您从另一台计算机上找到了一个旧硬盘驱动器，并且非常想知道上面有什么。沿着内存通道走一趟并找到您完全忘记的旧数据可能很有趣，但让旧驱动器与新的Windows 10计算机一起使用可能会很棘手。
在本文中，您将了解如何使用 Windows 10 PC 访问旧硬盘驱动器上的文件。
它是什么类型的驱动器？
在您做任何事情之前，您需要确定您可以访问的硬盘驱动器的类型。赔率是驱动器将是两种类型之一。较旧的驱动器可能使用带有如下连接器的IDE（集成驱动电子设备(Integrated Drive Electronics)）PATA（并行 AT 附件）标准：(Parallel AT Attachment)
更现代的驱动器可能具有这样的SATA（串行 AT 附件(Serial AT Attachment)）连接器：
根据您拥有的计算机类型，您可能需要这些驱动器类型的数据和电源线转换器，以便您的计算机可以与它们通信。
您也可能有 3.5 英寸或 2.5 英寸驱动器。较小的 2.5 英寸驱动器如果是SATA(SATA)则不需要特殊连接器，但如果您有 2.5 英寸PATA驱动器，则需要正确的适配器，因为这些驱动器的引脚排列与台式机版本不同。
这些笔记本电脑 2.5 英寸PATA驱动器使用特殊的 44 针连接器，其物理尺寸比台式机版本小，因此在寻找将其连接到系统的硬件时请记住这一点。
内部连接驱动器
如果您有台式计算机，使用新的Windows 10计算机访问旧硬盘驱动器上文件的最直接方法是将其安装为附加驱动器。您无需永久执行此操作，只需滑出台式计算机的侧面板并使用任何可用的免费电源线和数据线连接即可。只需(Just)在计算机关闭时安装驱动器！
如果您的计算机没有用于此类驱动器的任何IDE PATA连接器，则需要购买PATA 到 SATA 转换器(PATA to SATA converter)。此外，请记住IDE PATA驱动器背面有一个跳线系统，您必须在其中物理移动跳线才能选择以下三个选项之一：
- Master：驱动器连接到电缆上的终端PATA连接器。
- 从站：驱动器连接到带状电缆中间的辅助连接器。
- 电缆选择：驱动器尝试自动确定它在哪个连接器上。
如果您使用的是SATA适配器，通常Master或Cable Select都可以正常工作。
如果您使用的是笔记本电脑，我们不建议在内部安装驱动器（假设您有一个兼容的托架），除非您真的想永久使用它。打开笔记本电脑来安装仅临时使用的驱动器太麻烦了。相反，您应该考虑使用外部连接选项。
使用外部适配器连接驱动器(Drive)
无论您使用的是台式机还是笔记本电脑，使用外部适配器都是将旧驱动器连接到新Windows 10计算机的最简单方法。最常见的类型将驱动器连接转换为USB连接，在一个方便的包中提供数据和电源。
有两种类型的外部USB驱动器连接器。一个是整体机箱，将内部驱动器转换为外部驱动器以供长期使用。另一种类型的连接器完全剥离外壳，只留下电缆和连接器。如果您要检查多个驱动器或只想临时访问驱动器以传输数据，这是完美的选择。
如果驱动器未显示
如果您尝试访问旧硬盘驱动器上的文件并且驱动器未按预期显示，则可以采取一些基本的故障排除步骤来解决问题：
- IDE PATA驱动器上的跳线设置是否正确？
- 检查数据线和电源线是否正确就位且未损坏。
- 驱动器是否旋转或发出任何噪音？
有时，外部USB驱动器不会仅仅因为驱动器号冲突或其他相当基本的原因而出现。我们的文章在 Windows 或 OS X 中未显示外部硬盘驱动器(External Hard Drive Not Showing Up in Windows or OS X)有一些您可以尝试的技巧。
取得文件的所有权
将驱动器正确连接到计算机后，它将像任何其他驱动器一样出现在您的系统上。只要它是 Windows 可以理解的格式，您应该会看到存储在驱动器中的所有文件和文件夹。
但是，您可能会遇到Windows告诉您您无权访问驱动器上的文件和文件夹的问题。该解决方案可能就像根据要求授予管理员访问权限一样简单，但在某些情况下，您需要获得文件的所有权。这是Windows的一项安全功能，可防止一个用户访问或弄乱属于另一个用户的文件。
别担心，你不需要精英黑客技能来破解这个特殊的锁。只需片刻即可更改文件或文件夹的所有者。转到如何在 Windows 中更改文件或文件夹的所有权，(How to Change Ownership of a File or Folder in Windows)您将可以立即访问这些文件。
旧驱动器无法正常工作的迹象
如果长时间存放或长时间运行，机械硬盘可能会出现故障。如果驱动器似乎还活着，但传输数据需要很长时间，或者发出很大的咔嗒声，这可能表明它正在通往硬盘驱动器的来世。
如果您的硬盘驱动器包含非常重要的信息，您可能需要在专业数据恢复方面投入一些资金。或者，如何从死硬盘中提取文件(How To Extract Files From a Dead Hard Drive)有一些关于如何从死硬盘中获取数据的想法。
记得检查你的引导顺序
如果您从旧机器中提取的驱动器恰好是系统驱动器，那么新计算机可能会尝试从旧磁盘启动！这显然不会很好地工作，因此如果发生这种情况，您应该更改引导顺序(change the boot order)以确保从正确的磁盘引导。
