您是否曾经想知道在特定时间使用了多少处理器功率？或者，您最喜欢的游戏还有多少空闲RAM可供使用？你的显卡用了多少电量呢？所有这些都是必不可少的系统资源，没有这些资源，应用程序和游戏(apps and games)将无法正常运行。如果您想查看统计信息以及实时信息，您应该知道Windows 任务管理器(Task Manager)允许用户监控当前处理器 ( CPU ) 和内存使用(memory utilization)情况，检查显卡(video card)( GPU ) 使用情况，以及其他系统资源。以下是密切关注系统资源的方法：
注意：(NOTE:)本指南是为Windows 10和Windows 8.1创建的，我们展示的某些功能仅在最新版本的Windows 10中可用。
在哪里可以找到让您监控系统资源的工具：访问任务管理器(Task Manager)的性能选项卡(Performance tab)
要查看资源消耗(resource consumption)，您必须启动任务管理器(Task Manager)。虽然有很多方法可以做到这一点，但为了速度和方便(speed and ease)，我们建议使用键盘快捷键(keyboard shortcut) "Ctrl + Shift + Esc."如果任务管理器(Task Manager)在其紧凑视图中打开，请单击或点击(click or tap)“更多详细信息”("More Details")以展开到完整视图。
然后，单击或点击“性能”(Performance)选项卡。它应该或多或少类似于下面的屏幕截图。它的外观和内容取决于您使用的Windows版本和您拥有的硬件。
让我们看看如何使用任务管理器中的(Task Manager)性能(Performance)选项卡来监控基本硬件组件的性能，例如CPU、GPU和内存利用率(memory utilization)。
1.任务管理器(Manager)允许用户监控当前处理器利用率(processor utilization)
默认情况下，任务管理器的(Task Manager)性能(Performance)选项卡首先显示CPU的使用情况，也称为处理器。如果尚未选择，您可以通过单击或点击窗口左侧的CPU手动执行此操作。(CPU)
您还可以通过右键单击窗口内的任意位置并选择(window and choosing)"View -> CPU."CPU使用情况。(CPU)
选择处理器后，在窗口右侧，您应该会看到一个图表，显示过去 60 秒内CPU 使用率的百分比。(CPU usage)请注意(Notice)，在资源视图的(resource view)右上角(right corner)，任务管理器(Task Manager)会向您显示处理器的确切型号。
在图表下方，有有关当前CPU 利用率和速度(CPU utilization and speed)的详细信息，以及有关处理器规格的信息，例如基本速度、(Base speed,)套接字(Sockets)和内核(Cores)数、逻辑处理器(Logical processors)（线程）、虚拟化(Virtualization)功能是否打开，以及其上可用的1 级(Level 1)、2 级和 3级高速缓存内存(cache memory)的数量。
默认情况下，您会获得 PC 中每个物理处理器的图表。这是有道理的，但它可能不是某些用户想要的：为了更详细地了解您的处理器使用情况(processor usage)，您可以将图表拆分为逻辑处理器。右键单击或按住CPU图表，将鼠标悬停在“将图表更改为”("Change graph to")上，然后单击或点击“逻辑处理器”。("Logical processors.")
您现在应该看到CPU的每个逻辑处理器的较小图表。对于我们的AMD Ryzen 7 2700 处理器，我们得到 16 个图表，每个线程一个。您可能会看到更多或更少，这取决于您的计算机的处理器。
如果您想查看有关如何分配CPU周期的更多信息，您可能需要考虑显示内核时间。它们显示了内核使用了多少CPU周期，内核负责内部系统功能，以及用户进程使用了多少。
要启用内核时间，请右键单击或按住CPU图表，然后单击或点击“显示内核时间”。("Show kernel times.")
图中较暗的区域代表内核时间(graph represent kernel time)，而较亮的区域代表其他类型的使用。
2.任务管理器(Manager)允许用户监控当前内存利用率(memory utilization)（RAM）
您可能需要密切关注的另一个资源，尤其是在减速期间，是您的RAM（随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory)）。您可以通过从性能(Performance)选项卡左侧的资源列表中选择内存(Memory)来查看内存使用情况。(memory usage)
要切换到内存(Memory)图表，您还可以右键单击或按住窗口内的任意位置，然后转到"View -> Memory."
