Windows 10 因向微软(Microsoft)发送各种数据而成为头条新闻。为了减轻对不当行为的怀疑并提高透明度，微软(Microsoft)发布了诊断数据查看器(Diagnostic Data Viewer)应用程序，任何人都可以使用该应用程序查看 Windows 10 发送给其母公司(parent company)的数据。诊断数据查看器(Diagnostic Data Viewer)的另一种方便用途(convenient use)是用于故障排除。使用此应用程序，您可以查看在您的 Windows 10 PC 或设备(PC or device)上无法运行的内容、导致问题的原因，并采取措施解决这些问题。这是如何做：
在哪里查找可以告诉您Windows 10(Windows 10)出现什么故障的数据
当您打开Diagnostic Data Viewer时，您会看到最初可能会吓到您的数据，因为它的技术特征和结构。
但是，如果您有耐心并阅读我们关于此工具的指南，您可以了解 Windows 10 向Microsoft发送了哪些数据，还可以使用它来了解哪些内容不起作用并导致您的 Windows 10计算机或设备(computer or device)出现错误。要查看可帮助您找到在您的 PC 上不起作用的数据，请单击或点击应用程序左上角的汉堡按钮(burger button)，然后在打开的菜单中转到问题报告。(Problem Reports)
现在您应该只看到有关在您的 Windows 10 PC 上发现的问题的报告，这些报告已发送给Microsoft，以便它可以通过即将到来的更新修复它们。默认情况下，数据按来源按字母顺序列出。对于每个来源，您都会看到名称、问题发生的日期及其状态。如果某个问题的来源重复出现多次，您会在其名称附近看到一个数字。
让我们以我的 Windows 10 PC 上发生的几个示例问题为例，看看如何解释和修复它们。
如何使用诊断数据查看器了解哪些内容在(Diagnostic Data Viewer)Windows 10中不起作用
例如，我注意到我有两个问题，在同一天，相隔两分钟，由我的AMD Radeon 显卡(video card)驱动程序引起，在两个不同的条目中列出。Radeon 命令行界面(Radeon Command Line Interface)导致了一个问题，而AMD User Experience Program Master(AMD User Experience Program Master)导致了另一个问题。我可以看到停止工作的确切文件，并使用Google 或 Bing(Google or Bing)从我安装的驱动程序中找到有关错误的信息。
解决方案？将AMD Radeon 视频卡(video card)驱动程序更新到较新版本。一旦我这样做了，那些崩溃就消失了，并且诊断数据查看器(Diagnostic Data Viewer)中没有出现由 AMD 驱动程序引起的新报告。
在我的问题报告列表中， “Windows 服务的主机进程”("Host Process for Windows Services.")下有许多条目。起初这似乎是胡言乱语，但后来我查看了细节：每次启动 Windows 10 PC 时都会重复出现CameraStartupFailureEvent 。此外，“生物识别注册主机(Biometric Enrollment Host)”下也存在一些问题。我也查看了那些细节，他们都提到了相机。
然后它变得合乎逻辑：我最近安装了一个支持Windows Hello和通过面部识别(face recognition)进行身份验证的网络摄像头。在Windows 10(Windows 10)登录期间，该摄像头并不总是准时启动以使人脸识别(face recognition)工作。当我查看这些错误的日期和时间时，趋势很明显：相机出现问题，Windows 10在启动过程中报告崩溃。我仔细检查了网络摄像头与 PC 的连接，一切正常。我还在其制造商网站(manufacturer site)上检查了新驱动程序，你猜怎么着？新的(New)驱动程序可供下载，解决了可靠性问题。解决方案？使用Diagnostic Data Viewer(Diagnostic Data Viewer)为我的网络摄像头安装新驱动程序并监控(webcam and monitor)问题是否不断重复。
大多数 Windows 10 用户会看到归类为Windows Shell 体验(Windows Shell Experience)的问题。由于不同的原因，此列表始终包含在Windows中发生的错误。例如，我发现了一个错误，其中“故障模块名称”(Fault Module Name")是操作中心(Action Center)使用的显示通知的文件。
这一次我无法采取任何行动。我记得Action Center崩溃了，但我不知道为什么，以及我能做些什么来修复它。不过好在微软(Microsoft)收到了错误报告(error report)，以便他们了解错误，并通过Windows Update采取措施。
什么在您的 Windows 10 PC 或设备(PC or device)上不起作用？
现在您知道如何使用Windows 10中的(Windows 10)诊断数据查看器(Diagnostic Data Viewer)应用程序，不仅可以查看发送给Microsoft的数据，还可以帮助您了解 PC 上发生的情况，并尽可能采取措施解决问题。试一试并与我们分享您发现的问题以及在您的Windows 10(Windows 10)计算机或设备(computer or device)上最常发生的错误。
How to use Diagnostic Data Viewer to learn what is not working in Windows 10
Windows 10 has made the headlines with the fact that it sends all kinds of datа to Microsoft. To alleviate suspicions of wrongdoing, аnd increase transparency, Microsoft releаsed the Diagnostic Data Viewer app which anyone can use to see what data Windows 10 sends to its parent company. One other convenient use of Diagnostic Data Viewer is for troubleshooting. With this app, you can see what does not work on your Windows 10 PC or device, what is causing the problems, and take measures to fix them. Here's how:
Where to look for the data that tells you what is malfunctioning in Windows 10
When you open Diagnostic Data Viewer, you see data that might scare you at first, due to its technical character, and structure.
However, if you have some patience and read our guide about this tool, you can understand what data Windows 10 sends to Microsoft, and also use it to understand what does not work and causes errors on your Windows 10 computer or device. To see the data that helps you find what does not work on your PC, click or tap the burger button from the top-left corner of the app, and then go to Problem Reports, in the menu that opens.
