在本文中，我们将介绍在Windows XP、Windows 7和Windows 8中对硬盘进行碎片整理。每隔一段时间对硬盘进行一次碎片整理非常重要，因为随着时间的推移，随着计算机读写大小文件，这些文件最终可能会被写入磁盘的非连续部分。当操作系统需要从磁盘读取信息时，它必须跳到磁盘的不同部分，从而减慢进程。
您可能已经注意到，当您第一次购买计算机时，它运行起来非常流畅和快速。但随着时间的推移，在您安装和卸载应用程序、下载音乐(download music)、删除视频等之后，计算机开始出现滞后和变慢。这是因为当磁盘最初是空的时，放在它上面的任何新数据都会写入一个连续的块中。因此，当操作系统(operating system)必须读取数据时，它可以在一个地方找到所有数据。
但最终，您卸载应用程序或删除一些音乐文件，这些空白区域现在位于其他数据之间。当新的东西写入磁盘时，它会填满这些不同的空白点，并在硬盘上分解成不同的部分。现在当计算机去读取数据时，它必须跳转到磁盘上的不同位置，显然需要更长的时间来加载数据。
运行Defrag 实用程序(Defrag utility)会将所有分离的文件合并为一个文件。它还将占用硬盘驱动器上的所有空闲空间并腾出一块空闲空间。这将使操作系统(operating system)更容易查找和加载数据。
在Windows XP中，您必须手动对计算机进行碎片整理，因为它太旧了，而且从未以这种方式设置。在Windows Vista、Windows 7和Windows 8中，硬盘驱动器会按计划自动进行维护。实际上，如果您安装了SSD(SSDs)（固态硬盘驱动器） ， Windows 7和Windows 8足够智能，可以真正关闭磁盘碎片整理。(disk defragmentation)在SSD(SSDs)上运行碎片整理实际上会缩短 SSD 的使用寿命(SSD)。
打开磁盘碎片整理实用程序(Open Disk Defrag Utility)
1. 进入碎片整理实用程序(Defrag utility)的最简单方法是右键单击桌面上的“我的电脑”(My Computer)图标，单击“管理(Manage)” ，然后单击“磁盘碎片整理程序(Disk Defragmenter)” 。
2. 您也可以通过单击开始(Start)-所有程序(All Programs)-附件( Accessories)-系统工具( System Tools)和磁盘碎片整理程序来访问( Disk Defragmenter)碎片整理实用(Defrag utility)程序。
3. 对于 Windows 8，只需转到开始屏幕(Start Screen)或打开超级(Charms)按钮栏，单击搜索(Search)，然后输入磁盘碎片整理程序(Disk Defragmenter)。
Windows XP 磁盘碎片整理程序
单击“分析(Analyze)”按钮以获取有关当前硬盘驱动器碎片量的报告。摘要报告将告诉您是否需要进行碎片整理。
您还应该注意，在对计算机进行碎片整理之前，应关闭所有程序，尤其是防火墙和防病毒程序。如果防病毒软件正在运行，碎片整理程序(Defragmenter)将不断重新启动，因为该软件会不断访问硬盘驱动器上的文件，而这些文件可能是碎片整理程序试图移动的。
作为一种好的做法，您应该尝试每月对计算机进行一次碎片整理。如果您大量使用计算机进行大量大文件的数据传输，则建议每月传输一次以上。
以下是Windows XP(Windows XP)上碎片整理实用程序的一些限制：
• 它只能对本地卷进行碎片整理。
• 它一次只能对一个卷进行碎片整理。
• 它不能在扫描另一个卷时对一个卷进行碎片整理。
• 无法安排。如果您需要安排磁盘碎片整理(disk defragmentation)，请使用Defrag.exe 命令(Defrag.exe command) 行工具(line tool)。
碎片整理将使您的XP 计算机(XP computer)运行顺畅和快速。当然，你真的根本不应该再使用 XP，但如果你被公司计算机困住或有其他原因不得不运行 XP，那么请确保每月至少对其进行一次碎片整理。
Windows 7和Windows 8 磁盘碎片整理程序(Disk Defragmenter)
在Windows 7中，您可以通过单击“开始”按钮(Start button)并搜索它来访问磁盘碎片整理程序。
正如您在下面看到的，用户界面(user interface)与 XP 中的完全不同。事实上，当您单击分析磁盘(Analyze Disk)时，他们完全删除了磁盘的图形表示。相反，它只是进行分析并显示碎片化的百分比。
默认情况下，碎片整理安排在每周的凌晨 1 点进行，因此只要您不每晚关闭计算机，您的硬盘驱动器就会自动进行碎片整理，而无需您执行任何操作。在Windows 8中，界面略有不同，它不再被称为Disk Defragmenter，而是现在称为Optimize Drives。
同样，它每周安排一次，除非您手动运行优化，否则您实际上不需要更改任何内容。
来源： http: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/314848
Defragmenting Your Hard Drive in Windows XP/7/8
In this article, we’re going to cover defragmentіng hard drives in Windows XP, Windows 7 and Windows 8. Defraggіng your hard drive every onсe in a while is verу important because оver time as your computer reads and writes small and largе files, the files may еnd υp being written onto non-consecutive parts of the disk. When the OЅ needs to read іnformation from the diѕk, it’ll have to ѕkip around to diffеrent parts of the disk, thereby slowing the process down.
