错误检查(Error Checking )或chkdsk工具可验证(chkdsk )Windows 10计算机中的分区和磁盘驱动器是否存在磁盘错误或坏扇区等问题。您还可以使用此工具修复错误并让您的驱动器再次正常工作。在Windows 10中，chkdsk可通过称为错误检查(Error Checking)的图形界面使用。但是，命令行工具保留了其在以前的Windows版本中的原始名称：chkdsk。以下是如何使用Windows 10中的错误检查(Error Checking )来修复SSD或HDD驱动器的问题：
注意：(NOTE:)要使用本文介绍的工具，您需要以管理员(administrator)身份登录。
如何在Windows 10中启动(Windows 10)错误检查(Error Checking)
首先，在 Windows 10 中打开文件资源管理器(open File Explorer)。转到这台电脑(This PC)，然后转到“设备和驱动器”。(“Devices and drives.”) 右键单击(Right-click)或按住要检查错误的驱动器，然后在右键单击菜单中选择Properties。或者，您可以单击驱动器，然后按键盘上的ALT + Enter键。
如何在Windows 10中启动检查磁盘(Windows 10)
将为您选择的驱动器打开“属性”窗口。(Properties)转到“工具(Tools)”选项卡并查找“错误检查”(“Error checking”)部分。在那里，单击或点击检查(Check)按钮。
(Start)在Windows 10中(Windows 10)启动硬盘错误检查
为所选驱动器打开错误检查(Error Checking)窗口。
如何使用错误(Error)检查在Windows 10中检查磁盘是否存在错误(Windows 10)
Windows 10 会定期自动运行维护任务。因此，当打开错误检查(Error Checking)窗口时，很可能会说“您不需要扫描此驱动器”。(“You don’t need to scan this drive.”)即使如此，您也可以通过单击或点击扫描驱动器(Scan drive)来强制进行手动检查。
Windows 错误检查工具
将显示一个进度条，共享您选择的驱动器的错误检查过程。
Windows 10 错误检查(Error Checking)工具的扫描进度
当它结束并且您的驱动器一切正常时，您会被告知它已成功扫描并且没有发现错误。如果您单击与此通知一起显示的“显示详细信息”链接，则会打开(Show Details)事件查看器(the Event Viewer)以查看错误检查过程的详细日志。
成功扫描Windows 10(Windows 10)中的磁盘错误检查(Error Checking)
如果您滚动浏览事件查看器(Event Viewer)日志，您可以看到扫描的进展情况以及整个过程的详细结果。
如果您想了解错误检查(Error Checking )工具在Windows中的作用，这是很有用的信息。您注意到的第一件事是错误检查(Error Checking )界面在后台运行chkdsk工具。为错误检查(Error Checking )事件存储的输出是chkdsk工具的输出。
事件查看器在(Viewer)Windows 10中显示 chkdsk 结果
该工具分三个阶段运行检查：
- 第 1 阶段：检查基本文件系统结构
- 第 2 阶段：检查文件名链接
- 第 3 阶段：检查安全描述符
完成后，关闭事件查看器(Event Viewer)窗口，然后按错误检查(Error Checking)窗口中的关闭(Close)按钮。
如何使用Windows 10中的错误检查修复驱动器上的错误(Error Checking)
错误检查过程可能会说它在您的驱动器上发现了需要修复的错误，如下面的屏幕截图所示。
错误检查提示在Windows 10中修复此驱动器(Windows 10)
发生这种情况时，单击关闭，(Close,)将显示一个新的错误检查(Error Checking)窗口，其中包含一个“修复驱动器”按钮。(“Repair drive.”)单击或点击此按钮。
Windows 10中的(Windows 10)错误检查(Error Checking)中的修复(Repair)驱动器窗口
现在您会看到一两个选项：“立即修复”(“Repair now”)和“下次重启时修复”。(“Repair on next restart.”)选择您喜欢的那个。
在Windows 10中的(Windows 10)错误检查(Error Checking)中立即修复或在下次重新启动时修复
如果您按“立即修复”，(“Repair now,") Windows 会显示修复过程的进度条。当驱动器被修复时，您会收到通知。如果您单击或点击“显示详细信息”(“Show Details,”)，则会加载事件查看器(Event Viewer)，您可以在其中查看完整的日志进行的修复。如果您不想查看日志，请按关闭，(Close,)然后您就完成了。
chkdsk 在Windows 10中成功修复了您的驱动器(Windows 10)
如果您按“下次重新启动时修复”(“Repair on next restart,”)，则修复过程会在您下次重新启动Windows 10计算机或设备时自动启动。在Windows 10加载之前，您会被告知“要跳过磁盘检查，(“To skip disk checking, press any key within”)请在几秒钟内按任意键”（最多 10 个）。
在 chkdsk 中跳过磁盘检查的选项
我们建议您不要这样做，并允许对有错误的驱动器执行修复过程。然后，chkdsk工具会自动扫描并修复驱动器。
chkdsk 修复的进展
修复结束后，Windows 10已加载，您可以登录。可以在本文前面提到的事件查看器工具中找到完整的修复日志。(Event Viewer)
如何从命令提示符(Command Prompt)或PowerShell运行 chkdsk(PowerShell)
如果要跳过错误检查(Error Checking)图形界面，可以从命令提示符(Command Prompt)或PowerShell运行(PowerShell)chkdsk。
在此示例中，我们使用/fchkdsk，它会立即修复它发现的错误，而不询问您是否要进行修复。
运行 chkdsk /f 命令来验证驱动器
