当您的网络和/或Internet 连接(internet connection)出现问题时，请不要犹豫，使用Windows捆绑的故障排除向导。它们易于使用，可以帮助您确定问题所在以及如何解决问题。在大多数情况下，他们会完成工作并为您提供超出预期的帮助。在本教程中，我们将向您展示如何启动Windows必须提供的(Windows)网络和 Internet 故障排除向导(network and internet troubleshooting wizards)，以及如何使用它们来解决您的网络问题。
注意：(NOTE:)本指南适用于Windows 10、Windows 7 和Windows 8.1用户。
如何在控制面板中找到(Control Panel)网络和 Internet 故障排除向导(network and internet troubleshooting wizards)
访问网络和 Internet 故障排除向导(network and Internet troubleshooting wizards)的最简单方法之一是通过转到“控制面板(Control Panel)- > Network and Internet - > Network and Sharing Center”来打开网络(Network and Sharing Center)和共享中心。然后，单击或点击窗口底部的“疑难解答”链接。(Troubleshoot)虽然“网络和共享中心”窗口(Network and Sharing Center window)看起来有些不同，但根据您使用的Windows版本，“(Windows)疑难解答(Troubleshoot)”链接始终位于窗口底部。
这将打开Windows 中可用的网络和 Internet 故障排除向导列表： (network and internet troubleshooting wizards)Internet 连接(Internet Connections)、共享文件夹(Shared Folders)、家庭组(HomeGroup)、网络适配器和传入连接(Network Adapter and Incoming Connections)。如果您的Windows 计算机(Windows computer)上安装了打印机，您还将看到打印机(Printer)故障排除向导。
如何使用搜索启动故障排除向导
与往常一样，您也可以使用搜索来启动故障排除向导。
在Windows 10中，在任务栏上Cortana的搜索框中(search box)，键入单词疑难解答，然后单击(word troubleshooting and click)或点击具有相同名称的搜索结果。(search result)
在Windows 7中，在开始菜单搜索(Start Menu search)框中键入单词疑难解答。(word troubleshooting)然后，单击故障排除搜索(Troubleshooting search)结果。
在Windows 8.1中，转到“开始”屏幕(Start screen)，键入单词疑难解答，然后单击(word troubleshooting and click)或点击具有相同名称的搜索结果。(search result)
单击或点击“疑难解答”搜索(Troubleshooting search)结果会显示“疑难解答”窗口(Troubleshooting window)，您可以在其中找到Windows中包含的所有疑难解答工具。要显示您感兴趣的故障排除向导，请单击或点击网络(click or tap Network)和Internet。
现在启动您感兴趣的故障排除向导。如果您不知道每个向导的作用，请阅读本教程的下一部分。
网络和 Internet 故障排除向导(network and internet troubleshooting wizards)及其作用
您可以启动任何可用的向导，具体取决于您面临的问题：
- 互联网连接(Internet Connections)- 当您连接到网络但互联网无法正常工作或您无法访问特定网站时，此向导会有所帮助；
- 共享文件夹 - 当您从网络访问其他计算机和设备上的共享文件和文件夹时遇到问题时使用此向导；
- 家庭组- 当您在查看属于(HomeGroup)家庭组(Homegroup)的计算机或共享文件夹时遇到问题，请使用此向导；
- 网络适配器(Network Adapter)- 当您的无线或有线网络适配器出现问题时，它很有用。它有助于处理与您的网络连接(network connection)相关的任何事情；
- 传入连接(Connections)- 当其他计算机无法连接到您计算机的共享文件和文件夹时，此向导很有帮助；
- 使用 DirectAccess(Workplace Using DirectAccess)连接到工作场所- 当您在连接到企业网络域时遇到问题时，可以使用此向导。它仅在Windows 7 Ultimate、Windows 7 Enterprise、Windows 8.1 Enterprise 和 Windows 10 Enterprise 中可用。
如何从命令提示符启动(Command Prompt)网络和 Internet 故障排除向导(network and internet troubleshooting wizards)
网络和互联网故障排除向导(network and internet troubleshooting wizards)也可以使用命令提示符(Command Prompt)或运行窗口启动(Run window)。在命令提示符(Command Prompt)或运行窗口(Run window)中执行以下命令：
- 打开Internet 连接(Internet Connections)故障排除向导： msdt.exe -id NetworkDiagnosticsWeb；
- 打开共享文件夹(Shared Folders)故障排除向导： msdt.exe -id NetworkDiagnosticsFileShare；
- 打开家庭组故障排除向导： msdt.exe -id (-id HomeGroupDiagnostic)HomeGroupDiagnostic(HomeGroup)；
- 打开网络适配器(Network Adapter)故障排除向导： msdt.exe -id NetworkDiagnosticsNetworkAdapter；
- 打开传入连接(Incoming Connections)故障排除向导：msdt.exe -id NetworkDiagnosticsInbound。
如何在Windows中使用(Windows)网络和 Internet 故障排除向导(network and internet troubleshooting wizards)
每个故障排除向导都是不同的，因为它只解决它旨在解决的问题。为了帮助您了解如何使用故障排除向导，我们运行了网络适配器向导(Network Adapter wizard)以了解我们的网络连接(network connection)出了什么问题。使用其他向导的工作方式相同，使用相同的原则。
