如果您已启动 Windows PC 并且遇到“无法启动设备”错误，您可能会感到恐慌。虽然这可能表明您的硬盘驱动器出现故障，但也可能表明引导顺序配置错误(misconfigured boot order)或系统文件损坏，可以使用某些Windows系统命令（如系统文件检查器(System File Checker)( SFC )）进行修复。
“无法启动设备”错误可能是有问题的，但也可以通过遵循一些常见的故障排除步骤来修复它。如果您遇到此错误并且不确定如何修复它，以下步骤应该可以帮助您解决Windows 10上的问题。
检查您的驱动器引导顺序(Check Your Drive Boot Order)
在许多情况下，“无可启动设备”错误表明您的 PC 无法找到正确的驱动器来启动，因为确定应该加载哪些驱动器和设备以及加载顺序的引导顺序配置不正确。要解决此问题，您需要进入 PC 的BIOS或UEFI设置菜单。
- 首先打开你的电脑。当它开始启动时，您需要按某个键来中断该过程并访问您的BIOS/UEFI设置菜单。检查您的 PC 或笔记本电脑的手册以了解要按下的正确键，或尝试常用键，例如F1、F10、F12和DEL。
- BIOS或UEFI设置菜单因设备而异。在您的菜单中找到设备启动选项(device boot options )并使用屏幕上的说明更改顺序，确保您的Windows系统驱动器位于第一个位置。
更改启动顺序后，按照屏幕上的说明保存设置并重新启动 PC。当您的 PC 重新启动并假设没有其他问题时，您的系统驱动器将首先加载，从而允许Windows启动过程开始。
检查你的布线(Check Your Cabling)
但是，如果还有其他问题导致“无法启动设备”错误，则需要进一步调查。例如，如果您有一台台式电脑，您可能需要打开机箱并检查线缆，以确保硬盘驱动器的电源线和数据线连接正确。
如果您的驱动器电缆松动，则可能没有足够的电源来启动它。同样(Likewise)，如果驱动器到主板的数据线松动，则驱动器无法使用，从而导致错误。
但是，在结案之前，您还应该检查是否有损坏。磨损或裸露的电缆也可能使您的驱动器无法工作。当您发现损坏的电缆时，请务必(Always)更换它，以防止驱动器损坏。
使用 SFC 扫描损坏的系统文件(Scan for Corrupt System Files Using SFC)
如果您的硬盘驱动器连接正确，则可能表明Windows(Windows)安装已损坏。您可以使用系统文件检查器(System File Checker) (SFC)工具检查损坏的系统文件。
但是，由于Windows无法启动，您需要先创建一个 Windows 10 安装 U 盘(create a Windows 10 installation USB stick)（或 DVD）。这将使您可以访问Windows安装菜单中的命令提示符，允许您运行SFC命令来扫描驱动器上的损坏文件。
但是，这仅在您的 PC 在BIOS/UEFI菜单和Windows安装介质中检测到您的驱动器时才有效。否则，此步骤将不起作用，您需要尝试其他方法。
- 首先，插入您的Windows安装媒体并启动您的 PC。您可能需要更改引导顺序（使用上述步骤）以确保首先选择您的USB或DVD媒体。出现Windows安装屏幕后，选择Shift + F10键打开命令提示符窗口(command prompt window)。
- 在命令提示符窗口中，键入diskpart，然后列出卷。(list volume. )这将为您提供可用驱动器的列表以及它们的驱动器号。记下分配给包含现有(Make)Windows安装的驱动器和较小的系统保留(System Reserved )分区的驱动器号。
- 知道系统驱动器号后，键入exit退出diskpart，然后键入sfc /scannow /offbootdir=C:\ /offwindir=D:\Windowsoffbootdir的文件路径替换为分配给系统保留(System Reserved )分区的驱动器号（通常为 100MB大小）和offwindr以及分配给现有Windows安装的驱动器号。
如果您的系统保留(System Reserved)分区未分配驱动器号，请键入sel vol 0（将0替换为正确的卷号），然后在键入exit之前键入assign letter Z :。
- SFC将检查并尝试修复现有Windows安装中的任何错误。该过程完成后，按右上角的关闭按钮以关闭命令提示符和(Close)Windows安装窗口并重新启动 PC。
使用 Diskpart 修复 Windows 引导加载程序（GPT 或 MBR）(Repair Windows Bootloader (GPT or MBR) Using Diskpart)
较旧的Windows安装使用主引导记录(Master Boot Record)( MBR ) 将硬盘分区信息保存到您的驱动器，从而为您的 PC 提供有关在何处查找和加载Windows系统文件的信息。如果您最近从 MBR 切换到 GPT(switched from MBR to GPT)，则您的引导加载程序可能已损坏。
由于 PC 的BIOS/UEFI需要此信息来启动Windows，因此您需要先使用diskpart命令修复或更换它。但是，这会带来极大的风险( extreme risk)，并可能导致您丢失驱动器上所有保存的数据。如果您不确定自己在做什么，则需要先使用另一种方法(use another method)来备份您的驱动器。
如果要继续，首先需要USB驱动器或DVD上的(DVD)Windows安装介质，以便能够在不再启动的驱动器上运行此命令。
- 首先，插入您的安装媒体并启动您的 PC 并更改您的启动顺序（使用上述步骤）以加载Windows安装程序。出现安装菜单后，选择Shift + F10 键以打开新的命令提示符窗口。
- 在新的命令提示符窗口中，键入diskpart，然后列出磁盘(list disk)。通过检查您的系统驱动器在GPT(GPT )列下是否有星号来确定您是否有GPT或MBR引导加载程序。(MBR)如果是这样（或者如果该列完全丢失），请键入sel disk 0（将0替换为(0)list disk命令列出的正确卷磁盘号），然后列出 volume(list volume)。此时记下分配的驱动器号。
- 如果您有 MBR 引导加载程序，请键入exit关闭diskpart，然后依次运行以下命令来修复引导加载程序并重新启动 PC：bootrec /fixboot, bootrec /scanos, bootrec /rebuildbcd, shutdown /r。如果该过程成功，您的系统驱动器应正确启动。如果您看到拒绝访问(access is denied)警告，您可能正在尝试修复GPT驱动器上的MBR引导加载程序。
