在Windows 10中，您的用户配置文件存储在用户的配置文件文件夹中，其中包含各种设置，如声音、屏幕保护程序、桌面背景^{(desktop backgrounds)}、任务栏首选项和个人文件夹。所有这些设置可确保在您登录Windows时使用您的个人偏好，以便您的 PC 以您希望的方式显示和工作。 

如果配置文件损坏，您可能会丢失您的个人设置。另外，您会收到一条错误消息，阻止您登录您的用户帐户，这可能会非常令人沮丧。

我们将列出此问题的一些原因以及如何修复Windows 10中损坏 的用户配置文件。

Windows 10 中用户配置文件损坏的原因^{(Causes of a Corrupt User Profile in Windows 10)}

众所周知， Windows 10^{(Windows 10)}中的用户配置文件损坏是由于以下原因：

• 损坏的配置文件注册表项
• 失败的 Windows^{(Failed Windows Updates)}更新 
• 受损的系统或用户文件
• 损坏的用户帐户活动目录
• ^{(Damaged hard drive)}因断电、磁盘写入错误或病毒攻击而导致的硬盘文件系统损坏
• 涉及升级服务包安装或更新用户配置文件的其他关键系统文件的 Windows 自动更新失败

如何在 Windows 10 中修复损坏的用户配置文件^{(How to Fix a Corrupt User Profile in Windows 10)}

如果您尝试在 PC 上登录您的用户帐户并收到一条错误消息，提示“用户配置文件服务服务登录失败。无法加载^{(The User Profile Service service failed the sign-in. User Profile cannot be loaded”)}用户配置文件，您的用户配置文件可能已损坏。这也可能意味着该用户帐户的注册表中存在不正确的配置文件路径。 

以下是几种故障排除方法，您可以尝试修复损坏的用户配置文件或完全替换它。

快速修复^{(Quick Fixes)}

• 运行病毒或恶意软件扫描。病毒或恶意软件攻击^{(Virus or malware attacks)}可能会损坏硬盘驱动器的文件系统。在这种情况下，Windows 10 无法加载您的用户配置文件以正确启动，并且加载过程会停止。运行病毒或恶意软件扫描^{(virus or malware scan)}可能有助于检测和删除可能损坏您的用户配置文件的恶意软件。 
  
• 尝试重新启动您的Windows PC 大约四次，每次都让您的计算机在重新启动之前到达桌面^(Desktop)。虽然这看起来很愚蠢，但事实并非如此。Windows有一个很好的自我恢复过程，它可以修复损坏的用户配置文件，但它需要重新启动几次。

从临时帐户修复旧用户配置文件^{(Repair the Old User Profile from the Temporary Account)}

有时，如果您的用户帐户已损坏且无法启动， Windows可能会将您登录到一个临时帐户 (C:\Users\TEMP)。在这种情况下，您会收到一条消息，上面写着“我们无法登录您的帐户^{(“We can’t sign into your account”)}”和“您已使用临时个人资料登录”^{(“You’ve been signed in with a temporary profile”)}通知 。

但是，您可能不想使用临时帐户，因为您将丢失您在注销后对临时配置文件所做的任何更改。

1. 在修复旧用户配置文件帐户之前，请转到本地驱动器C:\UsersUsers文件夹，并检查您是否可以看到旧帐户及其所有文件。如果没有，请转到C:\Windows.old并检查文件是否在那里存档。 

1. 如果您找到包含文件的旧帐户，请将它们备份到外部驱动器或您首选的云存储中，以免丢失它们。 

1. 通过在搜索框中键入CMD打开命令提示符，然后选择命令提示符^{(Command Prompt)}。 

1. 在命令提示符下输入whoami /user并按 Enter 。^(Enter)

1. 记下当前帐户的安全标识符^{(Security Identifier)}( SID )。如果它是标准用户帐户，请退出，然后重新登录到管理员帐户。 

注意^(Note)：如果您没有管理员帐户，请以安全模式启动^{(Safe Mode)}Windows并启用内置管理员帐户^{(enable the built-in administrator account)}。退出当前用户帐户，然后重新登录管理员^(Sign)帐户^{(Administrator)}。

1. 右键单击开始^(Start)>运行^(Run)。键入regedit并按Enter打开Windows 注册表编辑器^{(Windows Registry Editor)}。

1. 转到以下路径：HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ProfileList。

1. 在展开的ProfileList键下，检查您在上一步中记下的SID键是否在最后列出了 .bak 或没有 .bak。
2. 如果列出的 SID 键没有 .bak^{(listed without .bak)}，请双击ProfileImagePath值名称。输入^(Enter)用户配置文件文件夹的正确路径 (C:\Users\ username  )，然后选择OK 。

注意^(Note)：如果用户配置文件文件夹不存在，请删除SID键以创建新的配置文件文件夹，然后关闭注册表编辑器^{(Registry Editor)}。 

1. 接下来，验证State DWORD 是否设置为0值，然后退出注册表编辑器^{(Registry Editor)}。如果该值未设置为 0，请双击State DWORD，将值数据更改为 0 并选择OK。 

