如果您在Windows 10上使用USB设备时看到“ USB端口电源浪涌”通知，请不要立即惊慌。“浪涌”这个词可能看起来令人不安，但这并不一定意味着您的 PC 或笔记本电脑以某种方式损坏（尽管您不能排除它）。
当USB(USB)端口的最大功率限制以某种方式超出时，通常会出现此错误。这是不寻常的，但并非不可能——例如，某些设备（包括USB硬盘驱动器）会消耗大量能源。如果您在Windows 10上看到“ (Windows 10)USB端口电源浪涌”错误，您需要执行以下操作来修复它。
是什么导致 Windows 10 上出现“USB 端口上的电涌”错误？(What Causes a “Power Surge on USB Port” Error on Windows 10?)
如果Windows显示“ USB端口电源浪涌”错误，您通常可以假设任何连接的USB外围设备的电源需求已超过您正在使用的USB端口的最大电源容量。
例如，某些USB硬盘驱动器外壳配有双头USB电缆。目的是将驱动器连接到两个独立的USB端口，将电源和数据负载分散到两个端口上，并为驱动器本身提供足够的电力来运行。
然而，这不是一个理想的场景。构造不良的外壳（电路板设计不良）可能会导致每个端口的功率需求分布不均。将任何其他类型的便宜、制作不佳的USB(USB)设备连接到您的 PC时，也可能会出现相同的消息。
如果Windows检测到(Windows)USB端口消耗的电量过多，它将禁用它以保护您的 PC 免受损坏。不幸的是，无法保证在USB(USB)电源浪涌后不会发生损坏。您需要按照以下步骤调查问题并检查您的USB端口。(USB)
断开您的硬件(Disconnect Your Hardware)
如果Windows 10在您使用的USB端口上检测到电涌， Windows将自动禁用该端口。从理论上讲，这应该可以阻止电涌并防止对您的 PC 或连接的USB设备造成任何进一步的损坏，但这并不能保证。
如果发生这种情况，您应该立即通过从受影响的端口拔下USB电缆来断开设备。看到消息后立即执行此操作很重要，因为保持设备连接可能会导致长期损坏。但是，除非设备消耗大量电力，否则您可能会避免损坏。
不幸的是，这首先并没有提供错误的原因，但它可以让您继续使用您的 PC（如果它没有损坏）。在尝试重新连接和使用设备之前，您需要考虑设备是否可以安全使用和正常运行。
在设备管理器中重新安装 USB 控制器驱动器(Reinstall the USB Controller Drive in Device Manager)
如果您不确定是否可以安全使用，切勿将任何设备（USB或其他设备）连接到您的 PC。(USB)考虑您使用的USB(USB)设备的质量和预期功耗非常重要，因为来自廉价来源的高功率设备可能（并且很可能会）导致破坏性电涌。
如果您确定USB设备可以安全使用，并且在重新连接时不会立即导致电涌问题，您可能需要考虑重新安装主板的USB控制器驱动程序。(USB)有故障的USB控制器驱动程序可能会导致出现此类故障电源浪涌报告。
- 为此，请右键单击开始(Start)菜单并选择设备管理器(Device Manager)。
- 在设备管理器窗口中，选择(Device Manager)通用串行总线控制器(Universal Serial Bus Controllers )类别旁边的箭头以查看可用选项。对于列出的每个USB设备，右键单击并选择卸载(Uninstall) 设备(device )以删除已安装的驱动程序。
删除USB控制器驱动程序后，您可以检查Windows Update或您的主板制造商以获取最新的驱动程序并手动安装它们。或者，此时重新启动您的 PC — Windows 更新(Windows Update)将在您重新启动时自动搜索（并安装）任何可用的驱动程序。
运行硬件和设备故障排除工具(Run the Hardware and Devices Troubleshooting Tool)
Windows 10 包含一个内置的疑难解答程序，可以识别您的 PC 的问题并推荐可能的修复程序。虽然它无法修复损坏的硬件，但它可以识别导致电涌消息的可能原因，例如缺少驱动程序或设备损坏。
硬件(Hardware)和设备(Devices)故障排除工具最初在Windows 设置(Windows Settings)菜单中可用，但现在隐藏在视图中。要使用它，您需要使用Windows PowerShell。
- 要打开新的PowerShell窗口，请右键单击开始(Start)菜单并选择Windows PowerShell (Admin)。
- 键入msdt.exe -id DeviceDiagnostic并在PowerShell窗口中选择Enter以运行(Enter)硬件(Hardware)和设备(Devices)疑难解答。
- 在“硬件和设备(Hardware and Devices)”窗口中，选择“下一步”(Next)开始检查您的 PC 是否存在硬件问题。这需要一些时间才能完成。
Windows 将检查您的设置、USB端口和任何连接的设备是否存在可能的问题。如果硬件(Hardware)和设备(Devices)工具可以自动修复任何问题，它就会这样做。否则，它将在扫描过程结束时提供建议列表，因此请查找任何其他屏幕说明。
使用有源 USB 集线器(Use a Powered USB Hub)
如果您仍然遇到“ USB端口电源浪涌”错误消息的问题，您可能需要考虑购买有源USB集线器。像这样的外部集线器可让您安全地将高功率设备连接到 PC 的USB端口，但前提是集线器单独供电，以保护您的USB端口免受损坏。
