当Windows启动时，会发生很多事情，包括加载大量进程和应用程序。如果这些进程中的任何一个被卡住，Windows将无法加载或加载非常缓慢。这就是Windows 内置^{(Windows inbuilt)}工具MSConfig或系统配置实用程序^{(System Configuration Utility)}发挥作用的地方。在这篇文章中，我们将了解如何在Windows 10/8/7MSConfig ，以及如何管理启动项、启动选项、服务^(Services)和在安全模式下^{(Safe Mode)}启动等。

什么是 Windows 10 中的 MSConfig

MSCONFIG 或系统配置实用程序^{(MSCONFIG or System Configuration utility)}可帮助用户解决Windows 启动^{(Windows Startup)}问题。它允许您管理启动选择、安全启动^{(Safe Boot)}、启用或禁用Windows 服务^(Services)、查找和启动系统工具，如性能监视器^{(Performance Monitor)}、资源监视器^{(Resource Monitor)}等。系统配置实用程序^{(System Configuration utility)}更像是一种诊断工具，并为配置系统启动提供了一些很好的控制。

如何打开 MSConfig 实用程序

打开运行提示 (Win+R)，然后键入msconfig。并按Enter 键^{(Enter key)}。它将启动系统配置实用程序^{(System Configuration utility)}。它将显示五个选项卡：

• 常规^(General)：允许您在必要时以诊断或选择性模式启动Windows
• 启动^(Boot)：  管理与^{(Manage everything)}Windows 启动^{(Windows boot)}相关的所有内容，包括安全模式。
• 服务^(Services)：启用或禁用 Windows 和其他服务
• 启动^(Startup)：启动部分^{(startup section)}现在通过任务管理器进行管理^{(Task Manager)}。
• 工具^(Tools)：从这里启动流行的系统^(System)服务。

让我们详细了解一下这些功能。

1] 一般/启动选择

共有三种启动选择^{(Startup selection)}。第一个是正常启动，对^(Normal)启动过程中^{(boot process)}的广告几乎没有限制。第二个是诊断^(Diagnostic)，它有助于以最少的服务进行故障排除，而选择性^(Selective)是您决定从Windows 10开始的地方。

• 正常^(Normal)— 在没有任何诊断服务的情况下引导系统。如果您尝试诊断问题，则应选择其他两个选项之一。确定问题已解决后，单击此设置以再次正常启动系统。
• 诊断 —^{(Diagnostic —)}这将确保Windows 启动^{(Windows boots)}时使用了足以启动计算机的基本服务和驱动程序。它可以帮助您确保找出导致问题的臭名昭著的第三方服务和软件。
• 选择性 —^{(Selective —)}使用此部分可加快计算机启动^{(computer startup)}速度。您可以选择禁用不需要从Windows启动的服务和程序。

选择性启动模式^{(Selective Startup mode)}不仅允许您使用基本服务和驱动程序启动系统（就像诊断一样），而且还允许您正确配置附加服务和启动应用程序的使用，以便您可以慢慢确定导致问题的原因你的启动过程^{(boot process)}。您可以通过“服务”或“启动”选项卡^{(Service or Startup tabs)}一次打开一个项目，并查看系统在重新启动时的反应。

阅读^(Read)：如何从MSConfig 启动^{(MSConfig startup)}列表中删除禁用的项目。

2]引导选项

安全启动的选项包括：

1. 安全启动：最小：启动^{(Safe Boot: Minimal:)} 到Windows GUI，但只运行关键服务。网络功能也被禁用。如果您发现您的系统在此级别上运行，那么您可能需要尝试打开服务以查看它们是否会导致任何进一步的问题。
2. 安全启动：备用外壳：^{(Safe Boot: Alternate Shell:)}使用此选项启动到命令提示符^{(command prompt)}。它将保持关键服务运行，但网络和GUI被禁用。
3. 安全启动：Active Directory 修复：启动^{(Safe Boot: Active Directory Repair:)} 到运行关键服务和Active Directory的^{(Active Directory)}Windows GUI。
   
4. 安全启动网络：^{(Safe Boot Network:)}使用此选项启动到Windows GUI，运行关键服务和网络。如果您不认为您的问题出在网络服务上，那么为您的系统打开网络会有所帮助。它将允许您访问您可能需要在网络或Internet 上^(Internet)进行诊断的资源。