- 如果您有GPT引导加载程序，请通过键入sel vol 0选择(sel vol 0)100MB 系统保留(100MB System Reserved )或（系统 EFI(System EFI) ）分区，将0替换为(0)list volume命令列出的正确卷号。通过键入assign letter Z : （将Z:替换为另一个可用的驱动器号）为该驱动器分配一个新的驱动器号。
- 分配后，键入exit关闭diskpart，然后依次运行以下命令来修复现有的GPT引导加载程序，将驱动器号替换为您之前分配的盘符：cd /d Z:\efi\microsoft\boot\, attrib BCD -s -h -r, ren BCD BCDold.bak, bcdboot C:\Windows /l en-us /s k: /f ALL。如果命令成功，请键入shutdown /r以重新启动您的 PC。
如果这些步骤不起作用，或者您的引导加载程序已完全损坏，您可能需要擦除并重新安装 Windows(wipe and reinstall Windows)。这将在您的系统驱动器上放置一个新的引导加载程序，但您可能会在此过程中丢失所有保存的文件。
维护 Windows 10 安装(Maintaining a Windows 10 Installation)
Windows 10 PC上的“无可启动设备”错误可能表明需要紧急维护。通过定期系统更新(regular system updates)和计划的文件备份(scheduled file backup)保持您的 PC 得到良好维护可以帮助您，尤其是在您的硬件出现故障并且您需要将 Windows 重置为出厂设置的情况下(reset Windows to factory settings)。
当然，如果驱动器损坏导致这些问题，可能是时候升级您的 PC(upgrade your PC)并完全更换驱动器了。从较旧的硬盘驱动器切换到SSHD 或 SSD 驱动器(an SSHD or SSD drive)应该可以提高速度和效率，但您可能需要投资购买优质的外部硬盘驱动器(good external hard drive)，以保护您的重要文件免受突然数据丢失的影响。
How to Fix a No Bootable Device Error on Windows 10
If you’ve started up yоur Wіndows PC and you’re faced with a “no bootable devicе” error, you might panic. While it could be a sign that your hard drivе has failed, it could also point to a misconfigured boot order or corrupt system files, which can be fixed using certain Windows system commands like the System File Checker (SFC).
A “no bootable device” error can be problematic, but it can also be fixed by following some common troubleshooting steps. If you’re facing this error and you’re not sure how to fix it, the steps below should help you resolve the issue on Windows 10.
Check Your Drive Boot Order
In many cases, a “no bootable device” error is a sign that your PC can’t find the correct drive to boot up because the boot order, which determines which drives and devices it should load and in what order, is incorrectly configured. To fix this, you’ll need to enter your PC’s BIOS or UEFI settings menu.
- Start by switching on your PC. As it begins to boot, you’ll need to press a certain key to interrupt the process and access your BIOS/UEFI settings menu. Check your PC or laptop’s manual for the correct key to press, or attempt common keys such as F1, F10, F12, and DEL.
- The BIOS or UEFI settings menu will differ from device to device. Locate the device boot options in your menu and change the order using the on-screen instructions, making sure that your Windows system drive is in the first position.
With the boot order changed, follow the on-screen instructions to save your settings and reboot your PC. When your PC reboots, and assuming no other issues, your system drive will load first, allowing the Windows boot-up process to begin.
Check Your Cabling
If there are other issues causing a “no bootable device” error, however, you’ll need to investigate further. If you have a desktop PC, for instance, you may need to open the case and check the cabling to ensure that your hard drive’s power and data cables are connected properly.
