如今，工作的TPM设备对于Microsoft Windows计算机上的各种功能至关重要，这对(Microsoft Windows)Windows 11来说是一项硬性要求。大多数现代计算机都有TPM(TPMs)，有时它们可能会出错。
如果您在启动时或在Windows中收到“未检测到(Windows)TPM 设备(TPM Device)错误”的错误消息，则可能有几个原因导致系统的此组件无法正常工作。这个确切的错误通常与戴尔笔记本电脑有关，但是(Dell Laptops)TPM丢失或故障的问题可能会影响任何品牌的计算机。
什么是 TPM？
TPM或可信平台模块(Platform Module)是计算机中的安全芯片，可提供安全的加密密钥，让您保护数据并防止未经授权访问您的计算机。任何使用(Any)TPM加密的数据都只能使用它来解密。
一台计算机可以有两种类型的TPM。第一个是位于主板上的模块。这可以是主板的永久部分，也可以作为可拆卸模块存在。
第二种类型的TPM存在于计算机的CPU中，称为 f TPM或固件 TPM(Firmware TPM)。
Windows 11 的系统要求(Windows 11’s system requirements)规定了一个TPM 2.0模块，这就是为什么许多较旧的CPU(CPUs)和主板可能不受支持，因为它们使用的是较旧版本的TPM或根本没有 TPM。
你甚至有 TPM 芯片吗？
在Windows 11之前，拥有TPM被认为是一项业务功能，这在典型的个人笔记本电脑或游戏 PC 中是找不到的。
最好在线查找您的主板和CPU，看看它们是否将TPM 2.0列为设备型号规格的官方部分。在根本没有 TPM 设备的计算机上出现任何“未检测到TPM设备”错误都是完全合理的。(TPM)任何需要此技术的软件或功能都会给您一个错误。您还可以在Windows 设备管理器中的(Windows Device Manager)安全(Security)设备(Devices)下检查是否存在TPM。
检查您的网络连接(Network Connection)（或联系(Or Contact)管理员(Admin)）
在某些情况下，TPM被配置为与网络连接协同工作。例如，系统管理员可以通过您公司的有线网络连接控制密钥和验证过程。
这意味着如果网络连接出现问题，它可能会阻止您的计算机启动并导致错误。您应该做的第一件事是检查物理连接是否正常工作。您的网络适配器通常会有一个“链接”指示灯，用于确认电缆已连接并正常工作。
如果您的连接在物理上看起来一切正常，但TPM仍然无法正常工作，您需要与系统管理员联系，以查看必须输入TPM密钥的服务器是否存在问题。
确保已启用 TPM
虽然您的计算机可能配备了TPM，但这并不意味着它已被激活。是否启用TPM取决于BIOS中的切换设置。由于每个BIOS都因主板的品牌和型号而异，因此您需要查看主板手册以获取准确的说明。或者，您可以在安全选项卡下查找“启用TPM ”设置，这是通常的位置。
访问您的BIOS（或UEFI）通常是通过在计算机启动时按特定键来完成的。该密钥应在启动时显示在屏幕上，或者您可以在计算机或主板手册中找到它。它通常是Del键或F12，但存在许多变体，例如带有功能键的Ctrl或简单的(Ctrl)Esc键。
安装最新的 Windows 驱动程序
在计算机的BIOS(BIOS)中启用TPM硬件是很好的第一步，但要让TPM在(TPM)Windows本身中完成工作，您仍然需要受信任的平台模块(Trusted Platform Module)驱动程序。这些驱动程序应作为主板驱动程序集的一部分包含在内，或由Windows Update自动更新和维护。如果没有，您可以手动更新它。
要更新您的 TPM：
- 右键单击(Right-click)开始按钮(Start Button)并打开设备管理器(Device Manager)。
- 在设备管理器(Device Manager)中，展开安全(Security) 设备(Devices)并查找Trusted Platform Module 2.0。
- 右键单击(Right-click)TPM 的条目并选择更新驱动程序(Update Driver)。
- 选择(Choose Search)自动搜索并根据提示完成该过程。
如果此方法不起作用，您应该首先访问您的主板（或笔记本电脑）制造商的官方网站，并检查是否有更新的TPM驱动程序。然后手动下载并安装它们。一般不需要先卸载旧驱动，新驱动会替换掉。
更新您的 TPM 模块固件
最新版本的TPM固件可以解决错误、添加TPM功能、使其保持最新以与更高版本的操作系统正常工作或使其与最新的 Windows 驱动器兼容。要更新主板的TPM模块，您需要制造商提供的特定更新实用程序。
例如，戴尔(Dell)为其客户提供TPM 固件更新工具(TPM firmware update tool)。如果您的TPM(TPM)模块
有新的固件更新，请咨询您的特定制造商。
将 BIOS/UEFI 重置为出厂默认设置
您的BIOS是直接控制主板的固件，使您可以首先启动计算机。TPM模块取决于正确配置的 BIOS（或现代计算机中
的UEFI(BIOS)）。(UEFI)
要排除TPM问题背后的错误配置问题，请将 BIOS 或 UEFI(reset the BIOS or UEFI )设置重置为默认设置，看看是否可以解决问题。访问BIOS或UEFI因一台计算机而异。通常，它需要您按特定的键或组合键，该键在启动时显示在屏幕上。如果没有，请参阅您的计算机或主板手册。
进入BIOS后，应该有一个“重置为默认值”选项，通常与“保存并退出”和“不保存退出”在同一页面上。您不必担心在Windows中丢失任何数据；这只会影响BIOS中的设置。
耗尽所有系统电源
如果重置BIOS设置对(BIOS)TPM错误没有帮助，在某些情况下似乎可行的另一个技巧是完全耗尽计算机的电源，然后重新启动它。
在台式计算机上，关闭计算机，然后从电源背面拔下电源线。在此之后，按住电源按钮约 30 秒，以确保任何电容器保持充电，将其放电。然后重新连接电源并再次打开计算机。
在笔记本电脑上，这只有在您有可拆卸电池的情况下才有可能，最好是无需打开笔记本电脑就可以取出的电池。该过程与台式计算机相同，但您还必须卸下电池。如果您没有易于拆卸的电池，则不值得冒着损坏计算机的潜在风险将其卸下来尝试进行此修复。
更新或回滚您的 BIOS
如果您的BIOS或UEFI有新的固件更新，特别提到TPM的改进或修复，那么值得考虑您的TPM是否正常运行。或者，如果您的TPM问题始于主板的固件更新，那么也可以选择闪回之前的版本。
无论哪种方式，请仔细考虑BIOS或UEFI固件更新的风险，如果发生任何中断它，您可能会卡在一块死板的主板上，所以这应该是最后的手段。
手动清除 TPM
您可以手动清除TPM作为重置它的另一种方式。在执行此操作之前，您需要解密并备份已使用TPM加密的所有数据。在Windows上，这主要包括由(Windows)BitLocker加密的任何内容。请务必在清除 TPM 之前关闭 BitLocker ，否则您可能会丢失数据！(turn off BitLocker)即使您这样做，也将不可替代的数据备份到云或外部驱动器。
