检查磁盘(Check Disk)(chkdsk) 是一种用于验证文件系统完整性的工具，也用于定位硬盘驱动器上的坏扇区。它还有助于在发生涉及数据完整性的系统故障（即电源故障）时恢复损坏的数据。
Check Disk可以检查FAT16、FAT32和NTFS驱动器并自动修复错误。以下是Windows 7、Windows 8 和Windows 10中用于在您的系统上运行 chkdsk 的步骤。
在 Windows 上运行 GUI chkdsk
打开Windows 资源管理器(Windows Explorer)并右键单击要检查的驱动器。在底部，继续并单击Properties。
单击“工具(Tools)”选项卡，您将在“错误检查(Error checking)”部分看到“检查”(Check)按钮。在Windows 7中，按钮是立即检查(Check Now)。
Windows 7 用户将获得弹出窗口，为您提供自动修复错误和扫描坏扇区的选项。如果您希望 chkdsk 在发现问题时尝试修复问题，最好同时检查它们。
对于Win 7用户，如果您选中这两个框并单击Start，您将看到另一个对话框，询问您是否要在系统重新启动时安排扫描。只有在您尝试扫描安装了Windows的系统分区时，您才会看到此消息。
对于Windows 10用户，这些选项均不可用。相反，会出现一个弹出对话框，它可能会说您不需要扫描驱动器，因为Windows没有发现任何错误。但是，如果要执行扫描，请继续并单击Scan drive。
扫描过程将开始，不会花费很长时间。请注意，这种通过GUI界面的方法不如命令行版本（当您安排扫描时在Windows 7中运行的版本）那么彻底。(Windows 7)我将在下面的下一节中讨论这个问题。
扫描完成后，您将收到有关驱动器上是否存在任何错误的消息。您可以单击Show Details，这将带您进入Event Viewer程序并加载应用程序(Application)日志。
如果检测到任何错误，Windows会为您提供几个选项，其中之一是尝试修复磁盘。在Windows 10(Windows 10)中运行 chkdsk 的第二种方法，我认为更好的方法是使用命令提示符。对于Windows 7用户，重新启动时的计划扫描将是更好的扫描。
通过命令提示符运行 chkdsk
为了从命令行运行 chkdsk，您需要打开管理员命令提示符。只需(Just)单击Start，输入cmd然后右键单击它并选择Run as administrator。
在提示符处，继续并输入以下命令：
chkdsk c: /f /r /x
如果您正在扫描当前运行Windows的驱动器，您将收到一条消息，指出Chkdsk 无法运行，因为该卷正在被另一个进程使用(Chkdsk cannot run because the volume is in use by another process)。键入Y以安排在下次系统重新启动时检查卷。
重新启动计算机，您将看到一条消息，按任意键跳过磁盘检查。显然，不要按任何东西，否则扫描将被取消。
此扫描将比Windows(Windows)中的扫描花费更长的时间，并且它更有可能在磁盘上发现错误（如果存在）。如果没有错误，它将简单地退出并正常启动Windows。如果有错误，您将看到错误摘要以及它们是否已修复。
如果您没有看到摘要，请登录Windows并打开事件查看器(Event Viewer)。转到应用程序(Application)日志并向下滚动，直到您看到Source为Wininit且事件 ID 为 1001 的事件。(Event ID 1001.)
它将在此处为您提供有关扫描的所有详细信息。如果您的驱动器确实有错误，则需要确保尽快复制所有关键数据。即使错误得到修复，也并不意味着您的驱动器工作正常。它可能随时失败，您不应该对您的数据承担任何风险。尽快备份(Backup)尽可能多的数据。如果您有任何问题，请随时发表评论。享受！
Fix File System Errors in Windows 7/8/10 with Check Disk Utility (CHKDSK)
Check Disk (сhkdsk) is a tool used to verify file system іntegrity аnd is also used to loсate bad sectors on hard drives. It alsо helps in recovering corrupted data whenever a system failure occurs that inνolνes data intеgrity (i.e. power failure).
Check Disk can examine FAT16, FAT32 and NTFS drives and automatically repair errors. Below are the steps in Windows 7, Windows 8 and Windows 10 for running chkdsk on your system.
Run GUI chkdsk on Windows
Open Windows Explorer and right-click on the drive that you want to check. At the bottom, go ahead and click on Properties.
Click on the Tools tab and you’ll see a Check button in the Error checking section. In Windows 7, the button is Check Now.
Windows 7 users will get popup that gives you the options to automatically fix errors and to scan for bad sectors. It’s a good idea to check both if you want chkdsk to try and repair the problems when they are found.
For Win 7 users, if you check both the boxes and click Start, you will get another dialog asking if you want to schedule the scan when the system restarts. You’ll only see this message if you are trying to scan the system partition where Windows is installed.
For Windows 10 users, none of those options are available. Instead, a popup dialog will appear and it may say that you don’t need to scan the drive because Windows hasn’t found any errors. However, if you want to perform a scan, go ahead and click on Scan drive.
The scanning process will begin and it shouldn’t take very long. Note that this method via the GUI interface isn’t as thorough as the command line version (which is what runs in Windows 7 when you schedule the scan). I’ll talk about that in the next section below.
When the scan is complete, you’ll get a message on whether or not there were any errors on the drive. You can click Show Details, which will take you to the Event Viewer program and load up the Application log.
If any errors were detected, Windows would give you a couple of options, one of which would be to try and repair the disk. The second way to run chkdsk in Windows 10 and the better way, in my opinion, is to use the command prompt. For Windows 7 users, the scheduled scan on reboot will be the better scan.
Run chkdsk via Command Prompt
In order to run chkdsk from the command line, you need to open an administrator command prompt. Just click on Start, type in cmd and then right-click on it and choose Run as administrator.
At the prompt, go ahead and type in the following command:
chkdsk c: /f /r /x
If you are scanning the drive that Windows is currently running from, you’ll get a message that Chkdsk cannot run because the volume is in use by another process. Type in Y to schedule the volume to be checked the next time the system restarts.
Restart your computer and you’ll see a message to press any key to skip disk checking. Obviously, don’t press anything, otherwise the scan will be cancelled.
This scan will take much longer than the scan from within Windows and there’s a much better chance that it will find errors on the disk, if any exist. If there are no errors, it will simply exit out and boot up Windows normally. If there are errors, you’ll see a summary of the errors and whether they were repaired or not.
If you don’t see the summary, log into Windows and open the Event Viewer. Go to Application log and scroll down till you see an event with Source as Wininit and Event ID 1001.
It will give you all the details about the scan here. If your drive does have errors on it, you need to make sure you copy any critical data off as quickly as possible. Even if the errors are fixed, it doesn’t mean your drive is working properly. It could fail at any moment and you shouldn’t take any risks with your data. Backup as much data as you can as soon as possible. If you have any questions, feel free to comment. Enjoy!