但是，这仅适用于您选择信誉良好的制造商，例如Dell、Anker或TP-Link。如果集线器没有品牌或来自未知来源，则它与其他廉价USB设备具有相同的风险。将其连接到您的USB端口可能会造成损坏，尤其是如果它会导致浪涌（导致同样的问题）。
如果集线器是正品、制作精良且具有优质电源，它应该有助于阻止将USB设备连接到 PC 的USB端口而可能引起的电涌。如果端口和USB设备以前没有损坏，这应该会停止“ USB端口电源浪涌”消息，并允许您继续使用它。
但是，这并不能阻止其他电涌（例如雷击）对您的 PC 造成损坏的可能性。您可能需要考虑在您的 PC 设置中添加电涌保护器(surge protector)，以防止这些额外风险。
保护您的 PC 免受硬件损坏(Protecting Your PC Against Hardware Damage)
如果幸运的话，行为不端的USB设备不会在第一次发生浪涌时对您的USB端口造成损坏，但这并不意味着它不会在长期内造成损坏。为了保护您的 PC 和设备免受损坏，有源USB集线器是必不可少的，以确保您使用的硬件有足够的电力运行。
如果您仍然看到集线器出现“ USB端口电源浪涌”错误，则需要仔细查看您的硬件。例如，如果未检测到您的 USB 驱动器(USB drive isn’t detected)，则可能是电量不足的原因，或者USB 端口可能无法正常工作(USB ports might not be working)。如果您仍有问题，可能是时候用更新的组件更换您的 PC 或硬件了。(replace your PC or hardware)
How to Troubleshoot a “Power Surge on USB Port” Error on Windows 10
If you see a “power surge on USΒ port” notification appear when you’re using a USB device оn Windows 10, don’t immediately panic. The word “surge” may seem troυbling, but it doesn’t necessarily mean that your PC or laptop is damaged in some way (although you can’t rule it out).
This error usually appears when the maximum power limit of the USB port is exceeded in some way. This is unusual, but it isn’t impossible—certain devices (including USB hard drives) use a lot of energy, for instance. If you see a “power surge on USB port” error on Windows 10, here’s what you’ll need to do to fix it.
What Causes a “Power Surge on USB Port” Error on Windows 10?
If Windows displays a “power surge on USB port” error, you can usually assume that the power demand of any connected USB peripherals has exceeded the maximum power capacity on the USB port you’re using.
Some USB hard drive enclosures, for instance, are supplied with a dual-headed USB cable. The purpose is to connect the drive to two separate USB ports, spreading the power and data load over two ports and giving the drive itself enough power to operate.
This isn’t an ideal scenario, however. A poorly constructed enclosure (with badly designed circuit boards) may cause the power demands across each port to be spread unevenly. The same message is also likely to appear when any other type of cheaper, poorly made USB devices are connected to your PC.
If Windows detects too much power is drawn from a USB port, it’ll disable it in an effort to protect your PC from damage. Unfortunately, there are no guarantees that damage won’t have already occurred after a USB power surge. You’ll need to investigate the issue and check your USB ports by following the steps below.
