在您的 Windows PC 上启动任务管理器(Task Manager)，您会发现一堆系统进程在后台运行。通常，没有理由关心这些文件和进程、它们的作用或质疑它们的安全性，除非它们会影响您的 PC 性能。
即使一个奇怪的后台进程异常地激起了你的兴趣，确定它的安全性也很困难。像smss.exe这样的系统进程通常与CPU和GPU使用率过高有关。在本指南中，我们将解释 smss.exe 的作用以及如何检查您的计算机上是否有该文件的安全版本。
什么是 smss.exe，它有什么作用？
smss.exe 是负责运行会话管理器子系统(Session Manager Subsystem)（或Windows 会话管理器(Session Manager)）的可执行文件。它是Windows(Windows)操作系统的一个重要组件，当您单击电源按钮时会立即开始运行。它负责创建用户会话并监控其他关键系统进程，以确保它们正常工作。
例如，如果csrss.exe或winlogon.exe发生故障或意外停止工作，smss.exe 将使您的计算机崩溃，从而导致蓝屏死机 (BSOD)(Blue Screen of Death (BSOD))错误。同样，如果 smss.exe 文件损坏、损坏或丢失，您的计算机可能会死机。这证明了Session Manager Subsystem进程的重要性。
尽管它是您的计算机在启动后正常运行所需的重要系统文件，但有时 smss.exe 文件会损害您 PC 的健康和性能。在下一节中，您将了解如何确定您计算机上的Session Manager Subsystem可执行文件是否安全。
smss.exe 安全吗？
会话管理器子系统(Session Manager Subsystem)是在您单击 PC 的电源按钮时启动的众多系统进程之一。它可以帮助您的计算机正确启动并为其他程序设置内容。之后(Afterward)，它停留在后台并监视重要系统进程的状态。
smss.exe 占用您 PC 资源的一小部分且可忽略不计。这是一个合法文件，不会造成任何麻烦或性能问题。如果您发现该进程占用了大量的CPU资源或降低计算机速度，则可能是恶意程序伪装成 smss.exe。
网络犯罪分子有时会在合法系统文件之后命名恶意软件，以避免被您的 PC 安全系统和防病毒软件检测到。您可以通过检查其在本地磁盘上的位置并验证其数字签名来确定 smss.exe 文件的合法性。
如何检查 smss.exe 位置和数字签名(How to Check smss.exe Location and Digital Signature)
1. 启动文件管理器 ( Ctrl + Shift + Esc ) 并转到详细信息(Details)选项卡。右键单击 smss.exe 并选择Properties。
或者，转到Processes选项卡，右键单击Windows Session Manager，然后选择Properties。
2. 在常规(General)选项卡中，检查文件的位置并确保它显示为C:\Windows\System32或C:\Windows或C:\Windows\System32\Event Agent\Bin。
3. 转到数字签名(Digital Signature)选项卡，检查签名(Signature)列表并确保其为Microsoft Windows Publisher。
与Windows 10(Windows 10)内置的许多其他系统进程一样，smss.exe 可执行文件位于C:\Windows\System32目录中。对于运行较旧或过时操作系统（Win 7 / Win 8 / Win 8.1C:\Windows或C:\Windows\System32\Event Agent\Bin中找到 smss.exe 。
如果Session Manager Subsystem可执行文件位于上述文件夹以外的其他文件夹中，则肯定是病毒。通过安全工具运行它或立即将其从您的计算机中删除。如果文件没有由Microsoft Windows Publisher进行数字签名，您也应该这样做。
如何修复和替换 smss.exe
如前所述，如果会话管理器子系统(Session Manager Subsystem)文件丢失或损坏，您的计算机可能会出现故障、抛出一些随机错误并在使用过程中崩溃。如果 smss.exe 文件被恶意软件感染、被意外删除或被您的防病毒软件从您的计算机中删除，您可以使用以下工具和技术修复（或替换）它。
1. 使用系统文件检查器 (SFC) 修复 smss.exe(1. Fix smss.exe with the System File Checker (SFC))
Windows 系统文件检查器 (SFC)(Windows System File Checker (SFC))是一个用于修复损坏文件的好工具。它会扫描您的计算机并替换损坏的系统文件。为获得有效结果，Microsoft 建议在运行(Microsoft recommends)系统文件检查器之前运行部署映像服务和管理 (DISM) 工具，尤其是(System File Checker—particularly)在您(Deployment Image Servicing)的PC(Management)运行Windows(DISM) 10 、Windows(Windows 10) 8 或 Windows 8.1 时。
对于较旧的操作系统，您可以直接运行SFC（请参阅下面的步骤 3(Step 3)）。
1. 右键单击开始(Start)按钮并在快速访问菜单上选择命令提示符（管理员） 。(Command Prompt (Admin))
2. 将以下命令粘贴到控制台中，然后按Enter。
DISM.exe /Online /Cleanup-image /Restorehealth
此命令将提示DISM工具提供修复和替换损坏文件所需的必要文件。此过程可能需要几分钟，因此请等到您收到成功消息后再运行下一个命令。
