隐私时代似乎即将结束，但这并不意味着您应该自愿放弃所有信息。然而，这就是成千上万的人每天扔掉一台旧电脑时所做的事情。
该硬盘驱动器，即使您认为它仍然无法工作，也可以从中收集所有数据。
你能做些什么来确保你的纳税申报表、社会安全号码和所有银行信息对电子回收站的坏人来说是不可用的？这就是我们今天要研究的内容。
首先备份它
我们将宣讲它，直到整个世界都悔改。如果可能，请确保从旧硬盘备份所需的所有数据。
我们有关于如何使用 Linux 救援磁盘从死硬盘中检索文件的(how to retrieve files from dead hard drives using Linux rescue disks)文章。我们有一篇关于如何使用外部硬盘驱动器坞站从死硬盘恢复数据的(how to use an external hard drive dock to recover data from a dead hard drive)文章。我们甚至有一篇关于如何恢复意外删除的文件的文章。
没有任何借口。备份您的数据。
做它(Defense Style)国防部(Department)风格
如果有人要知道如何使某些东西完全无用，那将是那些使用条例作为他们工具包的一部分的人。是的，优秀的老军队。
就像军队中的任何东西一样，有一个数据销毁标准以及一个决策流程图。
美国
国防部(Department)( DoD ) 曾经有(Defense)过(DoD)自己的标准，但他们遵循了美国国家科学技术(Science)研究院((Technology) NIST )(NIST)制定的标准。
国防部(DoD)和无数其他政府组织遵循NIST特别出版物 800-88，修订版 1，媒体清理指南(NIST Special Publication 800-88, Revision 1, Guidelines for Media Sanitization)。
该指南列出了他们所说的三个级别的数据销毁或清理。
清除(Clear)
清除数据意味着使用逻辑方法使数据难以恢复。简而言之(Simply)，这意味着使用某种程序来擦除硬盘驱动器上的数据。
明确的方法(The Clear Method )——来自指南——
“Overwrite media by using organizationally approved and validated overwriting technologies/methods/tools. The Clear procedure should consist of at least one pass of writes with a fixed data value, such as all zeros. Multiple passes or more complex values may optionally be used.”
您可以通过使用 Linux 实时磁盘执行零填充来执行(performing a zero fill using a Linux live disk)此类操作。
清除(Purge)
清除是清除的一个步骤。它包括使用上述逻辑方法和物理方法来使数据难以恢复。即使是拥有数据恢复实验室和所有花哨设备的人也很难做到。
清除方法：(The Purge Method:)指南有点罗嗦，所以我们将总结一下。
执行清除(Clear)方法。然后进行加密擦除，用全零或伪随机模式覆盖。这样做几次。然后用非常强的电磁铁击打它，也称为消磁器。
或者拆开硬盘驱动器，在里面的每个盘片或磁盘上运行强磁铁。老实说，这比它的价值更多。这时候，你不妨去全灭。
破坏(Destroy)
是的，这是数据被抹去的水平，硬盘驱动器完全无用，除了废金属和现代艺术项目。
销毁方法——(The Destroy Method – )来自指南——
“Shred, Disintegrate, Pulverize, or Incinerate by burning the device in a licensed incinerator.”
