当你打开它时，你的 Mac 屏幕上有一个闪烁的问号文件夹。您很困惑，不确定发生了什么，并且想知道该怎么做才能让图标从 Mac 屏幕上消失。本教程中的故障排除步骤应有助于解决问题。
如果Mac(Mac)的启动盘出现（临时或永久）问题，此文件夹将出现在屏幕上。这基本上意味着您的Mac无法从硬盘驱动器 ( HDD ) 或固态驱动器 ( SSD ) 定位或启动(SSD)Mac操作系统。
请注意，此问题的解决方案将取决于原因。但是，至少以下建议之一应该可以修复Mac闪烁文件夹错误。
1. 重启你的 Mac
重新启动您的Mac可以修复系统错误，导致闪烁的问题 mac 文件夹卡在您的Mac屏幕上。在启动系统重新启动之前，请拔下连接到Mac(Mac)的所有线缆、配件或外置驱动器（包括充电线缆）。
按住电源按钮约 10 秒钟。等待(Wait)MacBook完全关闭，等待一分钟，然后再次按下电源按钮。如果受影响的设备是Mac台式机（i Mac或Mac mini），请拔下电源线，等待至少 10 秒钟，重新连接电缆，然后重新打开Mac。
如果您的Mac(Mac)在重新启动后仍显示闪烁的文件夹，请跳至下面的故障排除修复程序。
2. 重置 Mac 的 NVRAM 或 PRAM
非易失性随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory)( NVRAM ) 是Mac计算机的存储组件，用于保存重要设置和信息。当您更改Mac的启动磁盘选择和其他基本系统设置（声音、显示、日期和时间、端口配置等）时，macOS 会将它们保存在NVRAM中。
NVRAM中存储的设置可能会因Mac的型号和连接到Mac的设备而异。如果Mac(Mac)的NVRAM在启动时显示问号文件夹、卡在黑屏上或出现其他奇怪的启动错误，则它可能已损坏。
幸运的是，有一种方法可以将 NVRAM 重置为出厂默认设置(reset the NVRAM to factory default)，这可以解决这些问题。执行NVRAM重置的步骤会因Mac的型号或世代而异。
- 按住Mac的电源按钮，直到屏幕熄灭。再等待(Wait)10 到 30 秒，让您的Mac完全关闭。
- 打开Mac（按下电源按钮）并立即按住Command + Option + P + R键。
- Mac启动时按住四个键。大约 20 秒后，当您的Mac显示Apple标志或播放第二次启动铃声时松开按键。
如果您的Mac在启动过程中不再显示问号文件夹，请确认您在 macOS启动磁盘(Startup Disk)设置中选择了正确的启动磁盘，以免错误再次发生。
- 进入系统偏好设置(System Preferences)>启动盘(Startup Disk)，选择左下角的锁形图标，然后输入你的Mac密码。如果您的Mac配备指纹扫描仪，您还可以使用Touch ID进行身份验证。(Touch ID)
- 重新选择 ( Macintosh HD ) 驱动器作为启动磁盘，然后选择重新启动(Restart)。
3. 以安全模式启动 Mac
登录项(Items)（即在启动期间与 macOS 一起加载的软件）有时会导致启动错误，例如问号文件夹。将 Mac 启动到安全模式(Booting your Mac into Safe Mode)有助于诊断和解决问题。
您如何启动到安全模式(Safe Mode)将取决于您的Mac的硬件/处理器配置。
将基于 Intel 的 Mac 引导至安全模式(Boot Intel-Based Mac into Safe Mode)
在带有问号文件夹的屏幕上，按住 Mac 的电源按钮(Power button)约 10 秒钟，直到它关闭。再等待(Wait)10 秒钟，按下电源按钮(Power button)并立即按住Shift 键(Shift key)。
当登录屏幕出现在 Mac 的显示屏上时，松开Shift键。(Shift)
将 Apple Silicon-Based Mac 引导至安全模式(Boot Apple Silicon-Based Mac into Safe Mode)
按住电源按钮(Power button)并等待Mac关机。等待 10 秒钟，再次按住电源按钮(Power button)，直到启动选项页面出现在屏幕上。
选择您的启动盘(startup disk)，按住Shift 键(Shift key)，然后在下一页上选择“以安全模式继续”。(Continue in Safe Mode)在登录屏幕上输入您的Mac密码以进入(Mac)安全模式(Safe Mode)。正常重新启动Mac并检查是否可以解决问题。
在安全模式(Safe Mode)启动过程中不会加载登录项。(Items)因此，如果您的Mac在(Mac)安全模式下(Safe Mode)正确启动，登录项可能是问号文件夹问题的根本原因。
4.删除登录项
禁用登录项(Login Items)还可以解决Mac笔记本电脑和台式机上的启动问题。如果退出安全模式(Safe Mode)后问题仍然存在，请再次启动进入安全模式(Safe Mode)并删除登录项(Login Items)（或启动应用程序）。
- 转到系统偏好设置(System Preferences)>用户和组(Users & Groups)，然后在侧边栏的“当前用户”部分中选择您的帐户。
- 前往登录项目(Login Items)选项卡，选择左下角的锁定图标并输入您的 Mac 密码。
制作一个登录项目(Login Items)列表，以便在禁用这些项目不能解决问题时将它们添加回来。
- 选择登录项目(Login Items)并选择remove/minus icon以将它们一个接一个地删除。
重新启动您的Mac并检查它现在是否在没有问号文件夹的情况下启动。如果是这样，请一次重新添加一个登录项目(Login Items one)，并在添加每个项目后重新启动您的Mac 。这将有助于确定导致启动问题的有问题的登录项(Login Item)。
5.运行磁盘工具修复
macOS 恢复环境中的“急救”工具可以诊断和修复(diagnose and repair disk errors)阻止 Mac 正确启动的磁盘错误。如果所有故障排除步骤都失败，请运行修复工具。
- 按住 Mac 的电源按钮约 10 秒钟，然后等待它完全关闭。