If your drive has loose cabling, there may not be enough power for it to boot. Likewise, if the data cable from your drive to your motherboard is loose, your drive can’t be used, causing the error.
Before you close your case, however, you should also check for damage. A frayed or exposed cable may also stop your drive from working. Always replace damaged cabling when you spot it to prevent your drive from being damaged.
Scan for Corrupt System Files Using SFC
If your hard drive is connected properly, it could point to a corrupt Windows installation. You can check for corrupt system files using the System File Checker (SFC) tool.
As Windows can’t boot, however, you’ll need to create a Windows 10 installation USB stick (or DVD) first. This will give you access to a command prompt in the Windows installation menu, allowing you to run the SFC command to scan for corrupt files on your drive.
However, this will only work if your drive is detected by your PC in your BIOS/UEFI menu and by the Windows installation media. Otherwise, this step won’t work, and you’ll need to try another method.
- To start, insert your Windows installation media and start up your PC. You may need to change the boot order (using the steps above) to ensure your USB or DVD media is selected first. Once the Windows installation screen appears, select the Shift + F10 keys to open a command prompt window.
- In the command prompt window, type diskpart, then list volume. This will give you a list of available drives, as well as their drive letters. Make note of the drive letters assigned to the drive containing your existing Windows installation and to the smaller System Reserved partition.
- Once you know your system drive letter, type exit to exit diskpart, then ype sfc /scannow /offbootdir=C:\ /offwindir=D:\Windows, replacing the file paths for offbootdir with the drive letter assigned to your System Reserved partition (usually 100MB in size) and offwindr with the drive letter assigned to your existing Windows installation.
If your System Reserved partition isn’t assigned a drive letter, type sel vol 0 (replacing 0 with the correct volume number), then type assign letter Z: before typing exit.
- SFC will check and attempt to repair any errors in your existing Windows installation. Once the process is complete, press the Close button in the top-right corner to close both the command prompt and Windows installation windows and restart your PC.
Repair Windows Bootloader (GPT or MBR) Using Diskpart
Older Windows installations used a Master Boot Record (MBR) to save hard drive partition information to your drive, giving your PC information on where to find and load Windows system files. If you’ve switched from MBR to GPT recently, you may have corrupted your bootloader.
As a PC’s BIOS/UEFI requires this information to boot Windows, you’ll need to repair or replace it first using the diskpart command. This carries extreme risk, however, and could cause you to lose all saved data on a drive. If you’re unsure what you’re doing, you’ll need to use another method to back up your drive first.
If you want to proceed, you’ll need Windows installation media on a USB drive or DVD first to be able to run this command on a drive that no longer boots.
- To begin, insert your installation media and start your PC and change your boot order (using the steps above) to load the Windows installer. Once the installation menu appears, select the Shift + F10 keys to open a new command prompt window.
- In the new command prompt window, type diskpart, then list disk. Identify whether or not you have an GPT or MBR bootloader by checking whether or not your system drive has an asterisk under the GPT column. If it does (or if the column is missing entirely), type sel disk 0 (replacing 0 with the correct volume disk number listed by the list disk command), then list volume. Make a note of the assigned drive letters at this point.
- If you have an MBR bootloader, type exit to close diskpart, then run the following commands sequentially to repair your bootloader and restart your PC: bootrec /fixboot, bootrec /scanos, bootrec /rebuildbcd, shutdown /r. If the process is successful, your system drive should boot up correctly. If you see an access is denied warning, you’re probably trying to repair a MBR bootloader on a GPT drive.
- If you have a GPT bootloader, select the 100MB System Reserved or (System EFI) partition by typing sel vol 0, replacing 0 with the correct volume number listed by the list volume command. Assign a new drive letter to that drive by typing assign letter Z: (replacing Z: with another available drive letter).
- Once assigned, type exit to close diskpart, then run the following commands sequentially to repair the existing GPT bootloader, replacing drive letters with the letter you assigned previously: cd /d Z:\efi\microsoft\boot\, attrib BCD -s -h -r, ren BCD BCDold.bak, bcdboot C:\Windows /l en-us /s k: /f ALL. If the commands are successful, type shutdown /r to restart your PC.
If these steps don’t work, or if you’ve corrupted your bootloader entirely, you may need to wipe and reinstall Windows. This will place a new bootloader on your system drive, but you’ll probably lose any saved files in the process.
Maintaining a Windows 10 Installation
A “no bootable device” error on a Windows 10 PC can be a sign that urgent maintenance is required. Keeping your PC well maintained with regular system updates and a scheduled file backup can help you, especially if your hardware has failed and you need to reset Windows to factory settings.
Of course, if a broken drive is causing these issues, it could be time to upgrade your PC and replace your drive completely. Switching from an older hard drive to an SSHD or SSD drive should improve speed and efficiency, but you may want to invest in a good external hard drive to keep your essential files safe from sudden data loss.