本指南教您如何执行此操作：如何使用 diskpart、chkdsk、碎片整理和其他与磁盘相关的命令(How to use diskpart, chkdsk, defrag, and other disk-related commands)。请参阅第 6 节：如何使用 chkdsk 从命令提示符或 PowerShell 检查驱动器是否存在错误(How to use chkdsk to check a drive for errors from the Command Prompt or PowerShell)。
在哪里可以找到 chkdsk 的报告（检查磁盘(Check Disk)）
如果您想稍后查看chkdsk生成的报告，在您运行并关闭Check Disk之后，或者在它在启动时运行之后，您都可以。以下是您可以在 Windows 10 中从“检查磁盘”中找到扫描结果的方式和位置：(Check Disk)
打开事件查看器(Open the Event Viewer)：一种快速的方法是在Run window (Win + R)、命令提示符(Command Prompt)或PowerShell中运行命令(PowerShell)eventvwr.msc。
运行 eventvwr.msc 打开事件查看器(Event Viewer)
在Event Viewer(Event Viewer)窗口的左侧，打开Windows Logs组，右键单击或按住Application，然后从上下文菜单中选择Find 。
选择在应用程序 Windows 日志中(Application Windows Logs)查找(Find)（事件查看器(Event Viewer)）
在“查找内容”(“Find what” )文本字段中键入chkdsk ，然后按(chkdsk)查找下一个(Find Next)按钮。
查找 chkdsk 事件
关闭“查找”(Find)窗口并查看“应用程序(Application)”面板中的结果列表。您之前运行的搜索选择了最后一个Check Disk事件。您可以在运行时看到“日期和时间”(“Date and Time”)，在下面的面板中，您可以看到chkdsk扫描结果。
上次 chkdsk 扫描结果
如果您之前在启动时运行chkdsk，则在Windows 10启动期间，您需要使用不同的搜索词来查找检查磁盘(Check Disk)扫描结果。不要在“查找(Find)”对话框的“查找内容”(“Find what”)文本字段中键入chkdsk ，而是输入(chkdsk)Wininit。
在事件查看器中查找 Wininit 事件
选择您在Windows 10启动时运行chkdsk时的最后一个事件，您可以在下面的(chkdsk)事件(Event)面板中查看扫描结果。
在Windows 10启动时运行检查磁盘(Check Disk)时的最后一次 chkdsk 扫描结果
注意：您可以通过在“(NOTE:)查找(Find)”窗口中反复按“查找下一个”(Find Next)按钮来继续搜索较旧的chkdsk扫描结果。
您是否在Windows 10(Windows 10)中使用 chkdsk 进行硬盘错误检查？
(Error Checking (chkdsk) )Windows 10中的错误检查 (chkdsk)可以检查任何分区，包括系统分区，即使它正在使用中。当您的数据和硬盘出现问题时，此工具可以挽救这一天。例如，如果发生断电，您的计算机将停止，这可能会导致文件损坏。使用错误检查（检查磁盘）(Error Checking (Check Disk) )进行快速扫描和修复会很有帮助。如果您想了解有关Windows 10中其他有用工具的更多信息，请不要犹豫，阅读下面推荐的文章。
How to use Check Disk (chkdsk) to test and fix hard drive errors in Windows 10 -
The Error Checking or chkdsk tool verifies the partitions and disk drives in your Windows 10 computer for problems such as disk errors or bad sectors. You can also use this tool to repair errors and have your drives working normally again. In Windows 10, chkdsk is available through a graphic interface called Error Checking. However, the command-line tool has kept its original name as in the previous Windows versions: chkdsk. Here is how to use Error Checking in Windows 10 to fix problems with your SSD or HDD drives:
NOTE: To use the tool covered in this article, you need to be logged in as an administrator.
How to start Error Checking in Windows 10
First, open File Explorer in Windows 10. Go to This PC and then to “Devices and drives.” Right-click or press and hold the drive that you want to check for errors and, in the right-click menu, choose Properties. Alternatively, you can click on the drive and then press the ALT + Enter keys on your keyboard.
How to start a check disk in Windows 10
The Properties window is opened for the drive that you selected. Go to the Tools tab and look for the “Error checking” section. There, click or tap the Check button.
Start hard drive error checking in Windows 10
The Error Checking window is opened for the selected drive.
