如果您刚刚升级您的 PC(upgraded your PC)并希望将Windows 10迁移到新硬盘，则必须考虑您的选择。这是初学者可能会遇到的一项工作，但并非必须如此 - 您只需弄清楚如何将文件从 A 移动到 B 并确保Windows将从您的新驱动器启动。
有几种方法可以做到这一点。您可以创建一个新的系统映像(create a new system image)以从一个相同大小的驱动器迁移到另一个驱动器。或者，您可以考虑克隆硬盘(cloning your hard drive)以复制您的安装，尤其是在您的驱动器大小不同的情况下。这是您开始该过程所需要做的事情。
在将 Windows 10 移动到新硬盘之前(Before You Move Windows 10 to a New Hard Drive)
在考虑将Windows 10转移到新硬盘之前，您应该考虑备份您的基本文件(backing up your essential files)，而与您创建的任何新系统映像无关。
虽然此过程不应影响您的原始驱动器和文件，但如果您在此过程中不小心覆盖了初始驱动器，则可能会导致数据丢失。为确保您的数据安全，您应始终使用便携式媒体（如USB驱动器）或在线云存储(online cloud storage)对文件进行独立备份。
备份基本文件后，您将有两个选项可供考虑。将Windows 10移动到新硬盘驱动器的过程取决于您是移动到同等或更大尺寸(equivalent or larger size)的驱动器，还是驱动器更小(smaller)，因为该过程会有所不同。
如果您要从传统驱动器迁移到混合驱动器或固态驱动器，这并不重要，因为只有驱动器本身的大小很重要。如果您要迁移到同等或更大尺寸的驱动器，您可以使用 Windows 自己的内置系统映像工具自由创建系统映像来克隆您的驱动器。
但是，如果您要移动到比原始驱动器更小的驱动器，您将无法使用此方法，因为Windows将在重新映像过程中显示错误。相反，您需要使用第三方工具将Windows 10传输到新硬盘驱动器，以便您将文件成功复制到较小的驱动器。(Windows 10)
创建新系统映像以将 Windows 迁移到同等或更大尺寸的驱动器(Create a New System Image to Migrate Windows to Drives of Equivalent or Larger Size)
如果您想将Windows 10迁移到与原版同等大小或更大的硬盘驱动器，最好的方法是使用 Windows 自己的系统映像工具。这将允许您将原始驱动器完全复制到新驱动器。
需要强调的是，此方法仅在您使用同等或更大尺寸的驱动器时才有效。如果它更小，您需要按照以下步骤使用第三方工具。
- 首先，您需要为您的Windows安装创建一个新的系统映像。为此，请右键单击“开始(Start)”菜单并选择“设置”(Settings)选项。
- 在设置(Settings)菜单中，选择更新和安全(Update & Security )>备份。(Backup. )在备份(Backup )菜单中，选择转到备份和还原 (Windows 7)(Go to Backup and Restore (Windows 7) )选项，该选项列在查找较旧的备份？(Looking for an older backup? )类别。
- 在较旧的控制面板(Control Panel)窗口中，选择左侧菜单中可见的创建系统映像选项。(Create a system image)确保(Make)此时连接外部驱动器（例如外部USB硬盘驱动器），除非您计划使用网络位置来存储系统映像（例如网络连接的存储设备(network attached storage device)）。
- 将打开一个新的创建系统映像(Create a system image)菜单并自动开始扫描合适的外部驱动器或网络位置以存储系统映像。如果您使用的是便携式硬盘驱动器，请从“在硬盘上(On a hard disk)”下拉菜单中选择此项。如果您使用的是网络存储位置，请选择在网络位置(On a network location)选项，然后在您的网络上选择一个合适的位置来存储文件。选择下一步(Next)继续。
- Windows 将确认驱动器上将复制到新系统映像的分区。选择开始备份(Start backup)开始。
- 允许系统映像创建过程完成。完成后，Windows会询问您是否要创建新的系统修复盘。这样做可能是个好主意，尤其是当您设法在此过程中损坏了 MBR 或 GPT 引导文件(corrupt your MBR or GPT boot files)时。但是，您可以选择是(Yes )或否(No)继续。
创建新系统映像后，您就可以在新驱动器上使用它了。在此阶段，将新硬盘连接到 PC 并移除现有硬盘。您还可以保留现有硬盘驱动器并对其进行格式化(format it)，以便将其重新用作辅助存储驱动器。
