几乎所有新版本的Windows都有许多取自以前版本的操作系统的组件。大多数时候，它是旧软件的更好版本。有时，就像在Windows 8中一样，包含相同功能的多个版本，这会使事情变得更糟。
最后，旧版本 Windows 的一些功能足以在新版本中保持原样。这方面的一个例子是备份选项。在本文中，我将讨论Windows 10(Windows 10)中的内置备份功能，以及它如何融合新的Windows 10功能和旧的Windows 7备份选项。
在某种程度上，您仍然拥有以前拥有的所有选项是一件好事，但它也更加令人困惑，就像同时安装了IE 11和Edge一样。
Windows 10中的Windows 7备份(Backup) 选项(Options)
在Windows 10中，您仍然可以在备份和恢复方面执行您在Windows 7中能够执行的所有操作。如果您转到控制面板(Control Panel)，您会看到一个名为备份和还原 (Windows 7)(Backup and Restore (Windows 7))的选项。
弹出的对话框与您在Windows 7中看到的几乎相同。您可以创建系统映像(Create a system image)、创建系统修复光盘(Create a system repair disc)、设置备份( Set up backup )或恢复备份（如果有可用的备份）。
如果单击Create a system image，您将可以选择要保存图像的位置。只有在Windows 10 专业版和 Windows(Pro and Windows) 10企业版(Enterprise)上，您才能将系统映像(system image)保存到网络位置(network location)。
请注意，您不能将系统映像保存到系统映像(system image)中(system image)包含的任何驱动器上。以这种方式创建系统映像(system image)是一个手动过程。如果要自动完成，则需要选择设置备份(Set up backup)选项。
这与Windows 7(Windows 7)中的备份和还原(Backup and Restore)相同。基本上(Basically)，您选择要将备份保存到的位置，然后选择一个时间表。唯一需要注意的是，如果备份到DVD ，则无法创建(DVD)系统映像(system image)。您必须备份到硬盘或网络位置(disk or network location)才能使用该选项，否则它会显示为灰色。
默认情况下，系统映像以以下格式保存，其中 X 是您选择的驱动器。
X:\WindowsImageBackup\PC_Name\Backup YYYY-MM-DD HHMMSS
例如，如果我选择将系统映像(system image)保存到外部硬盘驱动器 (E:)，那么我的备份位置将是：
E:\WindowsImageBackup\AseemPC\Backup 2018-10-04 083421
(Backup Restore) Windows 10中的备份还原选项(Options)
有两种方法可以从Windows 10中的备份中恢复数据。如果您创建了系统映像(system image)，则必须启动到Windows 10中的系统恢复选项(System Recovery Options)才能恢复映像。如果您使用计划功能(schedule feature)进行备份并选择了文件和文件夹，则可以从“备份和恢复”(Backup and Restore) ( Windows 7 ) 对话框中恢复文件/文件夹。
单击“恢复我的文件”(Restore my files)按钮，然后您可以继续并有选择地选择要从备份中恢复的文件。
对于恢复系统映像(system image)，这是一个不同的过程。请注意，还原系统映像(system image)是完全还原，这意味着您无法选择要还原的内容；一切都将被抹去并替换为图像。从正常的Windows 备份(Windows backup)恢复允许您恢复单个文件和文件夹。
要恢复系统映像(system image)，您需要启动到Windows 10中的系统恢复(System Recovery) 选项(Options)。到达那里后，您需要单击疑难解答(Troubleshoot)。
然后点击高级选项(Advanced Options)。
然后继续并单击System Image Recovery。
接下来，您必须选择一个帐户并输入(account and type)该用户帐户(user account)的密码。然后，您可以选择从最新的系统映像(system image)恢复或选择特定的映像，例如，如果您将系统映像(system image)保存到外部USB硬盘驱动器、网络位置(network location)或DVD中，您会这样做。
选择图像后，您将有几个选项可用于将图像还原到计算机。请注意，您只能还原到与备份映像(backup image)中包含的磁盘大小相同或更大的磁盘。
在 Windows 10 中重置此电脑
除了上述选项之外，您还可以使用Windows 10中称为重置(Reset)此 PC 的新功能。这基本上就像在Windows XP 或 Windows 7 中执行(Windows XP or Windows)修复安装(repair install)。所有系统文件都被替换，您基本上会丢失所有程序和设置，但您的数据保持不变。
这正是重置此 PC 所做的，但它要容易得多，实际上只需点击几下。它还为您提供了完全擦除所有内容并(everything and start)从头开始的选项。这是单击执行Windows 10的完全全新安装。
文件历史
除了所有Windows 7 备份和恢复选项(backup and restore options)（重置(Reset)此PC 选项(PC option)）之外，您还拥有Windows 10中的另一个新功能，称为文件历史记录(File History)。
文件历史记录(File History)默认关闭。另请注意，如果您使用带有计划的 Windows 7文件备份(file backup)，则无法启用文件历史记录！(File History)您将看到此消息：
您必须关闭计划才能使用File History。这有点烦人，因为这意味着如果您想为备份提供系统映像，则必须手动创建系统映像。禁用计划的Windows 7备份后，您会看到现在可以打开文件历史记录(File History)。
建议您使用外部驱动器或辅助硬盘驱动器来保存文件历史记录，而不是本地硬盘驱动器或分区(drive or partition)。如果您愿意，也可以使用网络位置。(network location)实际上，您甚至无法为File History选择同一物理磁盘上的位置。这是文件历史记录(File History)相对于影子副本(Shadow Copies)的一个优势，影子副本是旧版Windows中的一种类似技术。如果驱动器死机，您可以重新安装Windows 10，将其命名为与死机系统相同的名称，然后为文件历史记录(File History)选择与死机相同的位置。
选择位置后，将启用“打开(Turn)”按钮，以便您单击它。就是这样，文件历史(FIle History)现在开始了！那么这是什么意思，它有什么作用呢？
