如果您的MacBook、i Mac或Mac mini 死机、崩溃或无法正常工作，那么您必须花时间诊断和解决问题。最好的方法是进入并使用安全模式(Mode)。
但是，如果您不知道如何在安全模式下启动(Safe Mode)Mac ，或者在完成此操作后您必须做什么来修复设备，您会在下面找到您需要知道的一切。
Mac 上的安全模式是什么？
安全模式是(Mode)Mac桌面的精简版，仅加载启动和运行设备所需的基本要素。它首先检查启动磁盘是否存在问题，然后启动没有第三方扩展、启动程序或用户安装字体的操作系统。它还清除系统缓存的特定区域（例如内核(kernel)缓存）。
这有助于您确定操作系统存在任何持续问题的原因。例如，如果一个未优化或损坏的启动项导致您的Mac变慢，那么启动到安全模式(Mode)应该会立即使这一点变得明显。然后，您可以查看与 macOS 一起启动的程序并采取必要的措施。
在线粗略检查Mac(Mac)可能遇到的任何特定问题总是一个好主意。然后，尝试应用任何快速修复来解决问题。例如，重新启动设备、安装应用程序更新或更新 macOS 本身可能会解决它。如果失败（或者如果操作系统非常不稳定），是时候进入安全模式(Safe Mode)了。
如何以安全模式启动 Mac
以安全模式启动(Safe Mode)Mac所需的过程会根据您的Mac 是否配备 Intel 或 Apple Silicon 芯片组而(Mac with an Intel or Apple Silicon chipset)有所不同。
基于 Intel 的 Mac(Intel-Based Macs)
1. 打开Apple菜单并选择关机(Shut Down)。如果您的Mac死机，请按住电源(Power )按钮直到屏幕变暗。
2.等待(Wait)10 秒，然后按下电源(Power )按钮。通过按住Shift键立即执行此操作。
3. 看到登录屏幕后松开Shift键（需要一段时间才会出现，所以请耐心等待）。您应该在屏幕右上角看到红色的安全启动。(Safe Boot)如果不这样做，请关闭Mac 并重(Mac)试。
Apple 基于硅的 Mac(Apple Silicon-Based Macs)
- 关闭Mac或按住电源(Power )按钮启动强制关机。
- 等待 10 秒。然后，按住电源(Power )按钮，直到出现启动(Startup) 选项(Options)屏幕。
- 选择要启动的磁盘（您很可能只会看到一个标有Macintosh HD的磁盘），然后按住Shift键。
- 选择在安全模式下继续(Continue in Safe Mode)选项。
- 看到登录屏幕后，释放Shift键。(Shift )如果您在屏幕左上角没有看到红色的安全启动(Safe Boot)，请关闭Mac 并重(Mac)试。
如何在安全模式下使用 Mac
大多数情况下，启动到安全模式(Safe Mode)足以解决由轻微磁盘错误、过时的系统缓存、损坏的字体等引起的问题。最好立即以常规模式重新启动设备来遵循它。如果这没有帮助，请重新进入安全模式(Safe Mode)并按照以下建议进行操作。
更新 macOS 和应用程序(Update macOS and Apps)
(Newer)适用于Mac的(Mac)较新系统软件更新包含错误修复和性能增强。如果您在正常更新 Mac 时遇到问题(issues updating your Mac)，请尝试在安全模式下(Safe Mode)进行。为此，请打开Apple菜单，转到System Preferences，选择Software Update选项，然后选择Update Now。
更新Mac(Mac)上的应用程序也是一个好主意。打开App Store，切换到更新(Updates )选项卡，然后选择全部更新(Update All)以应用所有应用更新。对于您在App Store之外安装的应用程序，您必须在应用程序本身内找到并使用任何更新选项。
清除缓存数据(Clear Cached Data)
安全模式(Mode)会自动清除各种形式的缓存数据，但删除完整的应用程序和系统缓存也是一个好主意。这有助于防止过时的文件引起问题。
例如，要删除Mac上的应用程序缓存，请打开Finder，按Command + Shift + G调用 Go to Folder框，键入~/Library/Caches/，然后选择Go。然后删除目录中的所有内容。
有关完整的分步说明，请查看我们关于在 Mac 上清除缓存(clearing the cache on a Mac)的指南。
禁用启动项(Disable Startup Items)
启动程序可能会导致速度变慢和无数其他问题，因此您应该尝试在安全模式下(Safe Mode)禁用它们。
- 首先打开Apple菜单。
- 然后，选择System Preferences > Users & Groups。
- 接下来，切换到Login Items选项卡，记下所有启动项，并将它们从列表中删除。
- 然后退出安全模式。
如果这有帮助，请尝试逐个添加每个启动程序，直到确定导致问题的项目。然后，您应该将其禁用并寻找可能有助于修复它的应用程序更新。或者，联系应用程序开发人员以获得支持。
删除粗略程序和扩展(Delete Sketchy Programs and Extensions)
如果您的Mac在安装程序后开始遇到问题，请尝试在安全模式下(Safe Mode)删除该程序。为此，打开Mac的Applications文件夹并将程序拖到Trash中。
此外，您必须禁用Mac(Mac)上的任何第三方应用程序扩展。在System Preferences窗格中选择Extensions并开始停用它们。
恢复字体(Restore Fonts)
安全模式(Mode)会删除字体缓存，这通常足以解决由用户安装的字体引起的任何问题。但如果您仍然遇到问题（例如文本损坏或混乱），则必须恢复标准系统字体配置。
为此，请在 Mac 上打开Font Book应用并选择File > Restore standard fonts。然后，选择继续(Proceed )进行确认。