这主要是内部磁盘安装的问题。如果您使用的是USB，请等到您启动到Windows后再连接驱动器。
正确处置驱动器
一旦你从旧驱动器中拯救了数据，你还会使用它吗？一些旧驱动器仍然可以作为重新调整用途的外部驱动器或辅助内部驱动器。但是，大多数都将过时或太旧而无法信任。这意味着你可能想把它扔掉。
但是，在您这样做之前，请务必阅读通过 4 个简单步骤擦除硬盘驱动器(Wiping a Hard Drive in 4 Easy Steps)以及可以永久破坏每个主要操作系统的数据的 5 个工具(5 Tools That Can Permanently Destroy Your Data For Every Major OS)。以确保您不会不小心将私人信息留在那里以供任何人查找。
另外，不要只是将驱动器扔进垃圾桶。快速搜索离您最近的电子垃圾处理设施，然后将它们带到那里。
How to Access Files on an Old Hard Drive with Windows 10
You’ve found an old hard drive from another computеr and desperately want to know what’s on it. It сan be fun to take a trip down memоry lane and find old data that you’ve completely forgotten about, but getting old drives to work with new Windows 10 computers can be tricky.
In this article you’ll learn how to access files on an old hard drive with your Windows 10 PC.
What Type of Drive Is It?
Before you do anything, you need to identify the type of hard drive to which you have access. Odds are the drive will be one of two types. Older drives might use the IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) PATA (Parallel AT Attachment) standard with a connector that looks like this:
More modern drives are likely to have a SATA (Serial AT Attachment) connector like this:
Depending on the type of computer you have, you may need both data and power cable converters for these drive types so that you computer can talk to them.
You may also have either a 3.5” or 2.5” drive. The smaller 2.5” drives don’t require special connectors if they are SATA, but if you have a 2.5” PATA drive you need the correct adapter, since the pinout for these drives are different to the desktop versions.
These laptop 2.5” PATA drives use a special 44-pin connector that’s physically smaller than the desktop version, so keep that in mind when looking for hardware to connect it to your system.
Connect the Drive Internally
If you have a desktop computer, the most straightforward way to access files on an old hard drive with your new Windows 10 computer is to install it as an additional drive. You don’t need to do this permanently, just slide off the side panel of your desktop machine and connect it using any free power and data cables available. Just install the drive while your computer is off!
