如果希望在深入了解暗网所提供(what the dark web has to offer)的内容时保持匿名，洋葱路由器 (Tor)(Onion Router (Tor))是您最安全的选择。Tor浏览器是一个强大的免费工具，用于匿名浏览Internet，您可以在其中发现使用洋葱(onion)域的各种网站。
(Anonymity)如今，随着ISP(ISPs)监视您的一举一动以及大型科技网站将您的信息数据出售给出价最高的人，匿名性似乎正在消失。如果您正在寻找创建一个新网站，或者即使您碰巧已经拥有一个网站，那么可能值得研究一下洋葱网站在为您自己和您的访问者提供网站保护方面可以为您提供什么。
什么是洋葱域？(What Is An Onion Domain?)
洋葱域是专门用于Tor匿名浏览器的 IP 后缀。这意味着Microsoft Edge、Google Chrome和Mozilla Firefox等标准浏览器将无法访问使用洋葱域的站点，因为它们无法导航从中创建 Tor的代理服务器的中继。(the relay of proxy servers)
您很可能熟悉的标准 Web 域，例如.com、.org、.biz等，由Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers ( ICANN ) 发布。用户必须向ICANN提交提案才能注册域或子域，然后才能将其用于新网站。
有数千个不同的域可用，但并非所有想要使用它们的人都可以访问它们。.apple域就是这样一个需要特殊请求才能获得的域。注册和维护您选择的域通常会产生成本。因此，任何想要获得特定域名的人都需要一些前期资金，以便在他们的提交获得批准后购买它。
使用洋葱站点域既有优点也有缺点。更好的功能之一是它只能通过Tor浏览器访问。这实际上可以看作是优点和(and )缺点。
看到Tor不被认为是非常流行的浏览器，使用洋葱域的网站很可能不会看到太多的自然流量。但是，精通安全和关心的人会欣赏Tor(Tor)提供的众多匿名层，而这些层在更流行的浏览器上不可用。
为什么要创建洋葱网站？(Why Create an Onion Site?)
当您选择创建洋葱网站时，您所做的更多是为了匿名。因此，当域名为您自动生成时，应该不会有太大的惊喜。您将收到一个由 16 个小写字母和数字组成的随机字符串，范围从 2 到 7。这个字符串将使Tor浏览器能够导航到您的服务器。
了解域名可以更改，但需要付费。您要创建的任何虚荣域（使用一两个更容易识别的词）在计算上都非常昂贵，并且需要大量资源。Facebook只需要 8 个字符来创建他们选择的洋葱域 - facebookcorewwwi.onion - 但会耗费大量计算机资源。实现您想要的确切所需的 16 个字符作为域名可能需要一台计算机，随机化数据，超过 10 亿年。
是的，这些随机字符串可以产生 16 个字符。不多也不少。这通常会导致难以记住字符串，从而使用户更难以记住您的网站。它还可以使恶意用户更容易创建相似但不同的域，从而给潜在访问者带来更多混乱。
但是，无需注册ICANN就可以创建自己的域，这可以被视为一种福利。无需在“whois”搜索(“whois” searches)中隐藏您的详细信息，而且您的ICANN帐户不会受到恶意收购的攻击。作为洋葱用户，您可以完全控制自己的隐私和域。
在继续创建自己的洋葱网站之前，请确保您知道如何安全地访问暗网。在创建自己的洋葱网站之前，运行隐私工具也是一项要求。了解先决条件后，您可以继续下一节。
使用 Tor 创建 Web 服务器(Creating A Web Server With Tor)
在允许Tor(Tor)的洋葱服务为您现有的网络服务器提供洋葱域之前，您需要配置现有的网络服务器。如果您的服务器正在泄露个人数据或信息 ，那么Tor提供的强大匿名功能就没有多大用处了。
Tor建议将您的服务器绑定到 localhost。这对于保护您的真实 IP 地址非常有用，因为当您稍后设置洋葱服务时，您将能够创建一个访问者可以连接的虚拟端口。
您还需要清除服务器上可能导致您返回的任何识别信息。这意味着从可能发送给访问者的任何错误消息中删除对您服务器信息的任何引用。
配置服务器的洋葱服务(Configuring Your Server’s Onion Services)
只要您按照Tor 项目网站上的说明进行操作，(instructions on the Tor project’s website)此过程相当简单。该站点将提供有关如何修改“torrc”文件以创建洋葱服务器的更多详细信息。确保(Make)Tor已在您的计算机上启动并运行，并且您在本地安装了 Web 服务器，如上一节中所述。
设置完成后，打开Tor浏览器为您的网站生成一个公钥或域。将此密钥分发给您想要访问您网站的任何人，以便开始开发流量。
确保您共享的密钥是公钥而不是私钥。(Make sure that the key you’re sharing is the public key and not the private key.)通过确保私钥仅供您查看，确保您的网站和访问者的安全。
How to Create Your Own Onion Site on Tor
When looking to remaіn anonymouѕ while deep-diving through what the dark web has to offer, The Onion Router (Tor), is your safest bet. The Tor browser is a powerful free tool used for browsing the Internet anonymously, where you can discover varying websites utilizing the onion domain.