内存(Memory)部分显示两个图表。最上面的图表显示了最后一分钟内存使用的百分比。下图显示了内存是如何分配的。将鼠标悬停在下图的每个部分上以查看是什么。
RAM 使用(RAM usage)分为四种使用类型：
- 正在使用(In Use)- 应用程序、驱动程序或 Windows 本身当前使用的内存。
- 已修改(Modified)- 其内容必须先写入磁盘才能用于其他目的的内存。
- 备用(Standby)- 包含缓存数据和当前未使用的代码的内存。
- 空闲(Free)- 当前未使用且可免费使用的内存。
在图表下方，有更多关于RAM(RAM)的详细信息，包括已用内存、可用内存、其速度、使用的插槽和外形尺寸、分页和非分页内存池大小(memory pool size)等。您看到的内存池要么保证驻留在物理内存中，要么可以根据需要来回交换到磁盘。您还应该看到用于缓存的总内存和提交的总内存。显示的数据量还取决于您计算机的硬件配置(hardware configuration)。
3.任务管理器(Task Manager)允许用户监控当前显卡利用率(video card utilization)（GPU）
在Windows的最新版本中，包括2019 年 5 月(May 2019) 更新和秋季创作者更新(Update and Fall Creators Update)，任务管理器(Task Manager)还允许您检查GPU 使用情况(GPU usage)。此功能在旧版Windows 10和旧版Windows中均不存在。
您可以通过从任务管理器(Task Manager)窗口左侧的列表中选择它们来监控所有显卡的性能。如果您的设备上安装了多个视频卡(video card)，则应该为每个视频卡输入一个条目。
当您选择要监控的视频卡(video card)时，窗口右侧会填满图表和有关其活动的信息。根据您选择的视频卡类型，您应该会看到图表显示其在(video card)3D、复制、视频编码(3D, Copy, Video Encode)和视频解码(Video Decode)上花费了多少电量。
默认情况下，任务管理器(Task Manager)有足够的空间仅显示四个不同的图表。但是，如果您想更改其中一个并监控其他功能，您可以单击或点击图表左上角的小箭头按钮，然后选择要观看的内容。您可以根据视频卡(video card)提供的实际功能，从视频处理、传统叠加、安全、Cuda、VR(Video Processing, Legacy Overlay, Security, Cuda, VR,)等内容中进行选择。
在四个功能图下，任务管理器(Task Manager)还显示了视频内存(video memory)的使用方式。您应该有一个“共享 GPU 内存使用情况”("Shared GPU memory usage")图表，如果您的视频卡(video card)也有专用内存，您还应该有一个称为“专用 GPU 内存使用情况”的图表。("Dedicated GPU memory usage.")在每个图表的右上角，您可以找到系统上可用的视频内存总量。
在图表下方，还有许多其他有用的信息。您可以查看显卡的总利用率百分比、使用的(Utilization)GPU 内存(GPU Memory)量和可用量，以及专用 GPU 内存、(Dedicated GPU memory,)使用的共享 GPU 内存(Shared GPU memory)和可用量。还有关于使用的驱动程序版本(driver version)、驱动程序日期(driver date)、DirectX 版本(DirectX version)、硬件保留内存(Hardware reserved memory)量（如果有）和物理位置(Physical location)的详细信息，它向您显示了计算机内部显卡(video card)连接到的PCI 总线。(PCI bus)
4.任务管理器(Manager)允许用户监控当前网络利用率(network utilization)（Wi-Fi、以太网(Ethernet)、蓝牙(Bluetooth)）
要监控您的网络使用情况(network usage)，首先，选择您要监控的网络接口。您可以从任务管理器(Task Manager)性能(Performance)选项卡左侧的资源列表(resource list)中执行此操作。如果您愿意，也可以右键单击或按住“性能(Performance)”选项卡中的任意位置，然后选择"View -> Network."
以太网和 Wi-Fi 连接(Ethernet and Wi-Fi connections)以及您可能用于虚拟机或蓝牙(Bluetooth)适配器的任何虚拟网络适配器(network adapter)都单独列出。选择要监视的接口。该图显示了最后一分钟的总使用量，下图显示了有关数据发送和接收速度(sending and receiving speeds)、连接类型(connection type)和IP 地址(IP address)的信息。您还可以在每个网络适配器(network adapter)下窗口左侧的列表中查看平均发送和接收速度(send and receive speeds)。
有关您的网络使用情况(network usage)的更多详细信息，请右键单击或按住图表，然后单击(graph and click)或点击“查看网络详细信息”。("View network details.")
