memory will be deleted.
M+ (Add to memory) - formula> value stored in memory + current value = new value stored.
M- (Subtract from memory) - formula> value stored in memory - current value = new value stored.
C - Clear all calculations that are currently made.
The Back Arrow or Backspace - present on Windows Calculator but not present on a pocket calculator. This option deletes the last typed number from the current value. This option can be used by clicking on the Back Arrow or by pressing the Backspace key.
Using numerical values from the keyboard makes the calculation faster. You can also use the * key to quickly multiple, the minus key "-", the plus key "+", the divisible by "/" or the equal key "=".
Although this has nothing to do with notations, you can click on the Edit-> Copy to copy the value to clipboard.
Going to the help page for calculator reveals useful keyboard shortcuts for use with functions or options.
结论
它外观和选项的变化使计算器(Calculator)感觉像是在构建时考虑到了快速的轻量级功能。所有功能都可以很好地协同工作，并且选项之间的转换非常容易完成。最后，如果您有问题、疑问或者您只是知道有关此工具的一些很棒的提示和技巧，请随时在评论中与我们分享。
The Calculator in Windows 7 & Windows 8 - A Tool for the Geek in You!
The new Windows Calculator offers more precise calculations than ever and it also has a new and powerful interface. It now integrates the basic standard calculations with programming, scientific calculations and statistics. Beyond this, there are also other features which are very useful: things like mortgage calculation, a multifunctional converter and a few more options which deserve their share of attention. In this article I will present them one by one and also share some possible usage scenarios.
Where to Find the Calculator in Windows 7 & Windows 8
In Windows 7 you can access it by going to Start Menu - > Accessories -> Calculator.
The Calculator can be opened also by typing calculator or calc in the Start Menu search box (in Windows 7) or in the Start screen (in Windows 8) and opening the appropriate search result.
Its executable can be found in this location: "C:WindowsSystem32calc.exe".
Calculation Modes
Even though it has a different version in Windows 8, compared to Windows 7, the Calculator is the same in both operating systems. The interface looks just the same and its features are identical.
The Calculator has 4 main modes with which you can do calculations:
- The Standard Mode.
- The Scientific Mode.
- The Programming Mode.
- The Statistics Mode.
In the sections below I will describe each of them and explain what they do and how to use them.
The Standard Mode
When you first open the Calculator, the Standard mode will be selected by default. This mode is the better equivalent of the normal pocket calculator. You can use the keyboard number values, the keypad (with the Num key activated) or the mouse to make calculations.
Example: You need to choose the numbers with which you want to do calculations and the operation on those numbers. So, if you were to do a simple multiplication you would click on the first number, the operation ( * multiply sign ) and the second number. At the end of the calculation process you can either continue to add a new operation to that result or click on the equal sign to get the end result.
The Programmer Mode
This mode offers the possibility to do operations with bases (binary, octal, hexadecimal, decimal). You can convert values from one base to another. For example, you can convert from a base two number system (binary - 0, 1) to a base ten number system (decimal 0-9). Also, this mode offers to help with logical bit operations (XOR, OR, AND etc).
To access this mode click on the View menu and select the Programmer option.
Like previous versions, the keys you use are related to the base. For example, the A - F buttons are only accessible if you check to work in hexadecimal values. The other buttons are or should be already common for a programmer. Ranging through the palette XOR table, % - modulus, shifting and changing from decimal to hexadecimal or binary results. Also, the values you get are shown as integers (natural numbers, meaning 16/3 will equal to 5).
Example: If you have to transform a binary value like 1011 to its decimal value you would type the number and simply click on the decimal radio box. Manually, this process would be rather lengthy and probably bring error problems if you don't fully grasp the concept.
The Scientific Mode
This mode offers a bit of a smile to any person who pursues mathematical or other scientific calculations. The offering ranges from your basic X to the power of to the more useful cos, sin or pi functions.
Example: Like you did before in the standard mode, to do an operation, click on a number, followed by an operation then put the second number.
The Statistics Mode
This mode presents options related to the statistics. Although it doesn't have many functions like other modes, they are more than welcomed. You can use functions like sum of numbers, sum of numbers to the power to make statistics calculus.
Pressing the C, in the sole case of statistics mode, deletes the current value expressed. The CAD clears all the values from the dataset. The dataset is the list of added numbers. The dataset is the list with which you will perform different operations.
Example:To do an operation in the statistics mode, you have to place the values. Each value after has been typed will be placed in the dataset by clicking the ADD button. After you have placed all the needed values in the dataset list, you can click on the wanted operation.
Using History with Calculation Modes
This option goes beyond the useful values kept in memory. It can be used by going to File -> History and it is available for all the modes except the statistics one. The name says it all, however it is more powerful than it sounds. Playing around with complex formulas is made simple. You can do a calculation and, when done, click on the equal to have the result. This will make the result to enter into the History list. If you do another calculation and need the previous result or values from that result you just look up into the list and see those values. This coupled with the fact that you can quickly reedit former calculations makes the calculator surpass any online calculator offering that one might use for commodity. To access this option, make sure you are in a valid mode (all except statistics mode).
Other Options in the Calculator
The Calculator calculator now includes other tools that are beyond the scope of the calculation modes. They are more related to everyday necessities. Things like light weight conversion or calculating the distance from one specified day to another one. Going a little further than what you would normally need from a calculator, it also offers to help you with calculating mortgage values, vehicle lease and car consumption.
You have to select the type of transformation (example: Time), the From unit measurement (like Hour), and the To measurement unit (like Second).
Select the dates (from and to) to see the difference between them. You can also manually type a number of days, months (etc.) to subtract (or add) from a date and to see the final result. This is done by clicking on the 'Calculate the difference between two dates' and selecting the second given option.
Worksheets - These are options offered for real life calculations. Whether you want to calculate mortgage, vehicle lease or car consummation (American or European measurement), the calculator offers it all in the worksheets place.
Tips and tricks
I am often surprised of how unused some utilities are from a regular calculator. The subject I am referring to is the memory and other useful functions included in a calculator.
MC (Memory Clear or Clean) - clears the memory of any stored number leaving only the null or zero number in memory.
MR (Memory Reminder or Recalled) - tells the calculator to show the number present in memory.
MS (Memory Store or Set) - this takes the number present in the results and stores it in the memory. Previous calculation stored in memory will be deleted.
M+ (Add to memory) - formula> value stored in memory + current value = new value stored.
M- (Subtract from memory) - formula> value stored in memory - current value = new value stored.
C - Clear all calculations that are currently made.
The Back Arrow or Backspace - present on Windows Calculator but not present on a pocket calculator. This option deletes the last typed number from the current value. This option can be used by clicking on the Back Arrow or by pressing the Backspace key.
Using numerical values from the keyboard makes the calculation faster. You can also use the * key to quickly multiple, the minus key "-", the plus key "+", the divisible by "/" or the equal key "=".
Although this has nothing to do with notations, you can click on the Edit-> Copy to copy the value to clipboard.
Going to the help page for calculator reveals useful keyboard shortcuts for use with functions or options.
Conclusion
The changes in the way it looks and the options it has, make the Calculator feel like it has been built with quick lightweight functionality in mind. All features work well together and the transitions between options are done very easily. In the end, if you have problems, questions or you just know some great tips and tricks about this tool, don't hesitate to share them with us in a comment.