- 转到Start > Settings > Update > Windows Security > Device Security。
- 在安全(Security)处理器下，打开安全(Security)处理器详细信息。
- 现在选择安全(Security)处理器故障排除。
- 选择清除 TPM。
您还可以直接从“开始”菜单(Start Menu)搜索安全(Security)处理器故障排除。
更换 TPM 模块
如果您的计算机有一个可拆卸的TPM模块，而您尝试过的其他方法均无效，则可以将其更换为与您的主板兼容的新模块。就像(Just)清除您的TPM一样，如果您有机会，您应该在执行此操作之前解密并备份您的数据。没有它，任何使用旧TPM(TPM)加密的数据都将无法读取。
联系您的OEM（原始设备制造商(Equipment Manufacturer)）
如果您没有可移动的TPM并且您尝试的任何方法都不起作用，那么值得与您的主板供应商或OEM系统制造商联系以寻求帮助。您的系统可能仍在保修期内，您可能有资格获得维修或更换。
How to Fix “TPM Device Is Not Detected Error” in Windows
These days, a workіng TPM device is essential for various functions on your Microsoft Windows computer, and it’s a hard requirement for Windows 11. Most modern computers have TPMs, and sometimes they can go wrong.
If you’re getting an error message that your “TPM Device Is Not Detected error,” either at bootup or within Windows, there could be a few reasons why this component of your system isn’t working correctly. This exact error is usually tied to Dell Laptops, but the issue of a missing or faulty TPM is something that can affect any brand of computer.
What Is a TPM?
A TPM or Trusted Platform Module is a security chip in your computer that provides secure cryptographic keys that let you secure data and prevent unauthorized access to your computer. Any data encrypted using the TPM can only be decrypted using that.
A computer can have two types of TPM. The first is a module that lives on the motherboard. This can be a permanent part of the motherboard, or it can exist as a removable module.
The second type of TPM exists within the computer’s CPU and is known as an fTPM or Firmware TPM.
Windows 11’s system requirements stipulate a TPM 2.0 module, which is why many older CPUs and motherboards may not be supported, given that they use an older version TPM or don’t have one at all.
Do You Even Have a TPM Chip?
Before Windows 11, having a TPM was considered a business feature, and it’s not something you’d find in typical personal laptops or gaming PCs.
It’s a good idea to look up your motherboard and CPU online to see if they have a TPM 2.0 listed as an official part of the device’s model specifications. Any “TPM device not detected” error on a computer that doesn’t have one at all makes perfect sense. Any software or features that require this technology will give you an error. You can also check for the presence of a TPM in the Windows Device Manager under Security Devices.
Check Your Network Connection (Or Contact the Admin)
In some cases, a TPM is configured to work in tandem with a network connection. For example, a system administrator may control the keys and validation process over your company’s wired network connection.
This means that if there’s something wrong with the network connection, it may prevent your computer from starting up and result in an error. The first thing you should do is check that the physical connection is working. Your network adapter will usually have a “link” light that confirms the cable is connected and working.