生成的窗口为有眼光的网络(discerning network)技术人员显示了大量有用的信息，包括总网络利用率(network utilization)、链路状态和速度、发送/接收的字节数以及发送和接收的单播和非单播数据包的数量。
5.任务管理器(Manager)允许用户监控当前存储利用率(storage utilization)（HDD或SSD(HDD or SSD)）
您可能想要监控的另一个资源是磁盘(Disk)使用情况。您可以通过在任务管理器的“(Task Manager)性能”(Performance)选项卡左侧的列表中选择它来访问它。或者，如果您愿意，可以右键单击（或按住）窗口内的某个位置，然后转到"View -> Disk."
此部分允许您查看硬盘驱动器或固态驱动器的活动。上图显示过去 60 秒内的磁盘使用情况，而下图显示数据传输的速度。
在图表下方，有更多信息，包括驱动器处于活动状态的时间百分比、它们响应请求的平均速度、平均读取和写入速度以及驱动器的容量。
6. 查看系统资源(system resource)（处理器、图形、内存、网络或存储(network or storage)）利用率的摘要
如果您计划长时间监控资源使用情况，您可能希望尽量减少“任务管理器(Task Manager)”窗口中显示的信息量。毕竟，您不能将窗口最小化并同时观看。为了节省屏幕空间，任务管理器(Task Manager)提供了一个图表摘要视图，仅显示当前图表，不显示其他内容。要试用它，请双击（双击）您要监视的系统资源的图表。(system resource)或者，您也可以右键单击或按住系统资源图表(system resource graph)，然后单击或点击“图表摘要视图”。("Graph summary view.")
生成的窗口更小，更不杂乱。这是您为处理器 ( CPU ) 获得的：
此外，这是您获得的无线网卡：
您获得的其他系统资源的迷你图与上述类似。
7. 在一个小窗口中同时查看所有基本系统资源的使用情况摘要
如果您希望快速查看所有资源使用情况，可以右键单击或按住资源列表，然后单击或点击(click or tap) “摘要视图”。("Summary View.")
任务管理器(Task Manager)窗口缩小以向您显示每个资源及其占总使用量的百分比，使其更易于监控，而不会占用过多的屏幕空间。
在最新版本的Windows 10中，(Windows 10)任务管理器(Task Manager)窗口左侧的列默认显示每个资源使用情况(resource usage)的迷你图。默认情况下，它们也显示在摘要视图中。(Summary view)但是，在旧版本的Windows中，默认情况下您可能看不到它们。如果是这种情况，请右键单击或按住列表并选择(list and select) “显示图表”("Show graphs")以显示它们。
如何复制和粘贴有关系统资源使用情况的信息
既然您知道如何查看有关系统资源的所有有用信息，您可能想要记录一些数据。虽然您可以截取屏幕截图，但最终只会得到一张图像，如果您需要使用该信息，这将无用。幸运的是，您可以复制和粘贴所需的数据。右键单击或按住来自任何资源的数据图表，然后单击(resource and click)或点击复制。(Copy.)
打开文字处理器或电子表格应用程序(word processor or spreadsheet application)并将数据粘贴到格式良好的信息转储(info dump)中，您可以将其用于演示或记录。
为什么要检查CPU、RAM、GPU和其他系统资源的使用情况？
现在您知道如何使用Windows 10和Windows 8.1中的任务管理器(Task Manager)来密切关注系统性能。每个资源的数据图表共享大量(resource share plenty)信息，技术人员和家庭用户都喜欢他们可以从任务管理器的“(Task Manager)性能”(Performance)选项卡中收集的数据。你知道任务管理器(Task Manager)是一个简洁的工具，它可以让你监控当前的CPU 和内存利用率(CPU and memory utilization)，以及检查GPU 的使用情况。(GPU usage)，或其他重要资源的使用，例如您的网络接口或存储驱动器。如果您对此主题有任何疑问，请随时在下面发表评论。
7 ways to keep tabs on your systems' performance with the Task Manager
Have yоu ever wanted to know how much of your processor's power is being υsed at a particular time? Or maybe how much free RAM was left for your favorite game to υse? How about how much of yoυr video card's power is used? All these are еssential sуstem resources without which apps and games cannot run well. If you want to sеe statistіcs as well as real-time information, you should know that the Windows Task Manager allows the user to monitor the current processor (CPU) and memory utilization, check the video card (GPU) usage, as well as other system resources. Here's how to keep tabs on your system resources:
NOTE: This guide is created for Windows 10 and Windows 8.1, and some of the features we show are available only in the latest versions of Windows 10.