那么我们如何安全地“切碎(Shred)、分解(Disintegrate)、粉碎(Pulverize)或焚烧……(Incinerate…) ”硬盘呢？
最安全的方法是将其带到专门从事数据销毁的公司。销毁硬盘的成本因公司和方法而异，但大约 70 美元并非不合理。如果你能想象坏人可以用你的身份做什么，这是一种廉价的保险。
信誉良好的公司将拥有完整的监管链文件，以确保您的硬盘已被销毁。但是，我们已经看过很多
CSI剧集，所以我们知道有时证据会丢失。
我们建议您要求将其销毁，以便您可以完全确定它已经消失。另外，这真的很有趣！
数据(Data)
销毁专业人员使用多种方法。穿刺、粉碎、剪切和实际切碎是最流行的方法。通过酸进行焚烧或破坏远不那么受欢迎，因为它们对人类和环境都有其自身的危害。
我可以自己销毁硬盘吗？
请注意，我们不(NOT )建议您自己破坏硬盘驱动器。即使有适当的个人防护设备 ( PPE ) 和良好的家用工具，对自己造成伤害的风险也很大。
不要(Do NOT)试图自己破坏硬盘。这太危险了。
但是，有些人通过戴上PPE（例如面罩和护目镜）、防护车间围裙、手套，甚至可能还有一些护耳器来做到这一点，然后销毁硬盘驱动器。
钻硬盘
有些人拿了一个高质量的电钻或钻床，以及一个高速钢或钴钻头，并在硬盘驱动器外壳和里面的盘片上打了多个孔。
它可能非常嘈杂，碎片可能会飞散。有可能打破钻头并让它飞起来。人们已经这样做了，但你不应该这样做。
更危险的是，有些人用大钉子用锤子将它们穿过硬盘驱动器。那也可以解决问题。不过，完全不安全。
粉碎硬盘
用汽车驾驶硬盘驱动器并不是粉碎它的有效方法。用压路机碾过它。但是谁家有压路机呢？
在家压碎硬盘驱动器的人使用能够产生大量力的液压机这样做。不是每个人都有这些，但如果他们有一个经常在汽车上工作的朋友，他们可能会使用他们的印刷机。
如果没有压力机，也可以使用一个很好的旧 5 磅大锤。这会导致很多尖锐的东西飞起来。为了防止这种情况发生，有些人在假装是雷神(Thor)之前将硬盘驱动器放在坚固的布袋中。
焚烧硬盘
硬盘驱动器被扔进已经燃烧了很长时间的篝火中并没有闻所未闻。这样做既不明智也不安全。硬盘驱动器中有有毒物质，所以你不希望它被释放到大气中。我们恳求你，不要这样做。
使用喷灯焚烧硬盘可能更具风险。这需要您直接处理手电筒和硬盘。这根本不安全，永远不应该这样做。
拆开硬盘(Hard Drive Apart)并粉碎(Smash)盘片
有些人有一把T7x50mm螺丝刀并用它从硬盘盒上卸下螺丝。然后，他们使用锤子和小撬棒，将撬棒敲入箱子的缝隙中并撬开。
一旦箱子打开，他们就会取出盘片并用锤子敲击它们，或者踩在它们上面并在坚硬的表面上擦伤，将盘片刮到无用的地步。同样(Again)，不要这样做。
不过，看看硬盘的内部还是很有趣的，里面有一些强大的稀土磁铁，玩起来很有趣，但不安全。
外卖
如果你没有从中得到任何其他东西，请随身携带这种智慧。
- (Backup)从您正在处理的硬盘中备份数据。
- 通过使用专业的数据销毁公司，(Make)确保硬盘驱动器对任何人都完全无法操作。
- 不要试图亲自破坏硬盘驱动器，但要在YouTube上观看人们破坏硬盘驱动器的视频。他们非常有趣！
How To Safely Destroy An Old Hard-Drive
The аge of privacy appearѕ to be cоmіng to an end, but that doesn’t mean you should willingly give up all your information. Yet that’s whаt thousands of people do everyday when theу throw out an old computer.
That hard drive, even if you don’t think it still works, can have all the data harvested off of it.
What can you do to make sure your tax returns, social security number, and all that banking information is unusable to the baddie scrounging at the electronics recycling depot? That’s what we’re going to look at today.
Back It Up First
We’ll preach it until the whole world is converted. Make sure you back up all the data you need from that old hard drive if at all possible.
We’ve got articles on how to retrieve files from dead hard drives using Linux rescue disks. We’ve got an article on how to use an external hard drive dock to recover data from a dead hard drive. We’ve even got an article on how to recover accidentally deleted files.
There’s no excuse. Back up your data.
Doing It Department Of Defense Style
If anyone is going to know how to render something completely useless, it’s going to be the people that use ordinance as part of their toolkit. Yes, the good old military.
Like anything in the military there is a standard for data destruction as well as a decision-making flowchart.
The
Department of Defense (DoD) did have their own standard at one time,
but they have deferred to the standard set out by the National
Institute of Science and Technology (NIST).
The DoD, and countless other government organizations, follow NIST Special Publication 800-88, Revision 1, Guidelines for Media Sanitization.
The guidelines lay out three levels of data destruction or sanitization as they call it.
Clear
To clear the data means to use logical methods to render the data hard to recover. Simply put, it means using some sort of program to erase the data on the hard drive.
The Clear Method – from the guidelines –
“Overwrite media by using organizationally approved and validated overwriting technologies/methods/tools. The Clear procedure should consist of at least one pass of writes with a fixed data value, such as all zeros. Multiple passes or more complex values may optionally be used.”
You could do something like this by performing a zero fill using a Linux live disk.