1. 如果 SID 密钥以 .bak 结尾列出^{(listed with .bak at the end)}，请右键单击 SID 密钥，选择重命名^(Rename)，然后重命名密钥以删除密钥名称末尾的 .bak。 

1. 接下来，双击ProfileImagePath值名称，输入用户配置文件文件夹的正确路径并选择OK。

1. 验证State DWORD 值数据是否设置为0，然后退出注册表编辑器^{(Registry Editor)}。 

1. 如果列出的 SID 密钥带有和不带 .bak^{(listed with and without .bak)}，请右键单击并删除^(Delete)不带 .bak 的 SID 密钥。

1.  右键单击^{(Right-click)}末尾带有 .bak的SID键，选择^(SID)重命名^(Rename)并重命名SID键以删除末尾的 .bak。 

1. 双击ProfileImagePath修改其值名称，输入用户配置文件文件夹的正确路径并选择OK。 

1. 验证 SID 项的State DWORD 值是否为0，然后关闭注册表编辑器^{(Registry Editor)}。 

1. 重新启动您的 PC 并登录出现临时配置文件错误的帐户，以检查它现在是否已修复。

创建新用户帐户^{(Create a New User Account)}

如果您无法使用以前的方法恢复您的用户配置文件帐户，请尝试创建一个新的配置文件帐户来替换它。创建新的用户配置文件不会删除旧的、损坏的用户配置文件。 

为此并保持相同的用户帐户名称，我们将进入注册表并删除损坏的用户帐户的配置文件。这样，当我们重新启动Windows时，您将能够登录损坏的用户帐户并创建新的配置文件。然后，您就可以将文件从旧的配置文件文件夹复制到新的文件夹中。

注意^(Note)：在使用以下步骤之前，请创建一个系统还原点，您可以使用它来撤消您在此过程中可能犯的任何错误。

1. 登录^(Sign)不受损坏配置文件影响的管理员帐户，然后打开命令提示符。 

1. 输入此命令：wmic useraccount get domain,name,sid并按Enter。

1. ^(Make)记下配置文件损坏的帐户名称 的SID 。

1. 右键单击Start > Run，键入regedit并按Enter。 
2. 转到HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ProfileList\<SID>键并找到您在上一步中记下的SID键。 

1. 右键单击并删除您记下的任何^{(delete )}SID密钥实例，无论是否带有 .bak，一次一个。 

注意^(Note)：不要删除您在ProfileList上找到的任何其他^{(ProfileList)}SID键。 

1. 选择是^(Yes)，然后关闭命令提示符^{(Command Prompt)}和注册表编辑器^{(Registry Editor)}。

1. 接下来，使用损坏的配置文件登录帐户，然后为其创建一个新的默认配置文件。打开或关闭隐私设置，然后选择接受 。^(Accept)

您现在可以将您想要的任何文件从旧的配置文件文件夹复制并粘贴到新的当前配置文件文件夹中。确保单独复制每个文件夹，以避免将一些隐藏或有问题的系统文件带到新的用户配置文件中。 

将文件粘贴到新帐户中，退出旧帐户并登录新帐户。您传输的所有文件都将在新帐户中。 

恢复您的常用用户配置文件^{(Recover Your Usual User Profile)}

现在您已经恢复了您的帐户或完全创建了一个新帐户，您可以根据个人资料损坏之前的所有偏好对其进行自定义。 

查看我们的完整指南以自定义 Windows 10^{(complete guide to customize Windows 10)}以及如何自定义您的 Windows 10 开始菜单^{(customize your Windows 10 Start Menu)}。

值得庆幸的是，配置文件损坏不会导致大量数据丢失，但您应该定期备份文件以确保安全。 

How to Fix a Corrupt User Profile in Windows 10

Іn Windows 10, your user profile is stored in the user’s profile folder, which contaіns various settings like sound, sсreensavers, desktop backgrounds, taskbar preferences and personal folders. All these settings ensure your personal preferences are used when you sign into Windows so that your PC looks and works the way you want it to. 

If the profile gets corrupted, you can lose your personal settings. Plus, you’ll get an error message that prevents you from signing into your user account, which can be very frustrating.

We’ll list some of the causes of this problem and how you can fix a corrupt user profile in Windows 10. 

Causes of a Corrupt User Profile in Windows 10

The corrupt user profile in Windows 10 has been known to occur as a result of the following:

• Corrupted profile registry key
• Failed Windows Updates 
• Compromised system or user files
• Corrupted user account active directory
• Damaged hard drive file system caused by power outages, disk write errors or virus attacks
• Failed Automatic Updates to Windows that involve upgrading service pack installations or other critical system files that update your user profile

How to Fix a Corrupt User Profile in Windows 10

If you’re trying to sign into your user account on your PC and get an error message that says, “The User Profile Service service failed the sign-in. User Profile cannot be loaded”, your user profile may be corrupted. It could also mean that there’s an incorrect profile path in the registry for that user account. 