使用系统映像将 Windows 移动到新硬盘(Use a System Image to Move Windows to a New Hard Drive)
准备好现有驱动器的新系统映像后，您可以使用该映像在新硬盘驱动器上创建Windows安装的完整副本。(Windows)正如我们之前提到的，只有当新驱动器的大小与以前的系统驱动器相同或更大时，您才能执行此操作。
- 首先，使用便携式USB记忆棒或DVD插入您的 Windows 安装介质(insert your Windows installation media)。插入后，启动您的 PC 并确保您的BIOS或UEFI设置将该驱动器优先于任何其他驱动器。出现Windows安装菜单后，选择Next，然后选择左下角的Repair your computer 。
- 在高级选项(Advanced Options)菜单中，选择故障排除(Troubleshoot )>系统映像恢复(System Image Recovery)。
- Windows 应在重新映像计算机(Re-image your computer )菜单中自动检测外部硬盘驱动器上的系统映像。如果没有，请选择选择系统映像(Select a system image )选项以手动定位它。否则(Otherwise)，请选择使用最新的可用系统映像（推荐）(Use the latest available system image (recommended))选项，然后选择下一步(Next )继续。
- 使用新的系统映像，您的新硬盘驱动器将使用与以前驱动器相同的分区进行格式化。如果要先排除任何分区，请选择排除磁盘(Exclude disks)并取消选中它们。否则，选择下一步(Next )继续。
- 选择完成(Finish )>是(Yes)开始磁盘映像过程，这需要一些时间才能完成。此过程完成后，选择立即重新启动(Restart Now)以启动您的 PC。此时您可以移除Windows安装驱动器或磁盘，并且您可能还需要更改BIOS/UEFI设置以确保选择新驱动器作为第一个引导磁盘。
如果您已将文件复制到相同大小的新驱动器，则在此阶段您无需执行任何其他操作 - Windows 将正常启动，您可以继续使用您的 PC。但是，如果您已将驱动器克隆到更大尺寸的驱动器，则可能需要采取额外的步骤来利用额外的空间。
使用系统映像后调整系统分区大小(Resize the System Partition After Using a System Image)
系统映像会完全克隆您的驱动器，将先前驱动器上的所有可用分区重新创建为与原始分区完全相同的大小。如果您使用系统映像将Windows移动到更大的硬盘驱动器，则需要调整系统分区 (C:) 的大小以利用新驱动器上的所有可用空间。
- 为此，请在新驱动器上启动Windows并登录。右键单击(Right-click)“开始(Start)”菜单并选择“磁盘管理(Disk Management)”选项。
- 在磁盘管理(Disk Management)菜单中，右键单击您的系统分区 (C:)，然后选择扩展卷(Extend Volume)。
- 在Extend Volume Wizard菜单中，选择Next，然后确保在Select the amount of space in MB框中选择了附加空间量（相当于(Select the amount of space in MB)Maximum available space in MB框中的数字）。选择下一步(Next)继续。
- 确认详细信息正确，然后选择完成(Finish)以完成该过程。
片刻之后，您的系统分区将扩展为包含驱动器上的额外空间，确保所有可用驱动器空间都可用。
使用第三方软件将 Windows 10 转移到不同大小的硬盘驱动器(Transfer Windows 10 to a Different Sized Hard Drive Using Third-Party Software)
使用新系统映像克隆硬盘仍然是将Windows 10迁移到新硬盘的最佳方式。不幸的是，如果您要从较大的驱动器移动到较小的驱动器，则此过程不起作用，因此您需要使用第三方软件来复制Windows。
这种方法存在各种工具，但一个好的（免费）选择是使用Macrium Reflect Free。Macrium Reflect的免费版本允许您将Windows安装从较大的驱动器克隆到较小的驱动器，并在此过程中调整分区表的大小。如果您愿意，也可以使用它来将Windows克隆到更大的驱动程序。
在执行这些步骤之前，请确保现有硬盘驱动器和新硬盘驱动器都已连接到您的 PC 并且可以在Windows中检测到。