Purge
Purging is a step up from clearing. It includes using logical methods, like above, and physical methods to make it hard to recover data. It has to make it hard for even someone with a data recovery lab with all the fancy equipment.
The Purge Method: The guidelines are a bit wordy, so we’ll summarize.
Do the Clear method. Then do a cryptographic erase, which overwrites with all zeros or a pseudorandom pattern. Do this several times. Then hit it with a very strong electromagnet, also known as a degausser.
Or take the hard drive apart and run the strong magnet over each of the platters, or disks, inside. Honestly, this is more work than it’s worth. At this point, you may as well go full destroy.
Destroy
Yes, this is the level where the data is obliterated and the hard drive is rendered completely useless for anything but scrap metal and modern art projects.
The Destroy Method – from the guidelines –
“Shred, Disintegrate, Pulverize, or Incinerate by burning the device in a licensed incinerator.”
So how do we safely “Shred, Disintegrate, Pulverize, or Incinerate…” a hard drive?
The
safest way is to take it to a company that specializes in data
destruction. The cost to have the hard drive destroyed varies by
company and method, but somewhere around $70 is not unreasonable.
It’s cheap insurance if you can imagine what the bad guy could do
with your identity.
Reputable
companies will have full chain of custody documentation to ensure
that your hard drive was destroyed. But still, we’ve seen to many
CSI episodes so we know that sometimes evidence just goes missing.
We
recommend that you ask to see it be destroyed so that you can be
completely certain it is gone. Plus, it’s really entertaining!
Data
destruction professionals use a variety of methods. Puncturing,
crushing, shearing, and actual shredding are the most popular
methods. Incineration or destruction via acid are far less popular as
they have their own hazards, both to people and the environment.
Can I Destroy a Hard Drive Myself?
Pay attention, we do NOT recommend destroying a hard drive yourself. Even with proper personal protective equipment (PPE) and good home tools, the risk of injury to yourself is too much.
Do NOT attempt to destroy a hard drive yourself. It is too dangerous.
However,
some people have done it by putting on PPE like a face shield and
goggles, a protective shop apron, gloves, and maybe even some ear
defenders and then destroyed the hard drive.
Drilling The Hard Drive
Some people have taken a high quality power drill or drill press, and a high-speed-steel or cobalt drill bit and made multiple punctures right through the hard drive casing and the platters inside.
It could be very noisy, and pieces could go flying. It’s possible to break the drill bit and have that go flying too. People have done it, but you should not.
Even
riskier, some have taken large nails and driven them through the hard
drive with a hammer. That would do the trick too. Completely unsafe,
though.
Crushing The Hard Drive
Driving over the hard drive with a car is not an effective way to crush it. Driving over it with a steamroller is. But who has a steamroller at home?
People who have crushed a hard drive at home have done so using hydraulic presses capable of generating tons of force. Not everyone has one of these but if they had a friend who works on cars a lot, they might have used their press.
If
a press isn’t available, a good old 5 pound sledge hammer has been
used as well. This causes lots of sharp things to go flying. To help
prevent that, some people have put the hard drive in a sturdy cloth
bag, before pretending to be Thor.
Incinerating The Hard Drive
It’s
not unheard of for a hard drive to get tossed into a bonfire that’s
been burning a long time with a bed of white hot coals. It is not
wise or safe to do this. There’s toxic materials in a hard drive,
so you don’t want that being released into the atmosphere. We
implore you, do not do this.
Possibly
even riskier is using a blow torch to incinerate the hard drive. This
requires you to directly handle a torch and the hard drive. This is
not safe at all and should never be done.
Take The Hard Drive Apart & Smash The Platters
There are folks who have a T7x50mm screwdriver and used that to remove the screws from the hard drive case. Then, using a hammer and a small pry bar, they have tapped the pry bar into gaps in the case and pried it open.
Once the case is open, they would remove the platters and hammer them or step on them and scuff them around a hard surface, scraping the platters to the point of uselessness. Again, do not do this.
It
is interesting to see the insides of a hard drive though, and there
are some powerful rare earth magnets inside that are fun, but unsafe,
to play with.
The Takeaway
If you get nothing else from this, take this wisdom with you.
- Backup data from hard drives you are disposing of.
- Make sure the hard drive is completely and utterly rendered inoperable to anyone by using a professional data destruction company.
- Do not try to physically destroy the hard drive yourself, but do watch videos of people destroying hard drives on YouTube. They are very entertaining!
