使用互联网(Internet)开展业务已成为必需品。但是，它也增加了安全威胁和诈骗的风险。
您的Internet 路由器(Internet router)是您使用的设备与外界之间的链接。它也处于被黑客利用的位置。
不要(Don)认为你的家庭系统是安全的或太小，以至于坏人无法瞄准。2018(April 2018)年4 月，美国国土安全部(US Department of Homeland Security)警告称，俄罗斯黑客正在攻击ISP(ISPs)、家庭路由器和防火墙。
建立一个安全的家庭网络是保护您的身份和数据(protect your identity and data)的必要条件。没有办法保证 100% 安全。但是，您可以对网络安全采取一些预防措施，使自己成为更难攻击的目标。
确保您的网络安全已启用(Make Sure Your Network Security is Enabled)
大多数家庭都有多个设备连接到他们的网络，例如智能手机、游戏系统、电视(TVs)、计算机、可穿戴设备和平板电脑。每个连接的设备都必须具有最新的操作系统、安全软件和 Web 浏览器。
恶意代码、恶意软件(malware)或黑客能够访问一台支持 Internet 的设备，将能够感染或窃取连接到同一网络的任何其他设备的私人信息。
保护您的路由器(Secure Your Router)
北美(North America)超过四分之三的家庭使用Wi-Fi作为他们与(Wi-Fi)互联网(Internet)的主要连接。当您添加Internet连接时，您的提供商安装了调制解调器和路由器（或组合）、网络名称和密码。
不要使用默认的用户名和密码。黑客可以通过简单的Google(Google)搜索访问您的路由器型号。一旦他们有权访问，他们就可以重置您的密码、重命名您的网络，并从可用选项中更改任何配置。
请按照以下步骤来提高您的无线网络安全性：
- 更改您的服务集标识符(Change your Service Set Identifier)(SSID)(Change your Service Set Identifier (SSID))：这是分配给您的 Wi-Fi 网络的名称。让黑客更难识别您拥有的路由器类型并将其用于任何已知漏洞。请勿使用包含任何个人信息或任何其他易于解释的可识别数据的名称。使用您独有且难以猜测的名称。
- 为客人创建密码(Create a Password for Guests)(Create a Password for Guests)：如果您家中有常客，请创建一个单独的网络供他们使用。
- 更改路由器预设密码(Change the Router Preset Passphrase)(Change the Router Preset Passphrase)：每个路由器都带有一个默认密码，也称为WPA或安全密钥(Security Key)。这是将您连接到无线网络的密码。使用长度至少为 12 个字符的强密码。
您可能还想选择更高安全性的选项。如果您的提供商提供WPA2，请使用此级别的安全性(level of security)。下一个最好的网络安全选项是WPA，WEP是最不安全的。
保持您的软件更新(Keep Your Software Updated)
软件(Software)会经常更新，以包括针对新发现的漏洞和威胁的安全修复和关键补丁。为提高家庭办公网络的网络安全性，您可以采取的最有效的步骤之一是定期更新您的软件(update your software regularly)。
安装网络防火墙(Install a Network Firewall)
在您的家庭网络上安装防火墙(Installing a firewall)将保护它免受威胁。它将防止未经授权的访问尝试并阻止恶意流量。
大多数路由器都带有内置防火墙。有些具有额外的网络安全功能，例如分布式拒绝服务 (DDoS)(distributed denial-of-service (DDoS))防御、Web 过滤和访问控制。
确保(Make)启用防火墙，因为默认情况下某些已关闭。如果您有任何问题或疑虑，请联系您的互联网(Internet)服务提供商寻求帮助。
删除未使用的软件和服务(Remove Unused Software & Services)
删除(Remove any software or services)网络上您不使用的任何软件或服务，以降低网络安全风险。许多新计算机都预装了试用应用程序和称为 bloatware 的软件程序。
膨胀软件不仅会降低网络设备的性能，还会侵犯您的隐私。
挡住你的相机(Block Your Camera)
我们都听过“老大哥在看着你”的类笑话。(Big Brother is Watching You.)不幸的是，这不再是一个笑话。
许多网站和应用程序会要求访问您计算机的麦克风和网络摄像头。除非您 100% 确定它是安全可靠的来源，否则不要授予访问权限。如果你这样做了，那么某个地方的某个人正在注视着你。
为了确保没有人，包括那些未经许可的人，可以访问您的网络摄像头，请挡住您的摄像头(block your camera)，在上面贴上胶带或印章以保护您自己。
以防万一——备份您的数据(Just in Case – Back Up Your Data)
遵循上述步骤将降低您的家庭或办公室网络受到攻击的风险。不幸的是，您无法做到 100% 免受黑客攻击。
企业需要定期备份其数据(regularly backup their data)以防止感染、丢失或损坏。使用基于云的服务、外部媒体或第三方备份应用程序来自动化和简化流程。不要(Don)忘记加密备份以保护它。
然后，如果您确实被黑客入侵，您至少可以恢复。
How to Improve the Network Security for Your Home or Office
Using the Internet for business hаs become a necessity. However, it also increases the risk of ѕecurity threats and scams.
