Windows 11包含许多功能和设置，其中一些可能会被关注隐私的人视为具有侵入性。好消息是，Windows 11还为我们提供了大量的开关和设置，让我们可以控制Windows 11可以访问哪些硬件设备和哪些功能。这些称为Windows 权限(Windows permissions)和应用程序权限(App permissions)。在本指南中，我们将向您展示如何在Windows 11中检查和设置权限：
Windows 11中的(Windows 11)Windows和应用权限是什么？
Windows 权限是“设置”(Settings)应用中提供的控件，可让您控制Windows 11可以在您的计算机上访问和使用的内容。(access and use)这些权限主要是指包含某种程度的个人信息的功能，您可能希望也可能不希望允许Windows 11或Microsoft 访问(Microsoft access)这些信息。例如，您的广告 ID、活动历史(activity history)、语音模式等。
应用(App)权限允许用户分别控制对每个应用的硬件组件或Windows功能的访问。(Windows)Windows 11 允许您为多种类型的硬件和功能(hardware and features)设置应用程序权限，范围从麦克风到网络摄像头、位置、电子邮件，甚至是您的日历。
在安装应用程序或使用其某些功能时，该应用程序可能会请求访问某些硬件组件或 Windows 11 功能的权限。
在Windows 11(Windows 11)中请求访问麦克风的应用
在许多情况下，这没关系，并且您应该为该应用程序正常运行而做一些事情。但是，在其他情况下，某些应用程序可能会要求对他们并不真正需要的事物或您不想授予他们访问权限的事物授予权限。例如，您应该授予相机(Camera )应用访问您的网络摄像头的权限，但如果您不打算使用她，您可能不想授予Cortana访问您的麦克风的权限。(Microphone)
阅读本教程的以下部分，了解如何在Windows 11中(Windows 11)访问和设置 Windows(access and set Windows)和应用权限。
如何在Windows 11中访问应用程序的权限(Windows 11)
如果您想在Windows 11中更改应用程序的权限，您必须先访问它们。访问应用程序权限的最直接方法是从开始菜单(Start Menu)。打开“开始”菜单(Start Menu)并在“已固定(Pinned)”部分或“所有应用(All apps)”列表中找到该应用。找到它后，右键单击或按住其快捷方式，然后单击或点击上下文菜单中的(click or tap) 应用程序设置(App settings)。请注意，如果您在所有应用程序(All apps)列表中找到该应用程序，在上下文菜单中，您必须先选择更多(More)，然后再按应用程序设置(App settings)。
在Windows 11(Windows 11)中打开应用的应用(App)设置
这会使 Windows 11在该应用的页面上启动“设置”应用。(Settings)在那里，您可以立即看到它的App 权限(App permissions)。他们应该是这样的：
(App)Windows 11设置中应用的应用权限
在Windows 11(Windows 11)中还有另一种访问应用程序权限的方法，但并不那么简单。事情是这样的：
打开设置(Settings)应用程序，选择窗口左侧的应用程序，然后单击(Apps)或点击(click or tap)右侧的应用程序和功能(Apps & features)。
在Windows 11的设置中打开Apps > Apps & features
在应用程序和功能(Apps & features)页面上，搜索或滚动(search or scroll)应用程序列表(App list)以找到您想要的应用程序。然后，从右侧单击或点击看起来像三个堆叠点的按钮。在显示的菜单中，选择高级选项(Advanced options)以查看应用权限部分。
(Advanced)Windows 11设置中应用程序的高级选项
如何在Windows 11中更改应用程序的权限？
在应用程序的设置页面上，Windows 11 允许您使用可以根据需要启用或禁用的简单开关来设置该应用程序的权限。例如，如果您希望Microsoft 照片(Microsoft Photos)应用能够访问您的网络摄像头，则需要打开“相机”(Camera)开关。但是，如果您不想让它访问您的麦克风，请关闭麦克风(Microphone)开关。
如何在Windows 11中更改应用程序权限(Windows 11)
Windows 11中的一种特殊权限是后台应用程序权限(Background apps permissions)。这是一个允许您指定应用程序是否以及如何在后台运行的设置。您可以在此处设置的权限是：
- (Always)无论如何，始终让选定的应用程序在后台运行。(app run)
- 电源优化(Power optimized)，这也是推荐的选项，让应用程序(app run)在后台运行，但在您的设备使用电池运行时限制其电力使用。(power usage)
- 从不(Never)拒绝所选应用在后台运行。
后台应用权限
注意：(NOTE:)当您决定更改应用程序权限时，应格外注意。如果您拒绝应用程序访问它真正需要正确完成工作的硬件或功能，您可能会破坏其功能。例如，如果您选择拒绝Diagnostic Data Viewer的(Diagnostic Data Viewer)后台应用程序(Background apps)权限，它可能无法在您的计算机后台运行时收集所有可能的诊断信息。
如何访问Windows权限和App权限（按类别）
除了让我们单独访问应用程序权限外，Windows 11 还有一个特殊位置，用于按类别控制系统范围的Windows和应用程序权限。(Windows)以下是如何到达那里：
