Windows 长期以来一直包含检查磁盘(Check Disk)工具。有了它，您可以检查计算机中的分区和驱动器是否存在磁盘错误、坏扇区等。您还可以使用此工具修复这些错误，让您的驱动器再次正常工作。该工具也以其命令行名称而闻名：chkdsk。以下是如何在 Windows 7中使用检查磁盘：(Check Disk)
注意：(NOTE:)对于Windows 10 ，请参阅使用 Windows 10中的(Windows 10)错误检查(Error Checking)(chkdsk)测试(Test)和修复驱动器上的错误。要使用本文介绍的工具，您需要以管理员身份登录。
如何在Windows 7中启动(Windows 7)检查磁盘(Check Disk)
首先打开Windows 资源管理器(Windows Explorer)。转到计算机(Computer)，然后转到硬盘驱动器(Hard Disk Drives)。右键单击要检查错误的驱动器或分区，然后在右键菜单中选择(drive or partition)Properties。
在所选驱动器的“属性(Properties)”窗口中，转到“工具(Tools)”选项卡并查找“错误检查(Error-checking)”部分。在那里，单击立即检查(Check now)按钮。
检查磁盘(Check Disk)窗口打开。
如何在Windows 7中使用Check Disk 检查磁盘是否有错误(Check Disk)
在所选驱动器的检查磁盘(Check Disk)窗口中，您可以选择以下任何选项：
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“自动修复文件系统错误”("Automatically fix file system errors") - 您应该始终选择此选项。否则，该工具不会修复它发现的问题，它只会报告它们。
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“扫描并尝试恢复坏扇区”("Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors") - 它执行深度扫描，尝试查找和修复硬盘本身的物理错误。当您选中此选项时，扫描需要更长的时间才能完成，但会识别并修复更多问题（如果存在）。
选择完您喜欢的选项后，按开始(Start)。
检查过程(checking process)中会显示一个进度条(progress bar)。
扫描完成后，您会看到结果的简要说明。
单击“查看详细信息”("See details")箭头以查看有关所涉及的步骤和结果的更多详细信息。
完成后，单击关闭(Close)。
注意：(NOTE:)有时，当您尝试扫描正在使用但可以卸载的分区时，Windows 7 会为您提供“强制卸载”选项。("Force a dismount.") 单击(Click)具有此名称的按钮，所选分区将被卸载，并且在执行扫描时Wi ndows应用程序无法访问。(Windows)
扫描结束并执行适当的修复后，Windows 7将再次挂载该分区，并且可以使用它。
当 Windows 7 由于驱动器正在使用且无法卸载而无法检查驱动器时，如何安排磁盘检查(disk check)
如果您选择正在使用的磁盘，例如安装Windows 7的分区，系统会提示您安排下次重新启动计算机时的磁盘检查。(disk check)发生这种情况是因为有许多正在运行的进程使用所选驱动器上的文件，并且Windows 7(Windows 7)无法将其卸载。如果您遇到“ Windows 无法检查正在使用的磁盘(Windows can't check the disk while it's in use)”的警告，您可以选择单击“计划磁盘检查”(Schedule disk check")或取消(Cancel)扫描。
我们建议您安排磁盘检查(disk check)并重新启动 Windows 7 计算机。重新启动时，您只有 10 秒的时间按任意键取消操作。我们建议您不要按键盘上的任何键并允许执行磁盘检查(disk check)。
Check Disk工具运行三个验证阶段：
完成后，您会看到发生的事情的报告。它包含详细信息，如分区空间(partition space)、可用空间、识别出的坏扇区数量等。Windows 7 会自动重新启动，以便您可以登录。
如何从命令提示符或 PowerShell运行 chkdsk(Command Prompt or PowerShell)
如果要跳过错误检查(Error Checking)图形界面，可以从命令提示符(Command Prompt)或PowerShell运行(PowerShell)chkdsk。阅读本教程以了解在 Windows 中启动命令(Windows)提示符(Command Prompt)，以及在Windows中启动PowerShell的教程。
为了能够从命令提示符(Command Prompt)或PowerShell运行(PowerShell)chkdsk命令，请确保使用“以管理员身份运行(Run as administrator.)”选项启动这些工具。
在此示例中，我们使用/fchkdsk ，它会立即修复它发现的错误，而无需询问您是否要进行修复。
本指南教您如何执行此操作： 命令提示符(Prompt)-您应该知道的 6 个磁盘管理命令（请参阅(disk management)第 5 节(section 5)“如何通过命令提示符检查磁盘是否有错误(How to check a disk for errors from the Command Prompt)”）。
您是否使用(Did)Check Disk解决了磁盘问题？
当您的数据和硬盘出现问题时，此工具可以挽救这一天。例如，如果发生断电(power outage)，您的 Windows 7 计算机会停止，这可能会导致文件损坏。使用Check Disk进行快速扫描和修复非常有帮助。如果您想了解有关Windows中其他有用工具的更多信息，请不要犹豫，阅读下面推荐的文章。此外，请在下方发表评论，让我们知道您是否解决了Check Disk的问题。
Test and fix errors on your drives with Check Disk (chkdsk) in Windows 7
Windows has included the Check Disk tool for a long time now. With it, you can check the partitions and drives in your computer for disk errors, bad sectors and so on. You can also use this tool to repair those errors and have your drives working without problems again. The tool is also known by its command-line name: chkdsk. Here is how to use Check Disk in Windows 7:
NOTE: For Windows 10 see Test and fix errors on your drives with Error Checking (chkdsk) in Windows 10. To use the tool covered in this article, you need to be logged in as an administrator.