Anonymity is seemingly fading nowadays with ISPs watching your every move and big tech websites selling off your information data to the highest bidder. If you are looking to create a new website, or even if you happen to already own one, it may be worth looking into what an onion site can offer you in terms of site protection for both yourself and your visitors.
What Is An Onion Domain?
An onion domain is an IP suffix that is exclusively for use through the Tor anonymity browser. This means that standard browsers like Microsoft Edge, Google Chrome, and Mozilla Firefox will not have access to sites using the onion domain as they are unable to navigate the relay of proxy servers from which Tor is created.
The standard web domains which you’re more than likely familiar with, such as .com, .org, .biz, among others, are issued by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). Users must submit proposals to ICANN in order to register a domain or subdomain before they’ll be able to use it for their new website.
There are thousands of different domains available, but not all of them can be accessed by everyone who wants to use them. The .apple domain is one such domain that requires a special request to obtain. There are usually costs associated with registering and maintaining the domain of your choice. So anyone wanting to get a specific domain will need a little upfront capital in order to procure it once their submission has been approved.
There are both advantages and disadvantages when it comes to the use of an onion site domain. One of the better features is the fact that it can only be accessed through the Tor browser. This can actually be seen as both an advantage and disadvantage.
Seeing that a Tor is not considered a very popular browser, it’s likely that a website using an onion domain will not see too much in the way of organic traffic. However, safety-savvy and concerned individuals will appreciate the numerous layers of anonymity that Tor provides which are not available on the more popular browsers.
Why Create an Onion Site?
When you choose to create an onion site, you’re doing so more for the anonymity than anything else. So it shouldn’t come as too much of a surprise when the domain name is automatically generated for you. You’ll receive a randomized string of 16 lowercase letters and numbers ranging from 2 to 7. This string is what will allow the Tor browser the ability to navigate to your server.
Understand that the domain name can be changed, but at a cost. Any vanity domains you’re looking to create, with a more recognizable word or two, will be computationally expensive and require a lot of resources. Facebook only required 8 characters to create their onion domain of choice – facebookcorewwwi.onion – but at significant cost to computer resources. Achieving the exact desired 16 characters you want as a domain name could take a single computer, randomizing data, upwards of a billion years.
Yes, 16 characters are all that these random strings can produce. No more, no less. This can often lead to difficulty remembering the string, making it even more difficult for users to memorize your website. It can also make it easier for malicious users to create a similar but different domain leading to even more confusion for your potential visitors.
However, not needing to register with ICANN just to create your own domain can be seen as a perk. There’s no need to hide your details from “whois” searches, and your ICANN account won’t be vulnerable to malicious takeovers. You are in complete control of your privacy and your domain as an onion user.
Prior to moving forward with creating your own onion website, make sure that you know how to access the dark web securely. Running the privacy tools is also a requirement before creating your own onion site. Once you understand the prerequisites, you can continue to the next section.
Creating A Web Server With Tor
You’ll need to configure your existing web server before allowing Tor’s onion service to provide your existing web server an onion domain. There’s not much use for the powerful anonymity provided by Tor if your server is leaking personal data or information.
Tor suggests binding your server to localhost. This is great for securing your real IP address, because when you set up your onion services later, you’ll be able to create a virtual port that visitors can connect through.
You’ll also want to scrub your server of any identifying information that could lead back to you. This means removing any reference to your server’s information from any error messages that might be sent to visitors.
Configuring Your Server’s Onion Services
This procedure is rather simple so long as you follow the instructions on the Tor project’s website. The site will provide more detailed information on how to modify your ‘torrc’ file to create an onion server. Make sure that Tor is up and running on your machine and that you install a web server locally like discussed in the previous section.
Once setup is complete, turn on your Tor browser to generate a public key – or domain – for your website. Distribute this key however you like to anyone you want to visit your website in order to begin developing traffic.
Make sure that the key you’re sharing is the public key and not the private key. Keep your site and visitors secure by ensuring that the private key is for your eyes only.