You may have noticed that when you first buy your computer, it runs very smoothly and quickly. But over time, after you install and uninstall applications, download music, delete videos, etc, the computer begins to lag behind and becomes slow. This is because when the disk is initially empty, any new data put on it is written in a single contiguous block. So when the operating system has to read the data, it can find it all in one place.
Eventually though, you uninstall an application or delete some music files and those empty areas are now in between other pieces of data. When something new is written to the disk, it fills up these various empty spots and gets broken up into separate parts on the hard disk. Now when the computer goes to read the data, it has to jump to different positions on the disk and it obviously takes longer to load the data.
Running the Defrag utility will take all the files that are separated and join them back into one piece. It will also take all the free empty spots on the hard drive and make one block of free space. This will make it much easier for the operating system to find and load the data.
In Windows XP, you have to manually defrag your computer because it’s so old and was never setup that way. In Windows Vista, Windows 7 and Windows 8, the hard drives are automatically taken care of on a schedule. Actually, Windows 7 and Windows 8 are smart enough to actually turn off disk defragmentation if you have SSDs (solid state hard drives) installed. Running defrag on SSDs will actually reduce the life of an SSD.
Open Disk Defrag Utility
1. The easiest way to get to the Defrag utility is to go to right click on the My Computer icon on the desktop, click Manage and then to click Disk Defragmenter.
2. You can also get to the Defrag utility by click on Start – All Programs – Accessories – System Tools and Disk Defragmenter.
3. For Windows 8, simply go to the Start Screen or open the Charms bar, click on Search and then type in Disk Defragmenter.
Windows XP Disk Defragmenter
Click on the Analyze button to get a report of how much of your hard drive is currently fragmented. The summary report will tell you whether or not you need to defragment.
You should also note that before you defrag the computer, all programs should be closed, especially firewalls and anti-virus programs. Defragmenter will continuously restart if anti-virus software is running because the software continually accesses files on the hard drive which the defragmenting program may be trying to move.
As a good practice, you should try to defrag your computer once a month. If you use your computer heavily with lots of data transfers of large files, then more than once a month would be advisable.
Here are some of the limitations of the defragment utility on Windows XP:
• It can defragment only local volumes.
• It can defragment only one volume at a time.
• It cannot defragment one volume while it is scanning another.
• It cannot be scheduled. If you need to schedule disk defragmentation, use the Defrag.exe command line tool.
Defragging will keep your XP computer running smooth and fast. Of course, you really shouldn’t be using XP anymore at all, but if you’re stuck with a corporate computer or have some other reason for having to run XP, then make sure you defrag it at least once a month.
Windows 7 & Windows 8 Disk Defragmenter
In Windows 7, you can get to disk defragmenter by clicking on the Start button and searching for it.
As you can see below, the user interface is completely different than the one in XP. As a matter of fact, they completely removed the graphical representation of the disk when you click Analyze Disk. Instead it just does the analysis and shows the percent fragmented.
By default, defragmentation is scheduled once a week at 1 AM, so as long as you don’t turn off your computer every night, your hard drives will be defragmented without you having to do anything. in Windows 8, the interface is slightly different and instead of being called Disk Defragmenter, it’s now called Optimize Drives.
Again, it’s scheduled on a weekly basis and there is really nothing you need to change unless you manually want to run an optimization.
Source: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/314848