Where to find the tools that let you monitor the system resources: access the Task Manager's Performance tab
To get a look at resource consumption, you must launch the Task Manager. While there are many methods to do that, for speed and ease we recommend using the keyboard shortcut "Ctrl + Shift + Esc." If the Task Manager opens in its compact view, click or tap on "More Details" to expand to full view.
Then, click or tap on the Performance tab. It should look more or less like in the screenshot below. Its looks and contents depend on the version of Windows that you use and on the hardware you have.
Let's see how to use the Performance tab from Task Manager to monitor the performance of the essential hardware components such as your CPU, GPU, and memory utilization.
1. Task Manager allows the user to monitor the current processor utilization
By default, the Performance tab of Task Manager first shows you the usage of CPU, otherwise known as the processor. If it is not already selected, you can do so manually by clicking or tapping on CPU on the left side of the window.
You can also choose to view the CPU usage by right-clicking anywhere inside the window and choosing "View -> CPU."
Once you have selected the processor, on the right side of the window, you should see a graph that shows the percentage of the CPU usage during the last 60 seconds. Notice that in the upper right corner of the resource view, Task Manager shows you the exact model of your processor.
Below the graph, there is detailed information about the current CPU utilization and speed, as well as information about your processor's specifications such as its Base speed, number of Sockets and Cores, Logical processors (threads), whether the Virtualization feature is on or off, and the amounts of Level 1, 2, and 3 cache memory available on it.
By default, you get a graph for each physical processor in your PC. It makes sense, but it may not be what some users are looking for: to get a more detailed picture of your processor usage, you can split the graph into logical processors. Right-click or press-and-hold on the CPU graph, hover over "Change graph to" and then click or tap on "Logical processors."
You should now see smaller graphs for each of the CPU's logical processors. For our AMD Ryzen 7 2700 processor, we get 16 charts, one for each of its threads. You may see more or less, depending on your computer's processor.
If you want to see even more information about how CPU cycles are being allotted, you might want to consider showing kernel times. They show how many of your CPU cycles are being used by the kernel, which is responsible for internal system functions, and how much is getting used by user processes.
To enable kernel times, right-click or press-and-hold the CPU graph and click or tap "Show kernel times."
The darker areas of the graph represent kernel time, while the lighter areas represent other types of usage.
2. Task Manager allows the user to monitor the current memory utilization (RAM)
Another resource that you probably want to keep a close eye on, especially during slowdowns, is your RAM (Random Access Memory). You can view memory usage by choosing Memory from the list of resources on the left side of the Performance tab.
To switch to the Memory graph, you can also right-click or press-and-hold anywhere inside the window and go to "View -> Memory."
The Memory section displays two graphs. The top graph displays the percentage of memory used during the last minute. The lower graph shows how memory is allocated. Hover your mouse over each section of the lower graph to see what is what.
The RAM usage is split into four usage types:
- In Use - Memory currently being used by apps, drivers, or Windows itself.
- Modified - Memory whose contents must be written to disk before it can be used for other purposes.
- Standby - Memory that contains cached data and code that is not currently in use.
- Free - Memory that is not currently in use and free for use.
Below the graphs, there's more detailed information about the RAM, including used memory, available memory, its speed, slots used and form factor, paged and nonpaged memory pool size, and so on. The pools of memory that you see are either guaranteed to reside in physical memory or can be swapped back and forth to the disk, as needed. You should also see the total memory used for cache and the total committed memory. The amount of data displayed also depends on your computer's hardware configuration.
3. Task Manager allows the user to monitor the current video card utilization (GPU)
In the last versions of Windows, including the May 2019 Update and Fall Creators Update, the Task Manager also lets you check GPU usage. This feature is not present in older versions of Windows 10, nor older versions of Windows.
You can monitor the performance of all your graphics cards by selecting them from the list on the left of the Task Manager window. If you have more than one video card installed on your device, you should have an entry for each of them.
When you select a video card that you want to monitor, the right side of the window fills up with graphs and information about its activity. Depending on the type of video card you select, you should see graphs for how much of its power is spent on 3D, Copy, Video Encode, and Video Decode.
By default, the Task Manager has enough room to display only four different graphs. However, if you want to change one of them and monitor some other feature, you can click or tap on the small arrow button on the top-left corner of a graph and select what to watch. You can choose from things like Video Processing, Legacy Overlay, Security, Cuda, VR, and so on, depending on the actual features offered by that video card.
