通过 Internet 访问我们的文件的一个好方法是使用NAS或网络(N)连接的(A)S存储(S)设备。NAS基本上是一种将集中式硬盘驱动器连接到我们网络的方式，例如云存储设备(like a cloud storage device)，提供对它和其中所有文件的访问，以及对我们所有其他连接设备的访问。当我们可以在任何地方进行时，这使得文件共享和备份变得更加容易。
获得这种设备的最简单方法是出去购买预先构建的设备。然而，最简单并不总是意味着最好。支持 NAS 的路由器将允许我们通过USB(USB)连接外部硬盘驱动器以获得额外的存储空间。再说一次，我们可以使用 Raspberry Pi(using Raspberry Pi)或重新调整用途的计算机进行DIY选项。
无论我们如何获得一台，我们都需要知道如何设置NAS。
如何设置 NAS（网络附加存储）(How To Set Up a NAS (Network Attached Storage))
我们将需要一些东西来充分利用NAS设备。首先(First)，我们需要一个主要的媒体播放器，例如个人电脑，将NAS连接到我们的网络。接下来(Next)，NAS本身，购买的预建或其他方式。
最后，一些额外的数据存储设备，即硬盘驱动器，用于存储媒体文件。最好有一个高速以太网连接。建议使用 1GB 以获得最佳性能。
个人计算机可以是HTPC或家庭影院 PC(Home Theater PC)，可以直接购买或由您构建。构建我们自己的将更具成本效益，并为我们想要完成的任务提供最大的灵活性。这是一台允许记录、转码文件和抓取元数据的计算机。
我们还可以添加Plex 或 Kodi软件，通过连接到网络的设备从我们家的各个房间流式传输媒体文件。如果您想预先录制电视以供以后观看，这将派上用场。
额外存储的原因是为了确保我们将备份所有文件。您选择使用的硬盘驱动器是您自己的个人喜好。只要(Just)确保它们足够大以存储所有重要数据。我们还需要确保我们选择或构建的NAS具有RAID1选项。这样，所有数据都在硬盘驱动器之间进行镜像，因此如果一个失败，另一个仍然会保存所有数据。
映射您的文件(Mapping Your Files)
映射文件取决于所选的NAS。NAS(A NAS)路由器通常在映射和备份文件方面具有自己的速度、特性和功能。在NAS(NAS)设备方面， Synology是比较知名的名称之一。但是，它们通常很昂贵，并且某些型号可能会让初学者感到困惑。
对于本教程，我们将假设您已决定使用旧的Windows 10计算机而不是预构建的NAS。这将使熟悉 PC 内部工作原理和Windows 10操作系统的任何人更容易。我们还假设您已经安装并格式化了您的附加硬盘(formatted your additional hard drives)。
将文件映射到NAS与映射网络驱动器(mapping a network drive)相同。一般来说，Windows应该已经在文件资源管理器的(File Explorer)网络(Network)区域下方看到了NAS设备。但是，在某些情况下它可能不会出现。这通常是因为过时的固件需要在您的Windows功能(Features)中启用SMBv1 客户端(SMBv1 client)。
- 打开控制面板(Control Panel)。
- 单击程序和功能(Programs and Features)。
- 选择打开或关闭 Windows 功能(Turn Windows Features on or off)。
- 滚动到SMB 1.0/CIFS Client并选中该框。
- 可能需要单击SMB 1.0/CIFS File Sharing Support旁边的+
这应该是确保NAS设备出现所需的全部内容。
结构(Structure)
(Folder)基于类型的文件夹名称是更安全的方法。如果您的数据量有限，则用于所有媒体目的的Media(Media)之类的东西通常就足够了。对于更大的数量，我们可以将媒体文件分成标签为Music、Photos和Videos的文件夹。
Documents文件夹也是一个很好的文件夹标签，用于存储Word Docs(Word Docs)、PDF文件和其他形式的工作文档。出于显而易见的原因，还应该创建 一个备份文件夹。(Backups )
文件夹中的文件夹应尽可能地分解，这意味着保持简单。视频(Videos)不需要分解为流派——如果喜欢的话，它们可以是，但它会不必要地陷入困境。文件夹的任何其他原因应保持在最低限度并专门标记，以免引起混淆。
设置用户权限(Setting User Rights)
在这种情况下，真正需要的只是设置访问NAS的用户名和密码。这可以通过右键单击Network下的NAS，选择Properties > Sharing > Advanced Sharing > Permissions来完成。
从这里我们可以为访问NAS(NAS)的每个人选择标准权限，或者逐个帐户调用特定权限。也可以对NAS上的每个文件夹执行相同的过程。
媒体设备访问(Media Device Access)
现在我们可以使用您喜欢的任何媒体中心软件来配置NAS 。我们已经决定使用Kodi来完成我们的步骤。
- 打开 Kodi 主菜单并选择视频(Video)。
- 选择添加视频...，(Add videos…)然后浏览(Browse)。
- 在列表底部，选择添加网络位置...(Add Network Location…)
- 选择Protocol，选择Network File System (NFS)。
- 找到家庭网络并选择NAS设备上的Shared文件夹。
- 输入源的名称并单击OK。
- 在设置内容(Set content)菜单中选择媒体类型，然后单击确定(OK)。
- 选择是(Yes )，Kodi将开始扫描新内容。
我们的NAS现在已设置为媒体流和存储。只要我们的其他设备可以连接到主媒体集线器，它们就可以访问在NAS上找到的数据。
How To Set Up a NAS (Network Attached Storage)
A nifty way to access our files оver the internet іs by using a NAS, or Network Attached Storage device. A NAS is basically a way of connecting a centralized hard drive to our network, like a cloud storage device, providing access to it and all files within, to all of our other connected devices. This makes file-sharing and backing things up a whole lot easier when we can do it from anywhere.