If you have a computer without any IDE PATA connectors for such a drive, you’ll need to purchase a PATA to SATA converter. Also, keep in mind that IDE PATA drives have a jumper system on the back, where you must physically move a jumper to choose one of these three options:
- Master: where the drive is connected to the terminal PATA connector on the cable.
- Slave: where the drive is connected to the secondary connector in the middle of the ribbon cable.
- Cable Select: where the drive tries to figure out which connector it’s on automatically.
If you’re using an adapter to SATA, usually either Master or Cable Select will work just fine.
If you’re using a laptop, we don’t recommend installing the drive internally (assuming you have a compatible bay) unless you actually want to use it permanently. It’s far too much hassle to open a laptop to install a drive you’ll only use temporarily. Instead, you should consider an external connection option.
Connect the Drive With an External Adapter
Whether you have a desktop or laptop computer, using an external adapter is the easiest way to connect an old drive to your new Windows 10 computer. The most common type converts the drive connection to a USB connection, providing both data and power in one convenient package.
There are two types of external USB drive connector. One is a total enclosure, converting an internal drive to an external drive for long-term use. The other type of connector strips away the enclosure entirely, leaving only a cable and connector. This is perfect if you have multiple drives to check or only want to temporarily access a drive to transfer data.
If the Drive Doesn’t Show
If you’re trying to access files on an old hard drive and the drive doesn’t show up as expected, there are a few basic troubleshooting steps you can take to resolve the issue:
- Is the jumper set correctly on IDE PATA drives?
- Check that the data and power cables are correctly seated and undamaged.
- Does the drive spin up or make any noise at all?
Sometimes external USB drives don’t show up simply because of drive letter conflicts or other rather basic reasons. Our article External Hard Drive Not Showing Up in Windows or OS X has a few tricks you can try.
Taking Ownership of Files
Once you have the drive connected to your computer correctly, it will appear on your system just like any other drive. As long as it’s in a format that Windows can understand, you should see all the files and folders stored in the drive.
However, you might run into an issue where Windows tells you that you don’t have permission to access the files and folders on the drive. The solution might be as simple as granting administrator access if requested, but in some cases you need to take ownership of the files. This is a security feature of Windows that prevents one user from accessing or messing with files that belong to another user.
Don’t worry, you don’t need elite hacker skills to crack this particular lock. It takes just a few moments to change the owner of a file or folder. Head over to How to Change Ownership of a File or Folder in Windows and you’ll have access to those files in no time.
Signs the Old Drive Isn’t Working Properly
When left in storage for a long time or if it’s been run for an extended amount of time, a mechanical hard drive can develop faults. If the drive seems to be alive, but takes an impossibly long time to transfer data, or makes a loud clicking noise, that could be a sign that it’s on it’s way to the hard drive afterlife.
If your hard drive contains vitally important information, you might want to invest some money in professional data recovery. Alternatively, How To Extract Files From a Dead Hard Drive has some ideas of how to get data from a dead hard drive.
Remember to Check Your Boot Order
If the drive you’ve extracted from the old machine happens to be a system drive, it can happen that the new computer tries to boot from the old disk! That obviously is not going to work very well, so if that happens you should change the boot order to ensure you boot from the correct disk.
This is mostly a problem for internal disk installations. If you’re using USB just wait until you’re booted into Windows before connecting the drive.
Dispose of Drives Properly
Once you’ve rescued the data from the old drive, are you still going to use it? Some old drives can still do duty as a repurposed external drive or secondary internal drive. However, most are going to be obsolete or too old to be trusted. Which means you’ll probably want to throw it away.
However, before you do that, be sure to read Wiping a Hard Drive in 4 Easy Steps as well as 5 Tools That Can Permanently Destroy Your Data For Every Major OS. To ensure that you don’t accidentally leave private information out there for anyone to find.
Also, don’t just chuck your drive in the trash. Do a quick web search for your nearest e-waste facility and take them there instead.