Under the four feature graphs, the Task Manager also shows how the video memory is used. You should have a graph for the "Shared GPU memory usage" and, if your video card also has dedicated memory, you should also have one called "Dedicated GPU memory usage." On the top-right corner of each graph, you can find out the total amount of video memory available on your system.
Below the graphs, there's plenty of other useful information. You can see the total Utilization percentage of your video card, the amount of GPU Memory used and the amount available, as well as the Dedicated GPU memory, and the Shared GPU memory used and the amounts available. There are also details about the driver version used, the driver date, DirectX version, the amount of Hardware reserved memory, if any, and the Physical location, which shows you the PCI bus to which the video card is connected inside your computer.
4. Task Manager allows the user to monitor the current network utilization (Wi-Fi, Ethernet, Bluetooth)
To monitor your network usage, first, select which of your network interfaces you want to monitor. You can do that from the resource list on the left side of the Task Manager Performance tab. If you prefer, you can also right-click or press-and-hold anywhere in the Performance tab and choose "View -> Network."
The Ethernet and Wi-Fi connections are listed separately, along with any virtual network adapters you might use for virtual machines or Bluetooth adapters. Choose the interface that you want to monitor. The graph displays the total usage for the last minute, and the chart below shows information about the data sending and receiving speeds, the connection type, and the IP address. You can also see the average send and receive speeds in the list from the left side of the window, under each network adapter.
For a greater level of details about your network usage, right-click or press-and-hold the graph and click or tap on "View network details."
The resulting window displays tons of useful information for the discerning network technician including the total network utilization, link-state and speed, bytes sent/received and the number of unicast and non-unicast packets sent and received.
5. Task Manager allows the user to monitor the current storage utilization (HDD or SSD)
Another resource that you may want to monitor is Disk usage. You can get to it by selecting it in the list from the left of the Performance tab in Task Manager. Or, if you prefer, right-click (or press-and-hold) somewhere inside the window and go to "View -> Disk."
This section allows you to see the activity of your hard drives or solid-state drives. The top graph displays disk usage over the past 60 seconds, while the bottom graph displays how fast your data is getting transferred.
Below the graphs, there is more information, including the percentage of time your drives have been active, the average speed with which they respond to requests, the average read and write speeds and the drives' capacities.
6. View a summary of the utilization of a system resource (processor, graphics, memory, network or storage)
If you plan to monitor resource usage over an extended period, you may want to minimize the amount of information displayed in the Task Manager window. After all, you cannot minimize the window and watch it at the same time. To preserve screen space, the Task Manager offers a graph summary view that shows only the current charts and nothing else. To try it out, double-click (double-tap) on the graph of the system resource you want to monitor. Alternatively, you can also right-click or press-and-hold on the system resource graph and then click or tap on "Graph summary view."
The resulting window is smaller and less cluttered. This is what you get for the processor (CPU):
Also, this is what you get for a wireless card:
The mini-graphs you get for the other system resources are similar to the ones above.
7. View a summary of the utilization of all the essential system resources at the same time, in a single small window
If you would rather get a quick view of all your resources usage, you can right-click or press-and-hold the list of resources and click or tap "Summary View."
The Task Manager window shrinks down to show you each resource and its percentage of total usage, making it easier to monitor without taking up too much screen real estate.
In the latest versions of Windows 10, the column from the left side of the Task Manager windows shows mini-graphs for each resource usage, by default. They're also shown in the Summary view by default. However, in older versions of Windows, you might not see them by default. If that is the case for you, right-click or press-and-hold the list and select "Show graphs" to display them.
How to copy and paste information about the use of your system resources
Now that you know how to view all that useful information about your system's resources, you may want to record some of the data. While you could take a screenshot, you would only end up with an image, which is not useful if you need to work with that information. Fortunately, you can copy and paste the data that you need. Right-click or press-and-hold on the data chart from any resource and click or tap Copy.
Open a word processor or spreadsheet application and paste the data for a well-formatted info dump that you can use for presentations or records.
Why did you want to check the usage of your CPU, RAM, GPU, and other system resources?
Now you know how to use the Task Manager in Windows 10 and Windows 8.1, to keep tabs on your system's performance. The data charts for each resource share plenty of information, and both techies and home users alike appreciate the data they can gather from the Performance tab of Task Manager. You know that the Task Manager is a neat tool that allows you to monitor the current CPU and memory utilization, as well as check the GPU usage, or the usage of other important resources such as your network interfaces or storage drives. If you have any questions on this subject, do not hesitate to leave a comment below.