好吧，它基本上保存了存储在您的库、收藏夹、联系人和其他一些位置（如音乐(Music)、视频(Videos)、图片和桌面(Pictures and Desktop)）中的文件版本。如果您在制作了一些副本后返回文件历史记录(File History)，则可以单击“恢复个人文件”( Restore personal files)选项。
您现在可以浏览到特定文件或文件夹(file or folder)，并使用屏幕底部的绿色蓝色键及时来回导航。这是我创建并使用一些文本编辑的文本文档的示例。
如果我单击左箭头键(left arrow key)，我将看到版本 2 of 3，它的文本比(version 2)版本 3(version 3) of 3少一点。
按绿色圆形箭头按钮(arrow button)将允许您恢复该文件的版本：
您可以替换文件，跳过它或查看文件的一些比较信息(comparison info)。不幸的是，它实际上不会比较文件的内容，只是比较日期和其他信息，如大小等。文件历史(File History)听起来不错，但在我看来，它有一些严重的问题，也有很多其他人，显然。
1. 如果重命名文件，该文件的历史记录将丢失。它基本上是从头开始的。因此，重命名文件与删除文件并重新开始(file and starting)几乎相同。旧的历史仍然存在，只是旧的名字。
2. 从第一点开始(point one)，如果你用原来的文件名创建另一个文件，历史将被加入！因此，如果您删除具有历史记录的文件，然后创建一个具有相同名称的新文件，您还将获得先前删除文件的历史记录。
3. 每次备份完成时都会复制整个文件。因此，如果您有一个 500 MB 的文件(MB file)以较小的方式更改了 3 次，那么您将拥有该文件的三个 500 MB 副本。
4. 您不能备份(backup anything)文件和文件夹以外的任何内容。您仍然必须依靠备份和还原(Backup and Restore)( Windows 7 ) 来实际备份您的 Windows 10 系统。
5. 除了Microsoft(Microsoft)预定义的文件夹之外，您不能包含其他文件夹。这意味着如果您想使用File History，您必须将数据移动到指定文件夹之一。
总的来说， Windows 10(Windows 10)中所有复杂的备份选项系统很可能会让新用户感到困惑。希望本文能够阐明不同的选项、它们的优缺点以及如何结合使用它们来为Windows 10 PC创建强大的备份计划。(backup plan)
最后，如果它们不够好，您可以跳过所有内置选项，只需使用第三方工具来克隆和映像您的系统。如果您有任何问题，请随时发表评论。享受！
OTT Guide to Backups, System Images and Recovery in Windows 10
Just abоut all new versions of Windows have many components that are taken from previous verѕions of the ОS. Most of the time, it’s a better versiоn of the old software. Sometimes, like in Windows 8, multiplе versions of the same feature are included and it can make things worse.
Lastly, some features from older versions of Windows are good enough to keep as-is in newer version. One example of this is the backup options. In this article, I’m going to talk about the built-in backup features in Windows 10 and how it’s a blend of new Windows 10 features and old Windows 7 backup options.
In a way, it’s a good thing that you still have all the options you had before, but it’s also more confusing, just like having IE 11 and Edge installed at the same time.
Windows 7 Backup Options in Windows 10
In Windows 10, you can still do everything you were able to do in Windows 7 in terms of backups and recovery. If you go to the Control Panel, you’ll see an option called Backup and Restore (Windows 7).
The dialog that pops up is pretty much the same one you see in Windows 7. You can Create a system image, Create a system repair disc, Set up backup or restore a backup if there is one available.
If you click on Create a system image, you’ll have a choice of where you want to save the image. Only on Windows 10 Pro and Windows 10 Enterprise can you save the system image to a network location.
Note that you cannot save the system image to any drive that is included in the system image. Creating a system image this way is a manual process. If you want to have it done automatically, you need to choose the Set up backup option.
This is the same as Backup and Restore in Windows 7. Basically, you choose where you want to save the backup to and then pick a schedule. The only thing you have to note is that you cannot create a system image if you backup to DVD. You have to backup to a hard disk or network location in order to have that option otherwise it’s greyed out.