断开外部附件(Disconnect External Accessories)
(External)连接到Mac的(Mac)外部硬件配件和外围设备也可能会导致问题。首先(First)，尝试断开它们与您的Mac的连接。然后，如果这有帮助，请通过单独连接它们并从制造商的网站安装任何相关的驱动程序更新或支持软件来识别导致问题的项目。
创建新用户帐户(Create a New User Account)
在Mac(Mac)上创建并登录新用户帐户可让您确定问题是否是由您的常用帐户的损坏设置或配置引起的。为此，请转到System Preferences > Users and Group并选择+形图标以添加新帐户。
如果您的Mac在登录新帐户后可以正常工作，请尝试修复 Mac 上的磁盘权限(repairing the disk permission on your Mac)。或者，考虑迁移到新帐户。
你还能做什么？
安全模式(Mode)并非Mac上所有问题的解决方案。如果您继续遇到问题，您可能需要考虑重置 NVRAM 和 SMC(resetting the NVRAM and SMC)。这两个动作都可以提高 macOS 的稳定性。
您还可以在启动时以单用户模式加载Mac （按(Mac)Command + S）并运行文件系统一致性检查（使用/sbin/fsck -fy命令）以修复启动磁盘的严重问题。当然，另一个可行的解决方案是从头开始重新安装 macOS(reinstall macOS from scratch)。
最后，如果这些都没有帮助，您必须将Mac带到最近的Genius Bar以寻求专业帮助。
How to Boot Up and Use a Mac in Safe Mode
If your MacBook, iMac, or Mаc mini freezes, crashes, or fails to work as it usuallу does, then you must take the time to diagnose and troubleshoot the issuе. The best way to do this is bу entеring and using Safe Mode.
But if you can’t figure out how to boot your Mac in Safe Mode or what you must do to fix the device after you’ve done that, you’ll find everything you need to know below.
What Is Safe Mode on Mac?
Safe Mode is a stripped-down version of the Mac desktop that only loads the bare essentials needed to get the device up and running. It starts by checking the startup disk for issues and follows by launching the operating system without third-party extensions, startup programs, or user-installed fonts. It also clears specific areas of the system cache (such as the kernel cache).
This helps you identify the reason behind any persistent issues with the operating system. For example, if an unoptimized or corrupt startup item is what causes your Mac to slow down, booting into Safe Mode should make that immediately obvious. You can then look into the programs that launch alongside macOS and take necessary action.
It’s always a good idea to run a cursory check online for any specific issues you might be having with your Mac. Then, try applying any quick fixes to resolve the issue. For example, restarting the device, installing app updates, or updating macOS itself might resolve it. If that fails (or if the operating system is extremely unstable), it’s time to enter Safe Mode.
How to Boot a Mac in Safe Mode
The process required to boot a Mac in Safe Mode changes depending on whether you have a Mac with an Intel or Apple Silicon chipset.
Intel-Based Macs
1. Open the Apple menu and select Shut Down. If your Mac is frozen, press and hold the Power button until the screen goes dark.