3. 将以下命令粘贴到控制台中，然后按Enter。
sfc /scannow
Windows 将扫描您的系统文件并替换它找到的任何损坏的文件。这个过程同样需要几分钟；在扫描 100% 完成之前不要关闭命令提示符窗口。(Command Prompt)
2.运行检查磁盘实用程序(2. Run the Check Disk Utility)
如果硬盘上有坏扇区，系统文件可能会损坏。检查磁盘工具(Check Disk tool)将扫描您的硬盘驱动器以查找这些故障扇区并自动修复它们。如果SFC没有发现任何系统文件损坏并且 smss.exe 继续消耗过多的CPU资源，则应运行此工具。
以管理员身份启动命令提示符，将以下命令粘贴到控制台中，然后按(Command Prompt)Enter。
chkdsk C: /f /r
3.重新安装Windows(3. Reinstall Windows)
如果上述方法都不能解决问题，您可能不得不在最后的手段上执行 Windows 的全新安装。(perform a clean reinstallation of Windows)
了解Windows 会话管理器(Windows Session Manager)
至此，我们希望您现在了解会话管理器子系统(Session Manager Subsystem)（或 Windows会话管理器(Session Manager)）在您的 Windows PC 上的重要性。如果您的设备上有合法版本的 smss.exe 文件，则无需担心。
不要试图从您的设备中强制停止、禁用或删除文件——即使它占用了CPU资源并导致其他问题。有时，简单的设备重启可能会解决问题。如果您的 PC 重新启动后问题仍然存在，请检查文件的位置、数字签名，并在采取任何措施之前使用防病毒软件对其进行扫描。(scan it with an antivirus)
What Is SMSS.exe and Is It Safe?
Laυnch the Task Manager on your Windows PC and you’ll find a bunch of system processes running in the background. Usually, there’s no reason to care about these files and processes, what they do, or question their safety unless they affect your PC’s performance.
Even when a strange background process that’s acting oddly piques your interest, determining its safety can be difficult. A system process like smss.exe is commonly associated with unreasonably high CPU and GPU usage. In this guide, we’ll explain what smss.exe does and how to check if you have a safe version of the file on your computer.
What Is smss.exe and What Does It Do?
smss.exe is the executable file that’s responsible for running the Session Manager Subsystem (or Windows Session Manager). It’s an important component of the Windows operating system that starts running immediately when you click the power button. It’s responsible for creating user sessions and monitoring other crucial system processes to make sure they’re working correctly.
For example, smss.exe will crash your computer if csrss.exe or winlogon.exe malfunction or unexpectedly stop working, thereby causing a Blue Screen of Death (BSOD) error. Similarly, your computer may freeze if the smss.exe file gets damaged, corrupted, or missing. This goes to demonstrate the importance of the Session Manager Subsystem process.
Despite being a vital system file required by your computer to run properly after startup, there are times when the smss.exe file becomes detrimental to your PC’s health and performance. In the next section, you’ll learn how to find out if the Session Manager Subsystem executable file on your computer is safe—or not.