Below are several troubleshooting methods you can try to fix a corrupt user profile or replace it altogether.

Quick Fixes

• Run a virus or malware scan. Virus or malware attacks may damage the file system of the hard drive. In such cases, Windows 10 cannot load your user profile to boot properly, and the loading process is halted. Running a virus or malware scan may help detect and remove the malicious software that could corrupt your user profile. 
  
• Try restarting your Windows PC about four times, each time letting your computer get to the Desktop before restarting it again. While this may seem silly, it’s not. Windows has a good self-recovery process whereby it can repair the corrupt user profile, but it requires a few restarts.

Repair the Old User Profile from the Temporary Account

Sometimes, Windows may sign you into a temporary account (C:\Users\TEMP) if your user account is corrupted and can’t start. In such cases, you’ll get a message that says, “We can’t sign into your account” and “You’ve been signed in with a temporary profile” notification. 

However, you may not want to use a temporary account because you’ll lose any changes you make to the temporary profile after signing off.

1. Before repairing your old user profile account, go to the Users folder in the local drive C:\Users, and check if you can see your old account with all its files. If not, go to C:\Windows.old and check if the files were archived there. 

1. If you find your old account with its files, back them up to an external drive or your preferred cloud storage so that you don’t lose them. 

1. Open a command prompt by typing CMD in the search box and then select Command Prompt. 

1. Enter whoami /user in the command prompt and press Enter. 

1. Make note of the Security Identifier (SID) for the current account. If it’s a standard user account, sign out and then sign back into an administrator account. 

Note: If you don’t have an administrator account, boot Windows in Safe Mode and enable the built-in administrator account. Sign out of the current user account and then sign back into the Administrator account.

1. Right-click Start > Run. Type regedit and press Enter to open the Windows Registry Editor.

1. Go to the following path: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ProfileList.

1. Under the expanded ProfileList key, check if the SID key you wrote down from the previous step is listed with .bak or without .bak at the end.
2. If the SID key is listed without .bak, double-click the ProfileImagePath value name. Enter the correct path (C:\Users\username) of your user profile folder and then select OK. 

Note: If the user profile folder doesn’t exist, delete the SID key to create a new profile folder and then close the Registry Editor. 

1. Next, verify that the State DWORD is set to 0 value and then exit the Registry Editor. If the value isn’t set to 0, double-click on State DWORD, change the value data to 0 and select OK. 

1. If the SID key is listed with .bak at the end, right-click the SID key, select Rename, and rename the key to remove the .bak at the end of the key’s name. 

1. Next, double-click the ProfileImagePath value name, enter the correct path of your user profile folder and select OK.

1. Verify that the State DWORD value data is set to 0 and then exit the Registry Editor. 

1. If the SID key is listed with and without .bak, right-click and Delete the SID key without .bak.

1.  Right-click the SID key with .bak at the end, select Rename and rename the SID key to remove .bak at the end. 

1. Double-click ProfileImagePath to modify its value name, enter the correct path of the user profile folder and select OK. 

1. Verify that the State DWORD value of the SID key is 0 and then close the Registry Editor. 

1. Restart your PC and sign into the account that had the temporary profile error to check whether it’s now fixed.

Create a New User Account

If you weren’t able to restore your user profile account using the previous method, try creating a new profile account to replace it. Creating a new user profile doesn’t delete the old, corrupted user profile. 

To do this and keep the same user account name, we’re going to go into the registry and delete the profile for the corrupted user account. That way, when we reboot Windows, you’ll be able to log into the corrupted user account and create a new profile. You’ll then be able to copy files from the older profile folder to the new one.

Note: Before using the steps below, create a system restore point, which you can use to undo any mistakes you may make in the process.

1. Sign into an administrator account that’s not affected by the corrupted profile and then open a command prompt. 

1. Enter this command: wmic useraccount get domain,name,sid and press Enter.

1. Make note of the SID for the account name with the corrupted profile. 

1. Right-click Start > Run, type regedit and press Enter. 
2. Go to the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ProfileList\<SID> key and find the SID key you wrote down from the previous step. 

1. Right-click and delete any instance of the SID key you wrote down, with or without .bak, one at a time. 

Note: Do not delete any other SID keys you find on the ProfileList. 

1. Select Yes and then close the Command Prompt and Registry Editor.

1. Next, sign into the account with the corrupted profile and then create a new default profile for it. Turn the privacy settings on or off and then select Accept.  

You can now copy and paste any files you want from your old profile folder into your new current profile folder. Make sure you copy each folder individually to avoid bringing some hidden or problematic system files to the new user profile. 

Paste the files into the new account, sign out of the old account and sign into your new account. All the files you transferred will be in the new account. 

Recover Your Usual User Profile

Now that you’ve recovered your account or created a new one altogether, you can customize it to your liking with all the preferences you had before the profile got corrupted. 

Check out our complete guide to customize Windows 10 and how to customize your Windows 10 Start Menu.

Thankfully, profile corruption doesn’t result in much data loss, but you should regularly back up your files just to be safe. 

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