Now you should see only reports about the problems found on your Windows 10 PC, and which were sent to Microsoft so that it can fix them through upcoming updates. By default, the data is listed alphabetically, by source. For each source, you see the name, the date when the problem occurred, and its status. If a source of problems had many recurrences, you see a number near its name.
Let's take a couple of sample problems that occurred on my Windows 10 PC, and see how to interpret and fix them.
How to understand what does not work in Windows 10, with Diagnostic Data Viewer
For example, I noticed that I had two problems, on the same day, two minutes apart, caused by my AMD Radeon video card drivers, listed in two different entries. The Radeon Command Line Interface caused one problem, and the AMD User Experience Program Master caused the other. I could see the exact files that stopped working and find information about the bugs from the drivers that I had installed, using Google or Bing.
The solution? Updating the AMD Radeon video card drivers to a newer version. Once I did that, those crashes went away, and no new reports appeared in Diagnostic Data Viewer, caused by AMD drivers.
In my list of problem reports, there were many entries under "Host Process for Windows Services." This seemed like gibberish at first, but then I looked into the details: there was a CameraStartupFailureEvent that kept repeating each time I started my Windows 10 PC. Also, there were a couple of problems under "Biometric Enrollment Host." I looked at the details for those too, and they all mentioned the camera.
Then it became logical: I recently installed a webcam with support for Windows Hello, and authentication through face recognition. That camera did not always start on time for the face recognition to work during the Windows 10 login. When I looked at the dates and times of those errors, the trend was clear: there was something wrong with the camera, and Windows 10 reported crashes during the startup procedure. I double checked the webcam's connection to the PC, and it was fine. I also checked for new drivers on its manufacturer site, and guess what? New drivers were available for download, that fixed reliability problems. The solution? Install the new drivers for my webcam and monitor if the problems keep repeating, using Diagnostic Data Viewer.
Most Windows 10 users are going to see problems categorized as Windows Shell Experience. This list always includes errors that take place in Windows, due to different reasons. For example, I found an error, where the "Fault Module Name" was a file used by the Action Center that displays notifications.
This time there was no action I could take. I remembered Action Center crashing, but I did not know why, and what I could do to fix it. What is good though, is that Microsoft received the error report, so that they can understand the bug, and take action through Windows Update.
What does not work on your Windows 10 PC or device?
Now you know how to use the Diagnostic Data Viewer app in Windows 10, not only to view what data is sent to Microsoft, but also to help you understand what goes on on your PC, and take measures to fix problems, where possible. Try it out and share with us the problems that you discover and the errors that take place the most often on your Windows 10 computer or device.