Disconnect Your Hardware
If Windows 10 detects a power surge on a USB port you’re using, Windows will automatically disable the port. In theory, this should stop the surge in power and prevent any further damage to your PC or the connected USB device, but this isn’t guaranteed.
If this happens, you should immediately disconnect the device by removing the USB cable from the affected port. It’s important to do this as soon as you see the message, as leaving the device connected could cause long-term damage. Unless the device is drawing a huge amount of power, however, you may escape damage.
Unfortunately, this doesn’t offer a cause for the error in the first place, but it will allow you to resume using your PC (if it’s undamaged). You’ll need to consider whether the device is safe to use and functioning properly before you try to reconnect and use it.
Reinstall the USB Controller Drive in Device Manager
You should never connect any device (USB or otherwise) to your PC if you’re unsure whether or not it’s safe to use. It’s important to consider the quality and expected power consumption of the USB devices you use, as high powered devices from cheap sources can (and most likely will) cause damaging power surges.
If you’re sure that the USB device is safe to use, and it doesn’t immediately cause a power surge issue when you reconnect it, you may need to consider reinstalling the USB controller drivers for your motherboard. A faulty USB controller driver could cause malfunctioning power surge reports like these to appear.
- To do this, right-click the Start menu and select Device Manager.
- In the Device Manager window, select the arrow next to the Universal Serial Bus Controllers category to view the available options. For each USB device listed, right-click and select Uninstall device to remove the installed drivers.
After removing the USB controller drivers, you can check Windows Update or your motherboard manufacturer for the latest up-to-date drivers and install them manually. Alternatively, restart your PC at this point—Windows Update will automatically search for (and install) any available drivers when you restart.
Run the Hardware and Devices Troubleshooting Tool
Windows 10 includes a built-in troubleshooter that can identify issues with your PC and recommend possible fixes. While it can’t fix damaged hardware, it can identify possible causes for a power surge message, such as missing drivers or a broken device.
The Hardware and Devices troubleshooting tool was originally available in the Windows Settings menu but is now hidden from view. To use it, you’ll need to use Windows PowerShell.
- To open a new PowerShell window, right-click the Start menu and select Windows PowerShell (Admin).
- Type msdt.exe -id DeviceDiagnostic and select Enter in the PowerShell window to run the Hardware and Devices troubleshooter.
- In the Hardware and Devices window, select Next to begin checking your PC for hardware issues. This will take some time to complete.
Windows will check your settings, USB ports, and any connected devices for possible problems. If the Hardware and Devices tool can fix any issues automatically, it will do so. Otherwise, it will provide a list of recommendations at the end of the scanning process, so look for any additional on-screen instructions.
Use a Powered USB Hub
If you’re still having trouble with a “power surge on USB port” error message, you may need to consider investing in a powered USB hub. An external hub like this allows you to safely connect high-powered devices to your PC’s USB ports, but only if the hub is powered separately, protecting your USB ports from damage.
This is only true, however, if you choose a reputable manufacturer such as Dell, Anker, or TP-Link. If the hub is unbranded or comes from an unknown source, then it carries the same risk as other cheap USB devices. Connecting it to your USB ports may cause damage, especially if it causes a surge (resulting in the same problem).
If the hub is genuine, well made, and has a good-quality power supply, it should help to stop possible power surges caused by connected USB devices to your PC’s USB ports. If the ports and USB devices haven’t previously been damaged, this should stop the “power surge on USB port” message and allow you to resume using it.
That doesn’t stop the possibility of other power surges (such as lightning strikes) from causing damage to your PC, however. You may need to consider adding a surge protector to your PC setup to protect against these additional risks.
Protecting Your PC Against Hardware Damage
If you’re lucky, a misbehaving USB device won’t cause damage to your USB ports the first time a surge occurs, but that doesn’t mean that it won’t cause damage over the long term. To protect your PC and devices against damage, a powered USB hub is essential, ensuring that the hardware you’re using has enough power to operate.
If you’re still seeing a “power surge on USB port” error with a hub, you’ll need to look closely at your hardware. For instance, if your USB drive isn’t detected, insufficient power could be the cause, or the USB ports might not be working. If you still have problems, it might be time to replace your PC or hardware with newer components.