- 首先，从Macrium Reflect网站下载并安装(Home Use)(download and install the Home Use version)Macrium Reflect Free的家用版本。安装后，运行软件并确保选中包含系统分区 (C:) 的磁盘旁边的复选框。选择后，选择其下方的克隆此磁盘(Clone this disk )选项。
- 在克隆(Clone )菜单中，通过选择目标(Destination)部分中的选择要克隆到的磁盘(Select a disk to clone to)选项来选择新的（较小的）驱动器。
- 选择新磁盘后，您需要首先在“目标”(Destination)类别中选择它们，然后选择“删除现有分区(Delete Existing partition)”选项来删除驱动器上的所有现有分区。
- 删除新驱动器上的所有现有分区后，将驱动器上的每个分区（不包括系统 C: 分区）从源(Source)类别拖放到目标(Destination)类别。最后保留系统分区 (C:)，将该分区拖放到目标(Destination)类别。
- 如果您的新驱动器小于原始驱动器，Macrium Reflect将自动调整您的系统分区大小以使用新驱动器上的剩余空间。(Reflect)如果您想更改 C: 分区的大小（或者您正在使用更大的驱动器，因此希望调整它的大小以用完额外的空间），请先在目标(Destination)类别中选择它，然后选择克隆分区属性(Cloned Partition Properties)选项。
- 在“分区属性(Partition Properties)”菜单中，使用“分区大小(Partition Size )”框调整分区大小。如果您使用的是更大的驱动器，请确保可用空间(Free Space)框达到0 MB，以确保您正在利用所有可用空间。选择确定(OK)以确认更改。
- 选择完成(Finish)以确认您的克隆选项。
- 在接下来出现的“备份保存选项(Backup Save Options)”菜单中保留选项不变，然后选择“确定(OK)”进行确认。
- Macrium 将需要权限才能删除现有分区并开始克隆过程。选择“确认覆盖(Confirm Overwrite)”菜单中的可用复选框，然后选择“继续(Continue)”继续。等待一段时间让克隆过程完成。
完成后，包含 Windows 安装和所有其他文件的现有硬盘驱动器将被克隆到新驱动器。您可以在此阶段关闭 PC 并移除之前的硬盘驱动器，或者使用磁盘管理(Disk Management)对其进行格式化和重新调整用途。
最后的步骤(Final Steps)
无论您是使用Windows 10系统映像移动到相同大小的新驱动器，还是使用(Windows 10)Macrium Reflect等第三方软件来克隆它，您都可以启动并使用新驱动器而无需任何进一步的步骤。但是，如果驱动器大于原始驱动器，您可能需要调整系统分区的大小。
如果您确实遇到问题，您可能需要考虑重新安装 Windows 10(reinstalling Windows 10)并重新开始，而无需完全克隆您的驱动器。您可以在不丢失个人文件的情况下执行此操作，但您可能需要重新安装软件(install your software again)并在此过程中转移您的 Windows 10 许可证(transfer your Windows 10 license)。
How to Migrate Windows 10 to a New Hard Drive
If you’ve just upgraded your PC and want to migrate Windows 10 to a new hard drive, you’ll have to consider your options. This is a job that beginners might struggle with, but it doesn’t have to be—you just need to figure out how you’re going to move your files from A to B and ensure Windows will boot from your new drive.
There are a few ways you can do this. You could create a new system image to migrate from one drive of equal size to another. Alternatively, you could consider cloning your hard drive to copy your installation, especially if your drives are different sizes. Here’s what you’ll need to do to begin the process.