其他选项是：

1. 无 GUI 引导：引导^{(No GUI Boot:)}时 不显示Windows Vista 启动^{(Windows Vista splash)}屏幕。相反，如前所述，会出现Aurora 屏幕^{(Aurora screen)}。
2. Boot Log .：将来自引导过程的信息^{(boot process)}存储^(Stores)在位于 %systemroot% 的名为 ntbtlog.txt 的日志中。其他技术人员可以阅读这些日志以找出可能导致系统崩溃的原因。
3. 基本视频：^{(Base Video:)} 就像过去的VGA 模式一样，此模式使用标准^{(VGA mode)}VGA驱动程序加载系统，而不是那些专门与您的硬件相关的驱动程序。此选项适用于消除视频驱动程序的问题。在此模式下，Windows以 640 X 480 分辨率运行，在此模式下消耗的内存更少。
4. 操作系统引导信息：^{(OS Boot Information:)}在加载时显示引导过程^{(boot process)} 中的所有驱动程序。
5. 使所有引导设置永久化： ^{(Make All Boot Settings Permanent: )}完成更改并希望使其永久化后，请选择此选项。但是，请记住发布此消息，没有简单的方法可以恢复到以前的设置。您必须手动更改所有内容，因此我们谨慎使用此选项。
6. 超时设置：^{(Timeout Settings:)}您可以为多引导系统配置不同的倒计时。您可以尝试输入您喜欢的内容，但它会要求输入 3 秒到 999 秒之间的数字。
7. 高级设置：^{(Advanced Settings:)}这些高级选项使您能够配置处理器数量、内存量和全局调试^{(Global Debug)}设置等内容。请记住，这些选项是诊断系统的最后选择。在Microsoft 支持^{(Microsoft support)}服务的指导下使用它。

阅读^(Read)：MSCONFIG中的^(MSCONFIG)引导高级^{(Boot Advanced)} 选项^(Options)是什么？

3] 服务

如果您认为任何Windows 服务^(Services)导致问题，那么本部分可让您取消选择并帮助您确定。它列出了所有从引导开始的服务。您还可以取消选中该复选框以防止该服务在您下次引导系统时启动。

当您选择取消选择服务时，启动模式^{(startup mode)}将更改为Selective Startup。为确保不禁用任何Windows 系统^{(Windows system)}服务，请选中复选框以选择在Windows中隐藏服务。

决定禁用服务时要小心，因为在尝试搜索导致原始问题的服务时可能会导致其他问题。某些服务是您的系统正常运行所必需的。其他服务，如果被禁用，可能会放弃您的诊断方法，因为您可能会影响操作系统的其他方面。

换句话说，在您执行某项服务之前，请了解您为什么要禁用该服务，并了解该服务可能如何影响您系统的其他服务或功能。

提示^(TIP)：自动启动资源管理器^(Explorer)可让您探索最隐蔽的启动位置。

4]启动

在Windows 10中，^{(Windows 10)}任务管理器^{(Task Manager)}现在可以使用管理启动^(Startup)项的部分。您可以选择启用或禁用从Windows启动的应用程序。我使用它来删除某些注册自己以从Windows启动的应用程序。它改善了我的整体启动时间^{(boot timing)}。

5]工具

“工具”选项卡^{(Tools tab)}提供诊断和信息工具列表，并显示这些工具的位置。在此选项卡中，您可以从字面上“启动”任何系统工具^{(system tool)}，或者您可以记下工具本身的位置或名称^{(location or name)}。这样做的好处是它是各种工具甚至一些预配置命令行选项的中心位置。例如：

C:\WINDOWS\System32\cmd.exe /k %windir%\system32\ipconfig.exe

也就是说，如果您想禁用启动菜单^{(Startup menu)}中的特定应用程序，例如您发现的某些间谍软件和恶意软件应用程序^{(spyware and malware applications)}，那么您应该尝试MSCONFIG 清理工具^{(MSCONFIG Cleanup tool)}。它还可以帮助您从注册表^(Registry)中删除其条目并删除这些项目。

阅读下一篇^{(Read next)}：使用MSConfig启动Windows工具，如System Restore、Regedit等。

What is MSConfig or System Configuration Utility in Windows 11/10

When Windows boots up, a lot of things happen, іncluding the loading of a lоt of processеs and applications. If any of these prоcesѕes get stuck, Windows will either fail to load or load very slowly. Thаt’s is where the Windows inbuilt tool MSConfig or System Configuration Utility comes into action. In this post, we will see how to open & use MSConfig in Windows 11/10/8/7 and how to manage startup items, boot options, Services & boot in Safe Mode, etc.

What is MSConfig in Windows 11/10

MSCONFIG or System Configuration utility helps users troubleshoot Windows Startup issues. It allows you to manage startup selection, Safe Boot, enable or disable Windows Services, find & launch system tools like Performance Monitor, Resource Monitor, and more. The System Configuration utility is more of a diagnostics tool and offers some great controls for configuring the startup of your system.

How to open MSConfig utility

Open Run Prompt (Win+R), and type msconfig. and press the Enter key. It will launch the System Configuration utility. It will display five tabs:

• General: Allows you to boot Windows in diagnostic or selective mode when necessary
• Boot:  Manage everything related to Windows boot, including Safe mode.
• Services: Enable or disable Windows and other services
• Startup: The startup section is now managed via Task Manager.
• Tools: Launch popular System services from here.