How to check a disk for errors in Windows 10 with Error Checking
Windows 10 automatically runs maintenance tasks at regular intervals. Therefore, when the Error Checking window is opened, it is likely to say that “You don’t need to scan this drive.” Even so, you can force a manual check by clicking or tapping Scan drive.
Windows error checking tool
A progress bar is shown, sharing the process of the error checking process for the drive that you selected.
Scan progress of the Windows 10 Error Checking tool
When it is over, and all is well with your drive, you are informed that it was successfully scanned and no errors were found. If you click the Show Details link that is shown together with this notification, the Event Viewer is opened to the detailed log of the error checking process.
Successful scan of disk Error Checking in Windows 10
If you scroll through the Event Viewer log, you can see how the scan progressed and the detailed results of the whole process.
This is useful information if you want to learn what the Error Checking tool did in Windows. The first thing you notice is that the Error Checking interface runs the chkdsk tool in the background. The output stored for the Error Checking event is the output of the chkdsk tool.
Event Viewer shows chkdsk results in Windows 10
The tool runs the checks in three stages:
- Stage 1: Examining basic file system structure
- Stage 2: Examining file name linkage
- Stage 3: Examining security descriptors
When you are done, close the Event Viewer window and press the Close button in the Error Checking window.
How to repair errors on your drive with Error Checking in Windows 10
The error checking process may say that it has found errors on your drive that need repair, like in the screenshot below.
Error Checking prompt to repair this drive in Windows 10
When that happens, click Close, and a new Error Checking window is displayed with a button that says “Repair drive.” Click or tap on this button.
The Repair drive window in Error Checking in Windows 10
Now you are shown one or two options: “Repair now” and “Repair on next restart.” Choose the one that you prefer.
Repair now or Repair on next restart in Error Checking in Windows 10
If you press “Repair now," Windows shows a progress bar of the repair process. When the drive is repaired, you are informed. If you click or tap “Show Details,” the Event Viewer loads, where you can see the complete logs of the repairs that were made. If you do not want to see the logs, press Close, and you are done.
Your drive successfully repaired by chkdsk in Windows 10
If you press “Repair on next restart,” the repair process is automatically started the next time you restart your Windows 10 computer or device. Before Windows 10 loads, you are told that “To skip disk checking, press any key within” a few seconds (maximum 10).
Option to skip disk checking in chkdsk
We recommend that you do not do that and allow the repair process to be performed for the drive with errors. Then, the chkdsk tool automatically scans and repairs the drive.
Progress in repairing in chkdsk
When the repair is over, Windows 10 is loaded, and you can sign in. A complete log of the repairs that were made can be found in the Event Viewer tool mentioned earlier in this article.
How to run chkdsk from the Command Prompt or PowerShell
If you want to skip the Error Checking graphical interface, you can run chkdsk from the Command Prompt or PowerShell.
In this example, we have run chkdsk with the /f parameter, which immediately fixes the errors that it finds, without asking if you want to do the repairs.
Running chkdsk /f command to verify a drive
This guide teaches you how to do this: How to use diskpart, chkdsk, defrag, and other disk-related commands. See section 6: How to use chkdsk to check a drive for errors from the Command Prompt or PowerShell.
Where to find the reports from chkdsk (Check Disk)
If you want to view the reports generated by chkdsk later, after you ran and closed Check Disk, or after it ran on boot, you can. Here’s how and where you can find the scan results from Check Disk in Windows 10:
Open the Event Viewer: a quick way to do it is to run the command eventvwr.msc in the Run window (Win + R), Command Prompt, or PowerShell.
Running eventvwr.msc to open Event Viewer
On the left side of the Event Viewer window, open the Windows Logs group, right-click or press-and-hold Application, and select Find from the contextual menu.
Select Find in Application Windows Logs (Event Viewer)
Type chkdsk in the “Find what” text field and press the Find Next button.
Find chkdsk events
Close the Find window and look at the list of results in the Application panel. The earlier search you’ve run selects the last Check Disk event. You can see the “Date and Time” when it was run and, in the panel below, you get to see the chkdsk scan results.
Last chkdsk scan results
If you previously ran chkdsk on boot, during the Windows 10 startup, you need to use a different search term to find the Check Disk scan results. Instead of typing chkdsk in the “Find what” text field from the Find dialog, enter Wininit.
Find Wininit events in Event Viewer
The last event when you ran chkdsk on Windows 10 boot is selected, and you can view the scan results in the Event panel below.
Last chkdsk scan results when Check Disk was run at Windows 10 startup
NOTE: You can continue searching for older chkdsk scan results by pressing the Find Next button repeatedly in the Find window.
Do you use chkdsk for hard drive error checking in Windows 10?
Error Checking (chkdsk) in Windows 10 can check any partition, including the system partition, even if it is in use. This tool can save the day when problems appear with your data and your hard disk(s). For example, if a power outage takes place, your computer stops, and this might cause file corruption. A quick scan and repair with Error Checking (Check Disk) can be of great help. If you want to learn more about other useful tools in Windows 10, do not hesitate to read the articles recommended below.