Before You Move Windows 10 to a New Hard Drive
Before you consider a transfer of Windows 10 to a new hard drive, you should consider backing up your essential files, independently of any new system image you create.
While this process shouldn’t have an impact on your original drive and files, you may cause data loss if you accidentally overwrite your initial drive in the process. To be sure that your data is safe, you should always perform an independent backup of your files using portable media (such as a USB drive) or online cloud storage.
Once you’ve backed up your essential files, you’ll have two options to consider. The process to move Windows 10 to a new hard drive depends on if you’re moving to a drive of equivalent or larger size or if the drive is smaller, as the process will vary.
It doesn’t matter if you’re moving from a traditional drive to a hybrid or solid state drive, as only the size of the drive itself matters. If you’re moving to a drive of equivalent or larger size, you’re free to create a system image to clone your drive using Windows’ own built-in system imaging tools.
However, if you’re moving to a drive that’s smaller than the original, you won’t be able to use this method, as Windows will show an error during the re-imaging process. Instead, you’ll need to transfer Windows 10 to a new hard drive using third-party tools that will allow you to copy the files successfully to the smaller drive.
Create a New System Image to Migrate Windows to Drives of Equivalent or Larger Size
If you want to migrate Windows 10 to an equivalently-sized or larger hard drive than the original, the best method is to use Windows’ own system imaging tool. This will allow you to copy your original drive exactly to your new drive.
It’s important to stress that this method only works if you’re using a drive of equivalent or larger size. If it’s smaller, you’ll need to follow the steps below to use a third-party tool instead.
- To begin, you’ll need to create a new system image for your Windows installation. To do this, right-click the Start menu and select the Settings option.
- In the Settings menu, select Update & Security > Backup. In the Backup menu, select the Go to Backup and Restore (Windows 7) option, listed under the Looking for an older backup? category.
- In the older Control Panel window, select the Create a system image option, visible in the left-hand menu. Make sure to connect an external drive (such as an external USB hard drive) at this point, unless you plan on using a network location to store your system image (such as a network attached storage device).
- A new Create a system image menu will open and automatically begin scanning for a suitable external drive or network location to store the system image. If you’re using a portable hard drive, select this from the On a hard disk drop-down menu. If you’re using a network storage location, choose the On a network location option, then select a suitable location on your network to store the file. Select Next to continue.
- Windows will confirm the partitions on your drive that will be copied to the new system image. Select Start backup to begin.
- Allow the system image creation process to finish. Once completed, Windows will ask you if you want to create a new system repair disk. It may be a good idea to do this, especially if you manage to corrupt your MBR or GPT boot files in the process. However, you can select either Yes or No to proceed.
After creating the new system image, you’re ready to use it on your new drive. At this stage, connect your new hard drive to your PC and remove the existing hard drive. You could also leave your existing hard drive in place and format it, allowing you to repurpose it as a secondary storage drive.
Use a System Image to Move Windows to a New Hard Drive
With a new system image of your existing drive ready, you can use the image to create a complete copy of your Windows installation on a new hard drive. As we’ve mentioned previously, you can only do this if the new drive is the same size or larger than the previous system drive.
- To begin, insert your Windows installation media using a portable USB memory stick or DVD. Once inserted, boot your PC and ensure that your BIOS or UEFI settings prioritize that drive over any other drives. Once the Windows installation menu appears, select Next, then select Repair your computer in the bottom left corner.
- In the Advanced Options menu, select Troubleshoot > System Image Recovery.
- Windows should automatically detect the system image on your external hard drive in the Re-image your computer menu. If it doesn’t, select the Select a system image option to locate it manually. Otherwise, leave the Use the latest available system image (recommended) option selected, then select Next to continue.
- Using the new system image, your new hard drive will be formatted with the same partitions as the previous drive. If you want to exclude any partitions first, select Exclude disks and uncheck them. Otherwise, select Next to continue.
- Select Finish > Yes to begin the disk imaging process, which will take some time to complete. Once this process is finished, select Restart Now to boot into your PC. You can remove the Windows installation drive or disk at this point, and you may also need to change your BIOS/UEFI settings to ensure that the new drive is selected as the first boot disk.