在故障排除向导开始时，在您按下 Next 之前，请查找名为Advanced的链接。
单击(Click)或点击它。这揭示了一些有趣的选择。例如，网络适配器向导(Network Adapter wizard)可以自动应用修复并以管理员身份运行。如果需要，请选中相应的框以启用此功能并使其以管理员身份运行。然后，单击或点击(click or tap) 下一步(Next)。
故障排除向导会检测您的Windows 计算机或设备(Windows computer or device)上安装的所有网络适配器，并要求您选择要排除故障的一个。您还可以让它对所有网络适配器进行故障排除。完成选择后，单击或点击(click or tap) 下一步(Next)。
注意：如果您安装了使用此类设备的虚拟化软件（如(virtualization software)VMWare、VirtualBox等） ，网络适配器故障排除向导还会显示虚拟网络适配器。(Network Adapter)
故障排除向导启动诊断过程并显示一个进度条(progress bar)。当它检测到问题时，它还会尝试应用它认为合适的修复程序，然后验证问题是否仍然存在。对于某些问题，可能需要您执行某个操作。在我们的示例中，它检测到我们的网线(network cable)一端没有插入。所以我们验证了网线(network cable)，将其插入，然后按“检查(Check)问题是否已解决”。
然后，它会验证问题是否仍然存在，并向您显示有关问题及其状态的详细信息。
如果您的问题仍未解决，网络适配器向导(Network Adapter wizard)会通过“资源管理器(Explorer)附加选项”按钮提出附加选项。如果您想查看有关它发现的问题的详细信息以及它为解决问题所做的工作，请单击“查看(View)详细信息”的小链接。要关闭向导，请按Close。
注意：如果您使用的故障排除向导未检测到任何问题但仍有问题，则您可能没有使用正确的向导。在这种情况下，请尝试另一个与您遇到的问题更相关的故障排除向导。
解决无线网络问题(wireless network)
如果您在连接无线网络时遇到问题，我们建议您阅读以下故障排除指南：
-
(Troubleshoot Internet Connection Problems)通过无线网络(Wireless Network)解决 Internet 连接问题- 本指南展示了如何使用Windows 内置的(Windows built-in)故障排除工具来解决连接到无线网络时出现的问题；
-
自行解决无线网络连接问题(Troubleshoot Wireless Network Connection Problems by Yourself)- 这是包含问题和答案的分步图表。(step chart)回答一系列问题将带您了解最可能的根本原因及其解决方案；
- 解决无线网络干扰问题(Solving Wireless Network Interference Problems)
的外行(Layman)指南(Guide)- 一个很棒的指南，分享解决由您所在地区的其他网络或其他设备引起的信号干扰产生的问题是多么容易。
-
如何在Windows 10中删除或忘记(Windows 10)无线网络(wireless network)配置文件- 如果无线网络(wireless network)的配置已更改，最好让Windows忘记它，以便您可以重新开始并从头开始连接。
-
如何只需单击 6 次即可重置所有 Windows 10网络适配器- 当您的(network adapter)Internet 连接(internet connection)无法正常工作并且您的每个故障排除想法(troubleshooting idea)似乎都失败时，您可以采取的最后手段(resort action)是重置您的网络适配器(network adapter)（ ）。
结论
所有现代版本的Windows都提供了一套完整的故障排除向导，可以帮助您确定网络问题的根本原因(root cause)。当我们遇到问题时，我们会使用这些向导，并且在大多数情况(ituation s)下，它们能够确定根本原因(root cause)并为我们提供有用的建议。
即使他们无法帮助解决我们遇到的问题，他们也会提供对可以为我们解决问题的技术支持人员(support staff)有价值的信息。
How to troubleshoot network and internet problems in Windows
When you have problems with your network and/or internet connection, don't hesitate tо use the troubleshooting wizards that are bundled with Windows. They are easy to use and they can help you identify what's wrong and how to fix your problemѕ. In mоst cases, they will get the job done and help you more than expected. In thiѕ tutorial, we will show yоu how to start the network and internet troubleshootіng wizards that Windows has to offer and hоw to work with them in order to fix your networking problems.
NOTE: This guide applies to Windows 10, Windows 7 and Windows 8.1 users.
How to find the network and internet troubleshooting wizards in the Control Panel
One of the easiest ways to access the network and Internet troubleshooting wizards is to open the Network and Sharing Center by going to "Control Panel -> Network and Internet -> Network and Sharing Center" . Then, click or tap the "Troubleshoot problems" link on the bottom of the window. While the Network and Sharing Center window looks a bit different, depending on the version of Windows that you are using, the "Troubleshoot problems" link is always on the bottom of the window.