- 如果您的Mac使用基于 Intel 的处理器，请将其打开，然后立即按住键盘上的Command + R。继续按住这些键，直到您的Mac加载恢复助手(Recovery Assistant)或启动到恢复模式(Recovery Mode)。
对于配备 Apple 硅芯片组的Mac(Macs)，按住电源按钮，直到“启动选项(Startup Options)”窗口出现在屏幕上。选择选项(Options)并选择继续(Continue)以继续。
- 选择一个Mac用户帐户，然后选择下一步(Next)。输入帐户密码，然后再次选择下一步(Next)。
- 选择磁盘工具(Disk Utility)并选择继续(Continue)。
- 点击工具栏上的查看(View)。
- 从下拉选项中选择显示所有设备。(Show All Devices)
- 检查 Mac 启动磁盘的侧栏上的“内部”部分。从磁盘上的最后一个卷开始，对启动磁盘中的所有卷和容器运行急救修复。(First Aid)选择磁盘并选择工具栏上的急救(First Aid)。
- 在确认提示中选择运行。(Run)
磁盘工具(Disk Utility)完成检查或修复卷后，选择其上方的下一个卷，选择First Aid，然后选择Run。对磁盘中的所有卷和磁盘本身运行急救检查，然后重新启动(First Aid)Mac。
- 选择红色 x 图标(red x icon)以关闭“磁盘工具”窗口。
- 打开Apple 菜单(Apple menu)并选择重新启动(Restart)。
联系 Apple 支持
如前所述，问号文件夹图标也可能表示 Mac 硬盘永久损坏。如果这些故障排除建议都不能解决问题，请联系 Apple 支持(Contact Apple Support)或安排Genius Bar 天才吧预约。(Genius Bar)可能会检查您的 Mac 硬盘和其他组件是否存在硬件问题或物理损坏。
(Reinstall macOS)如果您无法将Mac送至Genius Bar或维修中心，请重新安装 macOS 。这样做会擦除Mac的硬盘，并且您将丢失重要数据。如果您能够解决问题，请确保使用“磁盘工具”或“时间机器”(Time Machine)备份您的 Mac(back up your Mac using Disk Utility)，以防止错误再次发生时数据丢失。
Seeing the Question Mark Folder on Mac? Here’s What To Do
There’s a flashіng question mark folder on your Mac’s screen when you turn іt оn. You’re puzzled, υnsure about what’s happening, and wondering whаt to do to get the icon off your Mac’s screen. The troubleshooting steps in this tutorial should help reѕolve the problem.
This folder will appear on the screen if there’s a (temporary or permanent) problem with your Mac’s startup disk. It basically means your Mac is unable to locate or boot the Mac operating system from the hard disk drive (HDD) or solid-state drive (SSD).
Note that the solution to this problem will depend on the cause. However, at least one of the recommendations below should fix the Mac flashing folder error.
1. Restart Your Mac
Rebooting your Mac can fix system errors causing the flashing question mac folder to get stuck on your Mac screen. Before initiating the system reboot, unplug any cable, accessory, or external drive connected to your Mac—including the charging cable.
Hold down the power button for about 10 seconds. Wait for your MacBook to shut down completely, wait for a minute, and press the power button again. If the affected device is a Mac desktop (iMac or Mac mini) unplug the power cable, wait for at least 10 seconds, reconnect the cable, and turn your Mac back on.
Jump to the troubleshooting fixes below if your Mac still displays the flashing folder after the reboot.
2. Reset Your Mac’s NVRAM or PRAM
The Non-Volatile Random Access Memory (NVRAM) is a storage component of Mac computers that keeps important settings and information. When you make changes to your Mac’s start-up disk selection and other basic system settings (sound, display, date and time, port configuration, etc.), your macOS saves them in the NVRAM.