If you’ve copied your files to a new drive of the same size, you won’t need to do anything else at this stage—Windows will boot as normal, and you can resume using your PC. If you’ve cloned your drive to a larger sized drive, however, you may need to take additional steps to utilize the additional space.
Resize the System Partition After Using a System Image
A system image clones your drive entirely, recreating all available partitions on the previous drive to the exact sizes as the original partitions. If you’ve used a system image to move Windows to a larger hard drive, you’ll need to resize the system partition (C:) to utilize all of the available space on the new drive.
- To do this, boot into Windows on your new drive and sign in. Right-click the Start menu and select the Disk Management option.
- In the Disk Management menu, right-click your system partition (C:) and select Extend Volume.
- In the Extend Volume Wizard menu, select Next, then ensure that the amount of additional space (equivalent to the figure in the Maximum available space in MB box) is selected in the Select the amount of space in MB box. Select Next to continue.
- Confirm that the details are correct, then select Finish to complete the process.
After a few moments, your system partition will be expanded to include the additional space on your drive, ensuring that all available drive space is usable.
Transfer Windows 10 to a Different Sized Hard Drive Using Third-Party Software
Using a new system image to clone your hard drive is still the best way to migrate Windows 10 to a new hard drive. Unfortunately, as this process doesn’t work if you’re moving from a larger to smaller drive, you’ll need to use third-party software to copy Windows instead.
Various tools exist for this method, but one good (and free) option is to use Macrium Reflect Free. The free version of Macrium Reflect allows you to clone your Windows installation from a larger to a smaller drive, resizing the partition table in the process. You can also use this to clone Windows to a larger driver if you’d prefer.
Before you follow these steps, make sure that both your existing hard drive and new hard drive are connected to your PC and are detectable in Windows.
- To begin, download and install the Home Use version of Macrium Reflect Free from the Macrium Reflect website. Once installed, run the software and make sure that the checkbox next to the disk containing your system partition (C:) is selected. Once selected, select the Clone this disk option below it.
- In the Clone menu, select your new (smaller) drive by selecting the Select a disk to clone to option in the Destination section.
- With the new disk selected, you’ll need to delete any existing partitions on the drive by first selecting them in the Destination category, then selecting the Delete Existing partition option to remove them.
- With any existing partitions on your new drive removed, drag and drop each of the partitions on your drive (excluding the system C: partition) from the Source category to the Destination category. Leaving your system partition (C:) last, drag and drop that partition onto the Destination category.
- Macrium Reflect will automatically resize your system partition to use up the remaining space on your new drive if your new drive is smaller than the original. If you’d like to change the size of your C: partition (or you’re using a larger drive, so wish to resize it to use up the additional space), select it in the Destination category first, then select the Cloned Partition Properties option.
- In the Partition Properties menu, resize your partition using the Partition Size box. If you’re using a larger drive, make sure that the Free Space box reaches 0 MB to ensure you’re utilizing all available space. Select OK to confirm the change.
- Select Finish to confirm your cloning options.
- Leave the options intact in the Backup Save Options menu that appears next, then select OK to confirm.
- Macrium will need permission to delete existing partitions and begin the cloning process. Select the available checkbox in the Confirm Overwrite menu, then select Continue to proceed. Allow some time for the cloning process to finish.
Once completed, your existing hard drive containing your Windows installation and all other files will be cloned to your new drive. You can shut down your PC and remove your previous hard drive at this stage, or use Disk Management to format and repurpose it instead.
Final Steps
Whether you’re using a Windows 10 system image to move to a new drive of the same size, or using third-party software like Macrium Reflect to clone it instead, you’ll be ready to boot up and use your new drive without any further steps. You may need to resize your system partition if the drive is bigger than the original, however.
If you do run into problems, you may want to consider reinstalling Windows 10 and starting afresh without cloning your drive entirely. You can do this without losing your personal files, but you may need to install your software again and transfer your Windows 10 license in the process.