Your Internet router is the link between the devices you use and the outside world. It is also in a position to be exploited by hackers.
Don’t think that your home system is safe or too small for the bad guys to target. In April 2018, the US Department of Homeland Security warned that Russian hackers were attacking ISPs, home routers, and firewalls.
Setting up a secure home network is a necessity to protect your identity and data. There is no way to be 100% secure. However, there are several preventative measures you can take with your network security to make yourself a more difficult target to attack.
Make Sure Your Network Security is Enabled
Most homes have multiple devices connected to their network, such as smartphones, gaming systems, TVs, computers, wearable devices, and tablets. Each connected device must have the latest operating system, security software, and web browsers.
Malicious code, malware or hackers that gain access to one Internet-enabled device will have the ability to infect or steal private information from any other device connected to the same network.
Secure Your Router
More than three-quarters of households in North America use Wi-Fi as their primary connection to the Internet. When you added Internet connectivity, your provider installed a modem and router (or a combination), a name for your network, and a password.
Do not use the default username and password. Hackers can gain access to your router model with a simple Google search. Once they have access, they can reset your password, rename your network, and change any configurations from the available options.
Follow the steps below to improve your wireless network security:
- Change your Service Set Identifier (SSID): This is the name assigned to your Wi-Fi network. Make it more difficult for hackers to identify the type of router you have and exploit it for any known vulnerabilities. Don’t use a name that includes any personal information or any other identifiable data that is easy to interpret. Use a name that is unique to you and difficult to guess.
- Create a Password for Guests: If you have frequent guests to your home, create a separate network for them to use.
- Change the Router Preset Passphrase: Each router comes with a default passphrase, also known as a WPA or Security Key. This is the password that connects you to the wireless network. Use a strong password that is at least 12 characters long.
You might want to also choose higher security options. If your provider offers WPA2, use this level of security. The next best network security options are WPA, with WEP being the least secure.
Keep Your Software Updated
Software is updated frequently to include security fixes and critical patches for newly discovered vulnerabilities and threats. One of the most effective steps you can take to improve cybersecurity for your home office network is to update your software regularly.
Install a Network Firewall
Installing a firewall on your home network will defend it against threats. It will guard against unauthorized access attempts and block malicious traffic.
Most routers come with a built-in firewall. Some have additional network security features such as a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) defense, web-filtering, and access controls.
Make sure that you enable your firewall as some are turned off by default. If you have questions or concerns, contact your Internet service provider for assistance.
Remove Unused Software & Services
Remove any software or services on your network you aren’t using to reduce network security risks. Many new computers come pre-installed with trial applications and software programs called bloatware.
Not only can bloatware reduce your network devices’ performance, but it can also violate your privacy.
Block Your Camera
We have all heard the quasi-joke that Big Brother is Watching You. Unfortunately, it isn’t a joke anymore.
Many websites and apps will ask for access to your computer’s microphone and webcam. Unless you are 100% certain that it is a safe and trusted source, don’t grant the access. If you do, someone, somewhere, is watching you.
To make sure that no one, including those who don’t ask permission, has access to your webcam, block your camera, put a piece of tape or a stamp over it to protect yourself.
Just in Case – Back Up Your Data
Following the steps above will reduce the risks of attacks on your home or office network. Unfortunately, there is nothing you can do to be 100% safe from hackers.
Businesses need to regularly backup their data to protect against infection, loss, or corruption. Use a cloud-based service, external media, or a third-party backup application to automate and simplify the process. Don’t forget to encrypt the backup to protect it.
Then, if you do get hacked, you can at least recover.