Let us take a look at the features in detail.

1] General/Startup Selection

There are three types of Startup selection. The first is the Normal boot where there is almost no restriction on what ads to the boot process.  The second is Diagnostic, which is useful to troubleshoot with minimal service while Selective is where you decide what starts with Windows 11/10.

• Normal—Boots the system without any diagnostic services. If you are trying to diagnose a problem, you should select one of the other two options. When you are sure the issue is resolved, click this setting to boot your system normally again.
• Diagnostic — This will make sure Windows boots with essential services and drivers enough to start the computer. It helps you to make sure to find out notorious third-party services and software causing the problem.
• Selective —Use this section to speed up computer startup. You can choose to disable services and programs which need not start with Windows.

The Selective Startup mode not only allows you to start your system with essential services and drivers (just like diagnostic), but it also allows you to correctly configure the use of additional services and startup applications so you can slowly determine what is causing the problem in your boot process. You can go through and turn on items one at a time from the Service or Startup tabs and see how your system reacts when you reboot.

Read: How to remove disabled items from the MSConfig startup list.

2] Boot Options

The options for Safe Boot are:

1. Safe Boot: Minimal: Boots to the Windows GUI but only running critical services. Networking functions are also disabled. If you find your system is working at this level, then you might want to try turning on services to see if they cause any further issues.
2. Safe Boot: Alternate Shell: Use this option to boot to a command prompt.  It will keep the critical services running, but networking and the GUI are disabled.
3. Safe Boot: Active Directory Repair: Boots to the Windows GUI running critical services and Active Directory.
   
4. Safe Boot Network: Use this option to boot to the Windows GUI, running critical services and networking. If you don’t think your problem is in the networking services, then having the network turned on for your system will help. It will allow you to access resources you might need on the network or the Internet for diagnosis.

The other options are:

1. No GUI Boot: Does not display the Windows Vista splash screen when you are booting. Instead, as mentioned earlier, the Aurora screen appears.
2. Boot Log.: Stores information from the boot process in a log located in %systemroot% called ntbtlog.txt. Other technicians can read these logs to find what might be causing your system to crash.
3. Base Video: Just like VGA mode in times past, this mode loads the system with standard VGA drivers instead of those that specifically relate to your hardware. This option is suitable for eliminating problems with video drivers. When in this mode, Windows runs at 640 X 480 resolution at which it will consume less memory.
4. OS Boot Information: Shows all the drivers during the boot process as they load up.
5. Make All Boot Settings Permanent: Once you are done with the changes, and want to make it permanent, select this option. However, do remember that post this, there is no easy way to revert to the previous settings. You will have to change everything manually, and hence we caution to use this option carefully.
6. Timeout Settings: You can configure different countdowns for your multi-boot systems. You can try to type in what you like, but it will ask for a number between 3 seconds and 999 seconds.
7. Advanced Settings: These advanced options enable you to configure such things as the number of processors, the amount of memory, and Global Debug settings. Keep in mind that these options are last-resort choices to diagnose your systems. Use it under the direction of Microsoft support services.

Read: What are Boot Advanced Options in MSCONFIG?

3] Services

If you believe that any of the Windows Services is causing an issue, then this section lets you deselect, and help you figure. It lists all the services which start with the boot. You can also uncheck the checkbox to prevent that service from starting up the next time you boot the system.

When you choose to deselect services, the startup mode will change to Selective Startup. To make sure not to disable any of the Windows system services, check the box to select hide services in Windows.

Be careful when you decide to disable a service because you might cause other problems while attempting to search for the one causing your original problem. Some services are compulsory for your system to operate correctly. Other services, if disabled, may throw off your diagnostic approach because you may be affecting other aspects of your OS.

In other words, know why you are disabling a service before you do it, and understand how that service may impact other services or features of your system.

TIP: Autostart Explorer lets you explore EVEN the most obscure start up locations.

4] Startup

In Windows 10, the section to manage Startup items is now available with the Task Manager. You can choose to enable or disable applications to start with Windows. I use it to make certain applications that register themselves to start with Windows can be removed. It improved my overall boot timing.

5] Tools

The Tools tab provides a list of diagnostic and informational tools and shows the location of these tools. From within this tab, you can literally “Launch” any system tool, or you can note the location or name of the tool itself. What’s great about this is that it’s a central location to all sorts of tools and even a few preconfigured command-line options. E.g:

C:\WINDOWS\System32\cmd.exe /k %windir%\system32\ipconfig.exe

That said if you want to disable specific applications in the Startup menu, such as certain spyware and malware applications you find, then you should try the MSCONFIG Cleanup tool. It can also help you get rid of its entry from the Registry and remove these items.

Read next: Use MSConfig to launch Windows tools like System Restore, Regedit, etc.

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