几乎不用说，存储和维护操作系统、个人信息和个人文件的完整性是数据管理的基础。虽然在Linux(Linux)中灾难很少见，但保护您的数据免受系统崩溃、损坏的文件以及丢失或被盗的计算机仍然是绝对必要的。
备份您的文件可以保护您的数据免受损坏，并在出现问题时恢复您的数据。Linux使其平台的新用户可以轻松地进行文件备份。无论您是想将整个事情放在自动驾驶仪上，还是要逐个文件或逐个文件夹地管理备份文件的细节元素，Linux都能够提供高度自定义的准确备份。
在Linux中，可以通过外部驱动器、内部分区或两者来执行备份。它们可以被压缩和压缩，或者实时同步，逐个文件和双向同步。
以下是您可以在Linux(Linux)中自动执行文件备份的几种方法。
使用 Dropbox(Use Dropbox)
一种流行的云存储平台是Dropbox。它将跨多个设备托管和同步您的数据。
当您将Dropbox下载到Linux系统时，它将在您的计算机上创建一个专用文件夹。它还会将您的文件与安装了Dropbox客户端的所有设备和计算机同步。
有一个免费版本允许 2GB 的免费存储空间。如果您需要更多，您还可以选择升级。
以下是为Ubuntu 18.04安装(Ubuntu 18.04)Dropbox的简单步骤。要使用Dropbox安装程序，您首先需要安装GDebi。
首先，打开终端并输入：
$ sudo apt-get install gdebi
这将安装运行Dropbox Installation所需的(Dropbox Installation)GDebi。现在从官方网站( official site)下载Dropbox。为您的Linux 桌面(Linux Desktop)选择合适的软件包。
当您首先安装GDebi时，您应该会看到来自(GDebi)Package Installer的弹出窗口，其中包含一个单击Install Package按钮。
如果您没有先安装GDebi，您可以使用此命令 在Terminal中手动安装(Terminal)Dropbox。
$ sudo gdebi dropbox_2015.10.28_amd64.deb
您现在将看到一个弹出框，要求您启动Dropbox以完成安装。单击(Click) 启动 Dropbox。(start Dropbox.)
要下载属性守护程序（后台进程），请单击OK。
下载完成后退出弹出框。Dropbox登录页面将自动在您的网络浏览器中打开。
如果您已经有Dropbox帐户，请登录。如果没有，请注册一个。
安装过程将在您的Ubuntu桌面上放置一个名为Dropbox的文件夹。此文件夹中的数据将在您安装了Dropbox的所有设备以及Dropbox网站上同步。
如果您愿意，您还可以创建子文件夹，这些子文件夹也将保存在您的在线帐户的同一层次结构中。
巴库拉(Bacula)
Bacula是最流行和广泛使用的Linux恢复和备份解决方案之一。它是开源的，使用户能够：
- 资料备份。
- 跨网络验证数据。
- 快速恢复损坏或丢失的文件。
Bacula有两个版本。基本版本包括备份和恢复文件所需的所有功能。如果您正在寻找更高级的功能，它们还提供企业解决方案。
使用Bacula，您可以完全在一台计算机上运行它并将您的数据备份到其他类型的媒体，例如磁盘和磁带。它高效且相对易于使用。Bacula由于其模块化设计而具有可扩展性，并且可以在单台计算机以及具有数百台机器的广泛网络上工作。
Bacula不需要干预，因为一旦通过 Web 界面、命令行控制台或GUI进行配置，它就是一项自动化任务。
要了解如何安装Bacula，请阅读Bacula 社区安装指南( Bacula Community Installation Guide)。
反激软件(FlyBack Software)
FlyBack是一个备份和恢复文件的软件程序。它是一个基于rsync（用于在本地和远程复制和同步目录和文件的命令）的快照工具。
该功能类似于Mac OS Time Machine ，通过创建镜像您要备份 的文件( directories that mirror the files)的连续备份目录。
它还将未更改的文件硬链接到您以前的备份。使用Flyback，用户不会浪费磁盘空间，同时它使他们能够在没有恢复程序的情况下访问他们的文件。
如果您备份到外部驱动器并且您的计算机崩溃，您可以将外部驱动器移动到新设备。然后，您可以使用任何浏览器复制最新备份。
其中一些功能包括：
- 安排多个备份。
- 自动运行选择性备份。
- 安排何时自动删除旧备份。
- 控制(Have)备份的位置以及包含或排除的内容。
- 在备份过程中扫描您的目录结构。
- 将任何目录备份到任何位置，包括外部磁盘。
了解如何在Linux中(Linux)安装( install)和使用( use)FlyBack 自动备份您的文件。
放松和恢复(Relax-and-Recover)
也称为ReaR，Relax-and-Recover是一种在( Relax-and-Recover)Linux上备份文件的工具。它的名字是真实的，一旦你安装和设置它，你不需要做任何其他事情。文件的备份和恢复是自动完成的。
设置简单，无需维护。家庭用户和企业(Enterprise)用户都可以从ReaR中受益。
使用快速入门指南( Quickstart Guide)尝试放松和恢复。
备份(fwbackups)
另一个免费的开源工具是fwbackups。它简单而强大，使您能够轻松执行备份。
将备份安排到远程计算机，无需担心丢失数据。它的许多功能包括：
- 灵活的备份配置。
- 一个简单的界面。
- 备份所有文件的能力。
- 不备份目录或文件。
Fwbackups 的免费开源软件跨平台，功能丰富。它简单直观的界面使您可以轻松备份文件。
从它的用户指南( user guide)中了解如何安装和使用 fwbackups 来轻松自动备份。
5 Ways to Automate a File Backup in Linux
It hardly needs to be said but storing and maintainіng the integrity of your оperating system, perѕonal information, and personal files is basic to data management. While disasters are rare in Linux, protecting your data from system crashes, corrυpt files, and lost or stolen computers іѕ stіll an absolute necessity.