The easiest way to get our hands on such a device is to go out and purchase one that’s pre-built. However, easiest doesn’t always mean best. A NAS-enabled router will allow us to attach an external hard drive via USB for additional storage. Then again, we could go with the DIY option using Raspberry Pi or a repurposed computer.
Regardless of how we get our hands on one, we’re going to need to know how to set up a NAS.
How To Set Up a NAS (Network Attached Storage)
We’re going to need a few things to get the most out of a NAS device. First, we’ll require a primary media player, such as a personal computer, to attach the NAS to our network. Next, the NAS itself, purchased pre-built or otherwise.
Finally, some additional data storage devices, namely hard drives, to store media files. It’s also best to have a high speed ethernet connection. 1GB is recommended for prime performance.
The personal computer can be an HTPC, or Home Theater PC, which can be purchased outright or built by you. Building our own will be more cost-effective and provide the most flexibility in what we want to accomplish with it. This is a computer that allows for recording, transcoding files, and scraping metadata.
We could also add Plex or Kodi software to stream media files from various rooms of our home with devices that are connected to the network. If you like to pre-record TV to watch at a later time, this will come in handy.
The reason for additional storage is to ensure we’ll have all files backed up. The hard drives you choose to use are your own personal preference. Just make sure they’re large enough to store all important data. We’ll also want to make sure that the NAS we choose, or build, has a RAID1 option. This way all data is mirrored between hard drives making it so that if one fails, the other will still hold all data.
Mapping Your Files
Mapping files depends on the chosen NAS. A NAS router will usually come with its own speeds, features, and capabilities in terms of mapping and backing up files. Synology is one of the better known names when it comes to NAS devices. However, they’re usually expensive and some models can be confusing for beginners.
For this tutorial, we’re going to assume you’ve decided to use an old Windows 10 computer instead of a pre-built NAS. This will make it easier for anyone familiar with the internal workings of a PC and the Windows 10 operating system. We’ll also assume that you’ve already installed and formatted your additional hard drives.
Mapping files to the NAS is the same as mapping a network drive. Generally speaking, Windows should already see the NAS device underneath the Network area of File Explorer. There are however, occasions where it may not show up. It’s usually because of outdated firmware which will require that the SMBv1 client be enabled within your Windows Features.
- Open Control Panel.
- Click on Programs and Features.
- Select Turn Windows Features on or off.
- Scroll to SMB 1.0/CIFS Client and check the box.
- It’s possible the + next to SMB 1.0/CIFS File Sharing Support may need to be clicked to see the appropriate folder.
This should be all that is needed to ensure that the NAS device shows up.
Structure
Folder names based on type is the safer way to go. Something like Media for all media purposes is usually enough if you have limited amounts of data. For larger amounts, we could separate media files into folders labeled Music, Photos, and Videos.
A Documents folder is also a great folder label for storing Word Docs, PDF files, and other forms of working documents. A Backups folder should also be created for obvious reasons.
Folders within folders should be broken down as flat as possible, meaning keeping it simple. Videos don’t need to be broken down into genres – they can be if preferred but it bogs things down unnecessarily. Any other reasons for folders should be kept to a minimum and labeled specifically so as not to cause confusion.
Setting User Rights
All that is really required in this instance is to set a username and password for access to the NAS. This can be done by right-clicking the NAS under Network, selecting Properties > Sharing > Advanced Sharing > Permissions.
From here we can choose standard permissions for everyone accessing the NAS or invoke specific permissions on an account by account basis. The same process can be done for each folder located on the NAS as well.
Media Device Access
Now we can configure the NAS with any media center software you prefer. We’ve decided on Kodi for our steps.
- Open the Kodi home menu and select Video.
- Select Add videos… then Browse.
- At the bottom of the list, select Add Network Location…
- Choose Protocol, selecting Network File System (NFS).
- Locate the home network and select the Shared folder on the NAS device.
- Enter a name for the source and click OK.
- Select the type of media in the Set content menu and click OK.
- Choose Yes and Kodi will begin scanning for new content.
Our NAS is now set up for both media streaming and storage. So long as our other devices can connect to the primary media hub, they will have access to the data found on the NAS.