If everything seems physically okay with your connection, but the TPM still doesn’t work, you’ll need to get in touch with the system administrator to see if there’s an issue with the server that has to enter the TPM keys.
Ensure TPM Is Enabled
While your computer may be equipped with a TPM, that doesn’t mean it’s activated. Whether the TPM is enabled or not depends on a toggle setting in your BIOS. Since every BIOS differs depending on the brand and model of the motherboard, you’ll want to check the motherboard manual for exact instructions. Alternatively, you can look for an “enable TPM” setting under the security tab, which is the usual location.
Accessing your BIOS (or UEFI) is usually done by pressing a specific key as the computer boots up. The key should be displayed on-screen at startup, or you can find it in the computer or motherboard’s manual. It’s usually the Del key or F12, but numerous variations exist such as Ctrl with a function key or simple Esc key.
Install the Latest Windows Drivers
Enabling your TPM hardware in your computer’s BIOS is a good first step, but for the TPM to do its job in Windows itself, you still need a Trusted Platform Module driver. These drivers should be included as part of your motherboard’s driver set or automatically updated and maintained by Windows Update. If not, you can manually update it.
To update your TPM:
- Right-click on the Start Button and open Device Manager.
- In Device Manager, expand Security Devices and look for Trusted Platform Module 2.0.
- Right-click on the TPM’s entry and select Update Driver.
- Choose Search automatically and complete the process as prompted.
If this method doesn’t work, you should first visit your motherboard (or laptop) manufacturer’s official website and check if there are updated TPM drivers. Then download and install them manually. Generally, you don’t need to uninstall the old drivers first, the new drivers will replace them.
Update Your TPM Module Firmware
The latest version of the firmware for your TPM can resolve bugs, add TPM features, bring it up to date to work properly with later versions of your operating system or make it compatible with the latest Windows drives. To update your motherboard’s TPM module, you’ll need the specific update utility from the manufacturer.
For example, Dell offers its customers a TPM firmware update tool. Check with your specific manufacturer if there’s a new firmware update for your TPM module.
Reset BIOS/UEFI to Factory Defaults
Your BIOS is the firmware that controls the motherboard directly and makes it possible to boot the computer up in the first place. The TPM module depends on the BIOS (or UEFI in modern computers) being properly configured.
To rule out that a misconfiguration problem is behind your TPM issues, reset the BIOS or UEFI settings to default and see if that resolves the problem. Accessing your BIOS or UEFI differs from one computer to another. Usually, it requires you to press a specific key or key combination, which is displayed on-screen at startup. If not, refer to your computer or motherboard’s manual.
Once in your BIOS, there should be a “reset to default” option, usually on the same page as “save and exit” and “exit without saving.” You don’t have to worry about losing any data in Windows; this only affects the settings in your BIOS.
Drain All System Power
If resetting your BIOS settings doesn’t help with your TPM error, another trick that seems to work in some cases is to completely drain the computer of power and then boot it up again.
On a desktop computer, shut down the computer, then remove the power cord from the rear of the power supply. Following this, hold the power button for about 30 seconds to ensure that any capacitors holding a charge, discharge it. Then reconnect the power and turn the computer on again.
On a laptop, this is only possible if you have a removable battery, preferably one that can be removed without opening the laptop itself. The process is the same as for desktop computers, but you must also remove the battery. If you don’t have an easily removable battery, it’s not worth the potential risk of damage to your computer to remove it to attempt this fix.
Update or Roll Back Your BIOS
If there’s a new firmware update for your BIOS or UEFI that specifically mentions improvements or fixes to TPM, it’s worth considering if your TPM is acting up. Alternatively, if your TPM problems began with a firmware update for your motherboard, flashing back to the previous version is also an option.
Either way, carefully consider the risks of a firmware update for the BIOS or UEFI, if anything happens to interrupt it, you could be stuck with a dead motherboard, so this should be a last resort.
Manually Clear the TPM
You can manually clear your TPM as another way of resetting it. Before you do this, you need to decrypt and back up any data that has been encrypted using the TPM. On Windows, this mainly includes anything encrypted by BitLocker. Be sure to turn off BitLocker before clearing your TPM or you may lose data! Even if you do this, back up your irreplaceable data to the cloud or to an external drive.
- Go to Start > Settings > Update > Windows Security > Device Security.
- Under Security processor, open Security processor details.
- Now choose Security processor troubleshooting.
- Select Clear TPM.
You can also search for Security processor troubleshooting directly from the Start Menu.
Replace the TPM Module
If your computer has a removable TPM module and nothing else you’ve tried works, you can replace it with a new module compatible with your motherboard. Just as with clearing your TPM, if you have the opportunity, you should decrypt and back up your data before doing this. Any data encrypted using the old TPM will be unreadable without it.
Contact Your OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer)
If you don’t have a removable TPM and nothing you try works, it’s worth getting in touch with your motherboard vendor or OEM system builder for help. Your system may still be under warranty, and you could be eligible for a repair or replacement.