The settings stored in the NVRAM may vary depending on your Mac’s model and devices connected to your Mac. Your Mac’s NVRAM is probably corrupt if it displays the question mark folder on start-up, gets stuck on a black screen, or exhibits other weird start-up errors.
Luckily, there’s a way to reset the NVRAM to factory default, and that could resolve these issues. The steps to perform an NVRAM reset will vary based on the model or generation of your Mac.
- Hold down your Mac’s power button until the screen goes off. Wait for 10 – 30 more seconds for your Mac to shut down completely.
- Turn on your Mac (press the power button) and immediately hold the Command + Option + P + R keys.
- Hold the four keys while your Mac boots up. Release the keys after about 20 seconds when your Mac displays the Apple logo or plays the second startup chime.
If your Mac no longer displays the question mark folder during start-up, confirm that you have the correct startup disk selected in the macOS Startup Disk settings so that the error doesn’t reoccur.
- Go to System Preferences > Startup Disk, select the lock icon in the bottom-left corner, and enter your Mac’s password. You can also authenticate using Touch ID if your Mac has a fingerprint scanner.
- Reselect the (Macintosh HD) drive as your startup disk and select Restart.
3. Start Mac in Safe Mode
Login Items (i.e. software that load alongside macOS during startup) can sometimes cause startup errors like the question mark folder. Booting your Mac into Safe Mode can help diagnose and troubleshoot the problem.
How you boot into Safe Mode will depend on the hardware/processor configuration of your Mac.
Boot Intel-Based Mac into Safe Mode
On the screen with the question mark folder, press and hold your Mac’s Power button for about 10 seconds until it shuts down. Wait for another 10 seconds, press the Power button and immediately press and hold the Shift key.
Release the Shift key when the login screen appears on your Mac’s display.
Boot Apple Silicon-Based Mac into Safe Mode
Press and hold the Power button and wait for your Mac to shut down. Wait 10 seconds, press and hold the Power button again until the startup options page comes on the screen.
Select your startup disk, press and hold the Shift key, and select Continue in Safe Mode on the next page. Enter your Mac’s password on the login screen to enter Safe Mode. Restart your Mac normally and check if that resolves the problem.
Login Items don’t load during the Safe Mode boot process. So, if your Mac boots correctly in Safe Mode, login items are likely the root cause of the question mark folder issue.
4. Remove Login Items
Disabling Login Items can also resolve startup problems on Mac notebooks and desktops. If the problem continues after exiting Safe Mode, boot into Safe Mode again and remove Login Items (or startup apps).
- Go to System Preferences > Users & Groups, and select your account in the “Current User” section on the sidebar.
- Head to the Login Items tab, select the lock icon in the bottom-left corner and enter your Mac’s password.
Make a list of the Login Items so you can add them back if disabling the items doesn’t resolve the problem.
- Select the Login Items and select the remove/minus icon to remove them one after another.
Restart your Mac and check if it now boots without the question mark folder. If so, re-add the Login Items one at a time and restart your Mac after adding each item. That will help determine the problematic Login Item responsible for the startup issue.
5. Run the Disk Utility Repair
The “First Aid” tool in the macOS recovery environment can diagnose and repair disk errors stopping your Mac from booting correctly. Run the repair tool if all troubleshooting steps prove abortive.
- Press and hold your Mac’s power button for about 10 seconds and wait for it to shut down completely.
- If your Mac uses an Intel-based processor, turn it on, and immediately press and hold Command + R on the keyboard. Keep holding the keys until your Mac loads the Recovery Assistant or boots into Recovery Mode.
For Macs with Apple’s silicon chipset, press and hold down the power button until the Startup Options window comes on the screen. Select Options and select Continue to proceed.
- Select a Mac user account and select Next. Enter the password for the account and select Next again.
- Select Disk Utility and select Continue.
- Tap View on the toolbar.
- Select Show All Devices from the drop-down options.
- Check the “Internal” section on the sidebar for your Mac’s startup disk. Run the First Aid repair on all volumes and containers in your startup disk, starting from the last volume on the disk. Select the disk and select First Aid on the toolbar.
- Select Run on the confirmation prompt.
When Disk Utility is done checking or repairing the volume, select the next volume above it, select First Aid, and select Run. Run the First Aid check on all volumes in the disks and the disk itself, then restart your Mac.
- Select the red x icon to close the Disk Utility window.
- Open the Apple menu and select Restart.
Contact Apple Support
As mentioned earlier, the question mark folder icon could also indicate permanent damage to your Mac’s hard drive. Contact Apple Support or schedule a Genius Bar appointment if none of these troubleshooting recommendations fixes the problem. Your Mac’s hard disk and other components will likely be examined for hardware issues or physical damages.
Reinstall macOS if you can’t get your Mac to a Genius Bar or repair center. Doing so will erase your Mac’s hard disk and you will lose important data. If you were able to resolve the problem, ensure you back up your Mac using Disk Utility or Time Machine to prevent data loss if the error ever reoccurs.