2. Wait for 10 seconds and press the Power button. Immediately follow that by holding down the Shift key.
3. Release the Shift key once you see the login screen (it should take a while to appear, so be patient). You should see Safe Boot in red at the top-right of the screen. If you don’t, turn off your Mac and try again.
Apple Silicon-Based Macs
- Turn off your Mac or press and hold the Power button to initiate a force shutdown.
- Wait 10 seconds. Then, press and hold down the Power button until the Startup Options screen appears.
- Select the disk you want to boot into (you’ll most likely see just one labeled Macintosh HD) and press and hold the Shift key.
- Select the Continue in Safe Mode option.
- Follow by releasing the Shift key once you see the login screen. If you don’t see Safe Boot in red to the top-left of the screen, turn off your Mac and try again.
How to Use a Mac in Safe Mode
Most of the time, booting into Safe Mode is enough to fix issues caused by minor disk errors, an obsolete system cache, corrupt fonts, etc. It’s best to follow it by immediately restarting the device in regular mode. If that doesn’t help, re-enter Safe Mode and work your way through the suggestions below.
Update macOS and Apps
Newer system software updates for the Mac contain bug fixes and performance enhancements. If you have issues updating your Mac normally, try doing that in Safe Mode. To do that, open the Apple menu, go to System Preferences, pick the Software Update option, and select Update Now.
It’s also a good idea to update the apps on your Mac. Open the App Store, switch to the Updates tab, and select Update All to apply all app updates. For apps that you’ve installed outside the App Store, you must locate and use any update options within the apps themselves.
Clear Cached Data
Safe Mode automatically clears various forms of cached data, but it’s also a good idea to delete the complete application and system caches. That helps prevent obsolete files from causing issues.
For example, to delete the application cache on your Mac, open Finder, press Command + Shift + G to invoke the Go to Folder box, type ~/Library/Caches/, and select Go. Follow that by deleting all of the contents within the directory.
For complete step-by-step instructions, check out our guide about clearing the cache on a Mac.
Disable Startup Items
Startup programs can cause slowdowns and myriad other issues, so you should try disabling them in Safe Mode.
- Start by opening the Apple menu.
- Then, select System Preferences > Users & Groups.
- Next, switch to the Login Items tab, take note of all startup items, and remove them from the list.
- Follow that by exiting Safe Mode.
If that helps, try adding each startup program one-by-one until you identify the item causing issues. You should then keep it disabled and look for app updates that might help fix it. Or, contact the app developer for support.
Delete Sketchy Programs and Extensions
If your Mac starts encountering issues after installing a program, try deleting the program in Safe Mode. To do that, open the Mac’s Applications folder and drag the program to the Trash.
Additionally, you must disable any third-party app extensions on your Mac. Select Extensions within the System Preferences pane and start deactivating them.
Restore Fonts
Safe Mode deletes the fonts cache, and that’s usually enough to fix any issues caused by user-installed fonts. But if you continue to have problems (such as with corrupt or jumbled text), you must restore the standard system font configuration.
To do that, open the Font Book app on your Mac and select File > Restore standard fonts. Then, select Proceed to confirm.
Disconnect External Accessories
External hardware accessories and peripherals that you’ve connected to your Mac can also cause issues. First, try disconnecting them from your Mac. Then, if that helps, identify the item causing the problems by connecting them individually and installing any relevant driver updates or support software from the manufacturer’s website.
Create a New User Account
Creating and signing into a new user account on your Mac allows you to identify if the issue is caused by corrupt settings or configurations with your usual account. To do that, go to System Preferences > Users and Groups and select the +-shaped icon to add a new account.
If your Mac works correctly after signing in to the new account, try repairing the disk permission on your Mac. Or, consider migrating to the new account.
What Else Can You Do?
Safe Mode is not the solution to all issues on your Mac. If you continue to experience problems, you might want to look into resetting the NVRAM and SMC. Both actions can improve the stability of macOS.
You can also load your Mac in single-user mode (press Command + S) at startup and run a file system consistency check (use the /sbin/fsck -fy command for that) to fix severe issues with the startup disk. Of course, another viable solution is to reinstall macOS from scratch.
Finally, if none of that helped, you must seek professional help by taking your Mac to the nearest Genius Bar.
