对计算机了解不多的人往往认为计算机内存(computer memory)只有一两种，但事实并非如此。事实上，有几种类型，每种类型的工作方式都略有不同。
计算机中的内存类型
但是，任何计算机内存的主要用例都是在处理数据之前安全地保存数据。现在，本文背后的想法是解释您可能在各种形状和大小的计算机中找到的不同类型的内存：
- 硬盘驱动器(Disk Drive)( HDD ) 或固态驱动器(Drive)( SSD )
- 闪存
- 内存
- 只读存储器
- 磁带机
让我们更详细地讨论这个话题。
1]硬盘驱动器(Hard Disk Drive)( HDD ) 或固态驱动器(Drive)( SSD )
当涉及到常见的计算机内存时，硬盘驱动器可能位于列表的顶部。如果您想长期存储数据，那么硬盘驱动器或固态驱动器(solid-state drive)是最好的选择之一。
由于其旋转运动， HDD(HDD)更像是一张唱片。它有一个头部和几条在不同点接触的手臂。当驱动器的磁头位于特定位置时，信息或数据要么从硬盘驱动器中删除，要么正在写入。
在SSD(SSDs)方面，它们在某些方面与HDD相同。(HDDs)它们旨在存储信息，但主要区别在于缺少移动部件。它没有头部和手臂，而是依靠集成电路来持久存储数据。
更不用说，它们基于闪存(Flash Memory)，这意味着SSD(SSDs)总是比HDD(HDDs)快。但是，我们认为它们的寿命不同。如果您在需要写入和删除数据的计算机上进行大量工作，则将高速HDD用于大多数任务，将SSD(SSDs)用于最重要的任务。
阅读(Read)：混合驱动器与 SSD 与 HDD(Hybrid Drive vs SSD vs HDD)。
2]闪存
闪存(Flash)已经存在了很长时间，如上所述，这是固态(Solid State)驱动器所基于的技术。这种内存的有趣之处在于它的工作原理类似于RAM，但它的不同之处在于即使没有电源也能保持数据安全。
闪存(Flash Memory)最大的问题是它们的速度不是那么快，但速度足以在旅途中传输文件。
3] 内存
对于知识有限的人来说，RAM 代表 Random Access Memory，而且速度很快。这些类型的内存能够随时访问数据，相反，它们以多种方式像磁带一样工作。
由于RAM(RAMs)是电子的，与硬盘驱动器相比，它们不包含移动部件，这意味着它们更可靠。但是，我们应该指出，虽然RAM可以存储信息，但它只是暂时的。
阅读(Read)： RAM和ROM有什么区别(What is the difference between RAM and ROM)？
4] 只读存储器
好的，所以ROM意味着 Read-only Memory，虽然它可能听起来像RAM，但它的工作方式不同。你看，ROM不会在有限的时间内将内容保存在内存中，而是永远保存。任何内容都无法编辑或删除。
此外，个人电脑内部的ROM往往带有一个小电池，因此，只要电池供电，电脑就应该能够随时启动。
现在，有几种不同类别的 RAM：
- 可编程 ROM (PROM)：(Programmable ROM (PROM):)此ROM旨在存储程序，其内容无法擦除。
- 可擦除 PROM (EPROM)：可擦除 EPROM(Erasable PROM (EPROM):)的(EPROM)内容，但只能通过紫外光擦除。
- 电 EPROM (EEPROM)：(Electrically EPROM (EEPROM):)保存在 EEPROM 中的文件只有在充电时才能被删除。
阅读(Read)：RAM内存和硬盘驱动器有什么区别？
5]磁带驱动器
您可能以前没有听说过磁带机(Tape Drives)，但根据一句老话，凡事都有第一次。
因此，磁带机(Tape Drives)的工作原理与磁带或录音带类似。它们包含色带和勺子，借助色带的极性保存数据。
您可能不会在家中找到磁带机(Tape Drive)，因为它们主要用于大中型企业。这样做的原因是因为它们耐用且稳定，因此非常适合长期存储重要文件。
就是这个话题。
有趣的阅读(Interesting read)：微软硬件产品历史(Microsoft Hardware Products History)。
What are the Types of Memory in a computer?
People who do not have a lot of knowledge aboυt computers tend to believe there are only one or two types of computer memory, but that is not the case at all. In fact, there are several types, and each works a little differently from the other.
Types of memory in a computer
However, the primary use cases for any computer memory are to safe keep data before they are processed. Now, the idea behind this article is to explain the different types of memory you might find in computers of all shapes and sizes:
- Hard Disk Drive (HDD) or Solid-State Drive (SSD)
- Flash Memory
- RAM
- ROM
- Tape Drives
Let us discuss this topic in more detail.
1] Hard Disk Drive (HDD) or Solid-State Drive (SSD)
When it comes down to common computer memory, the hard disk drive is likely at the top of the list. If you want to store data for the long haul, then a hard disk drive, or solid-state drive, is one of the best options to choose from.
An HDD is more like a record due to its spinning motion. It has a head and a few arms that touch at different points. When the head of the drive is at a particular location, information or data is either being deleted from the hard drive or being written.
In terms of SSDs, they are the same as HDDs in some respects. They are designed to store information, but the major difference is the lack of moving parts. Instead of having a head and arms, it relies on an integrated circuit to store data persistently.
Not to mention, they are based on Flash Memory, which means, SSDs will always be faster than HDDs. However, we believe they do not have the same longevity. If you do a lot of work on your computer where you are required to write and delete data, then use a fast HDD for most tasks and SSDs for the most important ones.
Read: Hybrid Drive vs SSD vs HDD.
2] Flash Memory
Flash memory has been around for a long time, and as stated above, this is the technology Solid State Drives are based on. What’s interesting with this type of memory is the fact that it works similar to RAM, but what sets it apart is its ability to keep data safe even if there is no power.
The biggest problem with Flash Memory is that they’re not that fast, but fast enough for transferring files on the go.
3] RAM
For those with limited knowledge, RAM stands for Random Access Memory, and they are fast. These types of memory are capable of accessing data at any time, and reversely, they work like tapes in more ways than one.
Because RAMs are electronic, they do not contain moving parts when compared to hard drives, which means, they are more reliable. However, we should point out that while RAM can store information, it only does so temporarily.
Read: What is the difference between RAM and ROM?
4] ROM
OK, so ROM means Read-only Memory, and while it may sound like RAM, it does not work in the same way. You see, ROM does not keep contents in memory for a limited time, but rather forever. Whatever is there cannot be edited or removed.
Additionally, a ROM inside of a personal computer tends to come with a small battery, therefore, the computer should be able to boot at any time as long as the battery is powered.
Now, there are several different categories of RAM:
- Programmable ROM (PROM): This ROM is designed to store programs and its contents cannot be erased.
- Erasable PROM (EPROM): The contents of EPROM can be erased, but only via UV light.
- Electrically EPROM (EEPROM): Files saved on an EEPROM can only be deleted if exposed to an electrical charge.
Read: What is the difference between RAM memory and Hard Drive?
5] Tape Drives
You may not have heard of Tape Drives before, but there is a first time for everything, according to an old saying.
So, Tape Drives work similarly to tapes or audio cassettes. They contain ribbons and spoons, which is where the data is saved with help of the ribbon’s polarity.
You probably won’t find Tape Drive within the home because they are primarily used within medium to large size businesses. The reason for this is because they are durable and stable, therefore, perfect for the long-term storing of important files.
That’s it on this subject.
Interesting read: Microsoft Hardware Products History.