By default, the system images are saved in the following format, where X is the drive you choose.
X:\WindowsImageBackup\PC_Name\Backup YYYY-MM-DD HHMMSS
For example, if I chose to save the system image to an external hard drive (E:), then I the location of the backup would be:
E:\WindowsImageBackup\AseemPC\Backup 2018-10-04 083421
Backup Restore Options in Windows 10
There are two ways to recover data from your backups in Windows 10. If you created a system image, then you have to boot to System Recovery Options in Windows 10 to restore the image. If you backed up using the schedule feature and picked files and folders, you can restore the files/folders from within the Backup and Restore (Windows 7) dialog.
Click on the Restore my files button and then you can go ahead and selectively choose which files you want to restore from the backup.
For restoring the system image, it’s a different procedure. Note that restoring a system image is a full restore, meaning that you can’t pick and choose what you want to restore; everything will be wiped out and replaced with the image. Restoring from a normal Windows backup allows you to restore individual files and folders.
To restore a system image, you need to boot to System Recovery Options in Windows 10. Once there, you need to click on Troubleshoot.
Then click on Advanced Options.
Then go ahead and click on System Image Recovery.
Next, you’ll have to choose an account and type in the password for that user account. You’ll then have the option to restore from the latest system image or choose a specific image, which you would do if you had the system image saved to an external USB hard drive, a network location or a DVD, for example.
Once you have selected the image, you’ll have several options on how to restore the image to your computer. Note that you can only restore to a disk that is the same size or larger than the disks included in the backup image.
Reset this PC in Windows 10
In addition to the options above, you can also use a new feature in Windows 10 called Reset this PC. This is basically like performing a repair install in Windows XP or Windows 7. All system files are replaced and you essentially lose all your programs and settings, but you data stays intact.
This is exactly what Reset this PC does, but it’s a lot easier and really just takes a couple of clicks. It also gives you the option to completely erase everything and start from scratch. This is click performing a full clean install of Windows 10.
File History
In addition to all the Windows 7 backup and restore options, the Reset this PC option, you also have another new feature in Windows 10 called File History.
File History is turned off by default. Also note that if you are using a Windows 7 file backup with a schedule, File History cannot be enabled! You’ll see this message:
You have to turn off the schedule in order to use File History. This is kind of annoying since that means you’ll have to manually create system images if you like to have system images for your backups. Once you disable scheduled Windows 7 backups, you’ll see you now can turn File History on.
It’s suggested that you use an external drive or secondary hard drive for saving the file history instead of a local hard drive or partition. You can also use a network location if you like. Actually, you can’t even choose a location on the same physical disk for File History. This is one advantage File History has over Shadow Copies, which was a similar technology in older version of Windows. If the drive dies, you can reinstall Windows 10, give it the same name as the dead system and then choose the same location for File History as the dead machine.
Once you have chosen a location, the Turn on button will be enabled so you can click on it. That’s about it, FIle History is now on! So what does that mean and what does it do?
Well, it basically saves versions of the files stored in your libraries, favorites, contacts, and a few other locations like Music, Videos, Pictures and Desktop. If you go back to File History after it’s made some copies, you can click on the Restore personal files option.
You can now browse through to a specific file or folder and navigate back and forth in time using the green blue keys at the bottom of the screen. Here’s an example of a text document I created and edited with some text.
If I click the left arrow key, I’ll see version 2 of 3, which has a little bit less text than version 3 of 3.
Pressing the green circular arrow button will allow you to restore that version of the file:
You can replace the file, skip it or see some comparison info on the files. Unfortunately, it won’t actually compare the content of the files, just the date and other info like the size, etc. File History sounds pretty good, but it has some serious issues in my opinion and with a lot of other people too, apparently.
1. If you rename a file, the history for that file is lost. It basically starts from scratch again. So renaming a file is pretty much the same thing as deleting a file and starting over. The old history still exists, just with the old name.
2. Following from point one, if you create another file with the name of the original file, the histories will be joined! So if you delete a file that had a history and then you create a new file with that same name, you’ll get the history of the previously deleted file too.
3. Copies are made of the entire file each time a backup is done. So if you have a 500 MB file that gets changed three times in a minor way, you’ll have three 500MB copies of that file.
4. You can’t backup anything other than files and folders. You’ll still have to rely on Backup and Restore (Windows 7) for actually backing up your Windows 10 system.
5. You can’t include additional folders other than the ones pre-defined by Microsoft. This means if you want to use File History, you’ll have to move the data to one of the designated folders.
Overall, it’s all complicated system of backup options in Windows 10 that will most likely confuse new users. Hopefully, this article sheds some light on the different options, their advantages and disadvantages and how you can use them in combination to create a robust backup plan for your Windows 10 PC.
Lastly, you can skip out on all the built-in options if they aren’t good enough and simply use a third-party tool for cloning and imaging your system. If you have any questions, feel free to post a comment. Enjoy!