This opens the list of network and internet troubleshooting wizards that are available in Windows: Internet Connections, Shared Folders, HomeGroup, Network Adapter and Incoming Connections . If you have a printer installed on your Windows computer, you will also see a Printer troubleshooting wizard.
How to use search to start the troubleshooting wizards
As always, you can also use search to launch the troubleshooting wizards.
In Windows 10, in Cortana's search box on the taskbar, type the word troubleshooting and click or tap the search result with the same name.
In Windows 7, type the word troubleshooting in the Start Menu search box. Then, click the Troubleshooting search result.
In Windows 8.1, go to the Start screen, type the word troubleshooting and click or tap the search result with the same name.
Clicking or tapping the Troubleshooting search result reveals the Troubleshooting window, where you find all the troubleshooting tools that are included in Windows. To display the troubleshooting wizards you are interested in, click or tap Network and Internet .
Now start the troubleshooting wizard that interests you. If you don't know what each wizard does, read the next section of this tutorial.
The network and internet troubleshooting wizards and what they do
You can start any of the available wizards, depending on the problem you are facing:
- Internet Connections - this wizard helps when you are connected to the network but the internet doesn't work or you have trouble accessing particular websites;
- Shared Folders - use this wizard when you have problems accessing shared files and folders on other computers and devices from your network;
- HomeGroup - when you have problems viewing computers or shared folders that are part of the Homegroup, use this wizard;
- Network Adapter - it is useful when you have problems with your wireless or wired network adapters. It helps with anything that is related to your network connection;
- Incoming Connections - this wizard is helpful when other computers have trouble connecting to your computer's shared files and folders;
- Connection to a Workplace Using DirectAccess - this wizard can be used when you have problems connecting to enterprise network domains. It is available only in Windows 7 Ultimate, Windows 7 Enterprise, Windows 8.1 Enterprise and Windows 10 Enterprise.
How to start the network and internet troubleshooting wizards from the Command Prompt
The network and internet troubleshooting wizards can also be started using the Command Prompt or the Run window. Execute the following commands inside the Command Prompt or the Run window:
- To open the Internet Connections troubleshooting wizard: msdt.exe -id NetworkDiagnosticsWeb ;
- To open the Shared Folders troubleshooting wizard: msdt.exe -id NetworkDiagnosticsFileShare ;
- To open the HomeGroup troubleshooting wizard: msdt.exe -id HomeGroupDiagnostic ;
- To open the Network Adapter troubleshooting wizard: msdt.exe -id NetworkDiagnosticsNetworkAdapter ;
- To open the Incoming Connections troubleshooting wizard: msdt.exe -id NetworkDiagnosticsInbound .
How to use the network and internet troubleshooting wizards in Windows
Each troubleshooting wizard is different because it solves only the problems it's designed to solve . To help you understand how to use a troubleshooting wizard, we ran the Network Adapter wizard in order to understand what is wrong with our network connection. Using other wizards works the same way, using the same principles.
At the beginning of the troubleshooting wizard, before you press Next look for a link named Advanced .
Click or tap on it. This reveals some interesting options. For example, the Network Adapter wizard can automatically apply repairs and run as administrator. Check the appropriate box to enable this feature and have it run as administrator, if you want to. Then, click or tap Next .
The troubleshooting wizard detects all network adapters that are installed on your Windows computer or device and asks you to select the one you want to troubleshoot. You can also have it troubleshoot all network adapters. Once you are done making your choice, click or tap Next .
NOTE: The Network Adapter troubleshooting wizard also displays virtual network adapters, if you have installed virtualization software that uses such devices (like VMWare, VirtualBox, etc).
The troubleshooting wizard starts the diagnostics process and displays a progress bar. When it detects problems, it also tries to apply the fixes it believes are appropriate and then verifies if the problem still exists. For some problems, it may require you to perform a certain action. In our example, it detected that our network cable is not plugged at one end . So we verified the network cable, plugged it in, and then pressed "Check to see if the problem is fixed" .
Then, it verifies whether the problem still persists and it sh ows you the details about the problem and its status.
If your problem remains unfixed, the Network Adapter wizard proposes additional options via the "Explorer additional options" button. If you want to view detailed information about the problem(s) it identified and what it has done to fix things, click the small link that says "View detailed information" . To close the wizard, press Close .
NOTE: If the troubleshooting wizard you have used hasn't detected any problems but you still have issues, you may have not used the correct wizard. In this case, try another troubleshooting wizard, which is better related to the problem that you are experiencing.
Troubleshooting problems with a wireless network
If you have troubles connecting to wireless networks, we recommend reading the following troubleshooting guides:
Conclusion
All modern versions of Windows provide a complete set of troubleshooting wizards which can help you identify the root cause of your networking problems. When we have issues, we use these wizards and, in most s ituation s , they are able to identify the root cause and give us useful recommendations.
Even when they cannot help fix the problems we encounter, they provide information that is valuable to the technical support staff that can fix things for us.