Is smss.exe Safe?
The Session Manager Subsystem is one of the many system processes that start up when you click your PC’s power button. It helps your computer boot correctly and sets things in order for other programs. Afterward, it stays in the background and monitors the status of important system processes.
smss.exe consumes a tiny and negligible portion of your PC’s resources. It’s a legitimate file that doesn’t cause any trouble or performance issues. Should you find that the process is hogging an insane amount of CPU resources or slows down your computer, a malicious program is probably camouflaging as smss.exe.
Cybercriminals sometimes name malware after legitimate system files to avoid detection by your PC’s security system and antivirus software. You can determine the legitimacy of the smss.exe file by checking its location on your local disk and verifying its digital signature.
How to Check smss.exe Location and Digital Signature
1. Launch the File Manager (Ctrl + Shift + Esc) and go to the Details tab. Right-click on smss.exe and select Properties.
Alternatively, go to the Processes tab, right-click on Windows Session Manager, and select Properties.
2. In the General tab, check the file’s location and make sure it says C:\Windows\System32 or C:\Windows or C:\Windows\System32\Event Agent\Bin.
3. Go to the Digital Signature tab, check the Signature list and make sure it reads Microsoft Windows Publisher.
Like many other system processes built-in the Windows 10, the smss.exe executable file is located in the C:\Windows\System32 directory. For PC running older or outdated operating systems (Win 7 / Win 8 / Win 8.1), you may find smss.exe located in C:\Windows or C:\Windows\System32\Event Agent\Bin.
If the Session Manager Subsystem executable file is located in some folder other than the ones mentioned above, it’s definitely a virus. Run it through a security tool or remove it from your computer immediately. You should do the same if the file isn’t digitally signed by Microsoft Windows Publisher.
How to Fix and Replace smss.exe
As mentioned earlier, your computer may malfunction, throw some random errors, and crash during usage if the Session Manager Subsystem file is missing or gets damaged. If the smss.exe file gets infected by malware, deleted by accident, or removed from your computer by your antivirus, you can fix (or replace) it using the tools and techniques below.
1. Fix smss.exe with the System File Checker (SFC)
The Windows System File Checker (SFC) is a nifty tool for repairing corrupted files. It scans your computer and replaces corrupted system files. For effective results, Microsoft recommends running the Deployment Image Servicing and Management (DISM) tool before running the System File Checker—particularly if your PC runs Windows 10, Windows 8, or Windows 8.1.
For older OS, you can run the SFC directly (see Step 3 below).
1. Right-click the Start button and select Command Prompt (Admin) on the Quick Access Menu.
2. Paste the command below in the console and press Enter.
DISM.exe /Online /Cleanup-image /Restorehealth
This command will prompt the DISM tool to provide the necessary files needed to fix and replace corrupt files. This process could take several minutes, so wait till you get a success message before you run the next command.
3. Paste the command below in the console and press Enter.
sfc /scannow
Windows will scan your system files and replace any corrupt file it finds. This process equally takes several minutes; do not close the Command Prompt window until the scan is 100% complete.
2. Run the Check Disk Utility
System files can get corrupted if there’s a bad sector on your hard drive. The Check Disk tool will scan your hard drive for these faulty sectors and automatically fix them. You should run this tool if SFC doesn’t find any system file corruption and smss.exe continues to consume excessive CPU resources.
Launch Command Prompt as an administrator, paste the command below in the console, and press Enter.
chkdsk C: /f /r
3. Reinstall Windows
If none of the methods above resolves the problem, you may have to perform a clean reinstallation of Windows as a last resort.
Understanding the Windows Session Manager
At this point, we hope you now understand the importance of the Session Manager Subsystem (or Windows Session Manager) on your Windows PC. If you have the legitimate version of the smss.exe file on your device, there’s nothing to worry about.
Don’t try to force-stop, disable, or remove the file from your device—even when it’s hogging CPU resources and causing other problems. Sometimes, a simple device restart may fix the issue. If the problem continues when your PC comes back on, check the file’s location, digital signature, and scan it with an antivirus before taking any action.