Backing up your files protects your data from corruption and restores your data in the unlikely event that something does go wrong. Linux makes file backups easy for new users to its platform. Whether you want to put the whole thing on auto-pilot or manage the nitty-gritty elements of a back-up file by file or folder by folder, Linux has the capacity to deliver accurate backups with a high degree of customization.
In Linux, back-ups can be performed via external drives, internal partitions – or both. They can be zipped and compressed, or synced in real-time, file by file and bi-directionally.
Below are several ways you can automate file backups in Linux.
Use Dropbox
One popular cloud storage platform is Dropbox. It will host and sync your data across multiple devices.
When you download Dropbox to your Linux system, it will create a dedicated folder on your computer. It will also synchronize your files with all devices and computers where the Dropbox client is installed.
There is a free version that allows 2GB of free storage. You also have the option to upgrade if you need more.
Below are the simple steps to install Dropbox for Ubuntu 18.04. To use the Dropbox installer, you first need to install GDebi.
First, open Terminal and type:
$ sudo apt-get install gdebi
This will install GDebi which you need to run the Dropbox Installation. Now download Dropbox from the official site. Select the appropriate package for your Linux Desktop.
As you installed GDebi first, you should see a pop-up from the Package Installer with a button to click that says Install Package.
If you did not install GDebi first, you can use this command to manually install Dropbox in Terminal.
$ sudo gdebi dropbox_2015.10.28_amd64.deb
You will now see a pop-up box asking you to start Dropbox to complete the installation. Click start Dropbox.
To download the property daemon (background process), click OK.
When the download is complete, exit out of the pop-up box. The Dropbox login page will automatically open in your web browser.
If you already have a Dropbox account, log in. If you don’t, sign up for one.
The installation process will put a folder on your Ubuntu desktop called Dropbox. The data in this folder will be synced across all the devices where you have installed Dropbox, as well as the Dropbox website.
If you want to, you can also create subfolders that will also be saved in the same hierarchy to your online account.
Bacula
Bacula is one of the most popular and widely used Linux recovery and backup solutions. It is open source and enables users to:
- Backup data.
- Verify data across networks.
- Recover damaged or lost files quickly.
There are two versions of Bacula. The basic version includes all the features you need to backup and recover your files. If you are looking for more advanced features, they also offer an enterprise solution.
With Bacula, you can run it entirely on one computer and backup your data to other types of media, such as disk and tape. It is efficient and relatively easy-to-use. Bacula is scalable because of its modular design and works on a single computer as well as an extensive network with hundreds of machines.
Bacula doesn’t require intervention as it is an automated task once it is configured via a web interface, command line console, or GUI.
To learn how to install Bacula, read the Bacula Community Installation Guide.
FlyBack Software
FlyBack is a software program that backs up and restores your files. It is a snapshot tool based on rsync (a command for copying and synchronizing directories and files both locally and remotely.)
The functionality is similar to the Mac OS Time Machine by creating successive backup directories that mirror the files you want to backup.
It also hard-links unchanged files to your previous backup. Using Flyback, users won’t waste disk space while at the same time it enables them to have access to their files without a recovery program.
If you backup to an external drive and your computer crashes, you can move the external drive to a new device. Using any browser, you can then copy your latest backup.
Some of the features include the ability to:
- Schedule multiple backups.
- Automatically run selective backups.
- Schedule when to automatically delete old backups.
- Have control over the location of the backup as well as what to include or exclude.
- Scan your directory structure during a backup process.
- Back up any directory to any location including an external disk.
Learn how to install and use FlyBack to automatically back up your files in Linux.
Relax-and-Recover
Also called ReaR, Relax-and-Recover is a tool to back up your files on Linux. It is true to its name in that once you install and set it up, there is nothing else you need to do. The backing up and restoring of your files are done automatically.
The set-up is easy, and there is no need to perform maintenance. Both home users and Enterprise users can benefit from ReaR.
Use the Quickstart Guide to try Relax-and-Recover.
fwbackups
Another free and open-source tool is fwbackups. It is simple yet powerful, enabling you to perform backups easily.
Schedule backups to remote computers and never worry about losing data. Some of its many features include:
- Flexible backup configuration.
- A simple interface.
- The ability to backup all your files.
- Excluding directories or files from being backed up.
Fwbackups’ free and open-source software is cross-platform and full of rich features. It’s simple and intuitive interface enables you to back up your files easily.
Learn how to install and use fwbackups for easy and automated backups from its user guide.