How to start Check Disk in Windows 7
First open Windows Explorer. Go to Computer and then to Hard Disk Drives. Right-click on the drive or partition that you want to check for errors and, in the right-click menu, choose Properties.
In the Properties window for the selected drive, go to the Tools tab and look for the Error-checking section. There, click the Check now button.
The Check Disk window is opened.
How to check a disk for errors in Windows 7 with Check Disk
In the Check Disk window for the selected drive you can select any of these options:
- "Automatically fix file system errors" - you should always select this option. Otherwise, the tool won't fix the issues that it finds, it only reports them.
- "Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors" - it performs an in-depth scan that attempts to find and repair physical errors on the hard disk itself. When you check this option, the scan takes much longer to complete, but more problems are identified and fixed, if they exist.
When you are done selecting the options you prefer, press Start.
A progress bar is displayed during the checking process.
When the scan is complete, you are shown a brief description of the results.
Click the "See details" arrow to view more detailed information about the steps that were involved and the results. When done, click Close.
NOTE: Sometimes, when you try to scan a partition that is in use but can be dismounted, Windows 7 gives you the option to "Force a dismount." Click the button with this name and the selected partition is dismounted and made inaccessible to Windows applications while the scan is performed.
Once the scan is over and the appropriate repairs are performed, the partition is mounted again by Windows 7, and it can be used.
How to schedule a disk check when Windows 7 cannot check the drive because it is in use and cannot be dismounted
If you select a disk that is in use, like the partition where Windows 7 is installed, you are prompted to schedule the disk check for the next time you restart the computer. This happens because there are many running processes using files on the selected drive and it cannot be unmounted by Windows 7. If you encounter a warning that "Windows can't check the disk while it's in use," your options are to click "Schedule disk check" or to Cancel the scan.
We recommend that you schedule the disk check and restart your Windows 7 computer. When it restarts, you have only 10 seconds to press any key to cancel the operation. We recommend that you do not press any key on your keyboard and allow the disk check to be performed.
The Check Disk tool runs the three stages of verifications:
When finished, you are shown a report of what happened. It contains detailed information like partition space, free space available, how many bad sectors were identified, and so on. Windows 7 automatically restarts, so that you can log in.
How to run chkdsk from the Command Prompt or PowerShell
If you want to skip the Error Checking graphical interface, you can run chkdsk from the Command Prompt or PowerShell. Read this tutorial to learn to launch the Command Prompt in Windows, and this one for launching PowerShell in Windows.
To be able to run the chkdsk command from either Command Prompt or PowerShell, make sure the tools are launched with the option "Run as administrator."
In this example, we have run chkdsk with the /f parameter which immediately fixes the errors that it finds without asking if you want to do the repairs.
This guide teaches you how to do this: Command Prompt - 6 disk management commands you should know (see section 5 "How to check a disk for errors from the Command Prompt").
Did you solve your disk problems with Check Disk?
This tool can save the day when problems appear with your data and your hard disk(s). For example, if a power outage takes place, your Windows 7 computer stops, and this can cause file corruption. A quick scan and repair with Check Disk are of great help. If you want to learn more about other useful tools in Windows, do not hesitate to read the articles recommended below. Also, comment below and let us know whether you have fixed your problems with Check Disk.