在您的 Windows 11 PC 上，打开“设置”(Settings)应用 ( Windows + I )，然后在左侧边栏中选择“隐私和安全”。(Privacy & security)在右侧面板上，滚动直到您到达Windows 权限(Windows permissions)或应用程序权限(App permissions)列表，具体取决于您的兴趣，然后选择其中一个选项。每个条目对应于一种Windows或应用权限。例如，如果您想让应用向您展示个性化广告，请打开Windows 权限下的(Windows permissions)常规(General)条目。或者，如果您想查看和控制允许哪些应用使用您的麦克风，请选择麦克风(Microphone )选项。这里有许多控件和开关，在Windows 权限(Windows permissions)和应用权限(App permissions)中，所以最好花点时间浏览所有这些，直到找到所需的所有隐私和安全控件(privacy and security controls)。
控制(Control)应用程序对Windows 11中的(Windows 11)设备或功能(device or feature)的访问
同样，您可以选择查看和控制任何其他类型的应用权限，例如位置、相机、联系人(Location, Camera, Contacts, )等。
如何按类别授予Windows 11中的应用程序权限？(Windows 11)
从应用程序权限(App permissions)列表中选择一个选项后，设置(Settings)应用程序会显示您可以为其设置的所有内容。让我们以麦克风(Microphone)条目为例。当您进入其页面时，Windows 11 允许您选择是让使用您的 PC 及其应用程序的人访问麦克风，还是拒绝所有人使用它。所有这一切都可以通过打开或关闭页面顶部的麦克风访问(Microphone access)和“让应用程序访问您的麦克风”开关来一次性控制。(“Let apps access your microphone”)
允许或拒绝人员和应用程序使用设备或功能(device or feature)
但是，您可能只想控制哪些应用程序可以使用您的麦克风（或您在应用程序权限(App permissions)列表中选择的设备/功能）。在这种情况下，请向下滚动“让应用程序访问您的麦克风(“Let apps access your microphone )[或您选择的选项] ”开关下的列表。它向您显示可以访问和使用(access and use)该设备或功能(device or feature)的所有应用程序。它们每个都带有一个开关，您可以切换该开关以允许或拒绝它的访问。例如，如果您不希望Cortana能够使用您的麦克风，请将其关闭。或者，如果您想允许相机(Camera)应用程序使用它，请启用其右侧的开关。
(Set)在Windows 11中为应用(Windows 11)设置权限
就是这样：您可以按照相同的步骤为所有应用程序和 Windows 功能(apps and Windows features)设置权限。
您更改了哪些应用权限？
现在您了解更多有关Windows 11中的应用权限、如何访问它们以及如何更改应用权限的信息。是什么促使您搜索有关该主题的信息？您(Did)是否只想控制一个在您的Windows 11设备上表现异常的应用程序的权限？是否(Were)有很多应用程序或特定设备让您担心隐私问题？请在下面的评论中告诉我们。
How to set Windows and app permissions in Windows 11
Windows 11 includes many features and settings, and some of them can be looked upon as intrusive by privacy-concerned folks. The good news is that Windows 11 also provides us with plеnty of switches аnd settings that let us contrоl what hardwarе devices and what features Windows 11 can access. These are called Windows permissions and App permissions. In this guide, we’re going to show you how to check and set permissions in Windows 11:
What are Windows and app permissions in Windows 11?
Windows permissions are controls available in the Settings app that allow you to control what Windows 11 can access and use on your computer. These permissions mostly refer to features that contain some degree of personal information, which you may or may not want to allow Windows 11 or Microsoft access to. For example, your advertising ID, activity history, voice patterns, etc.
App permissions allow the user to control the access to hardware components or Windows features for each app separately. Windows 11 lets you set app permissions for many types of hardware and features, ranging from microphone to webcam, location, email, or even your calendar.
When installing an app or using some of its features, that app might ask for permission to access some hardware components or Windows 11 features.
An app requesting access to the microphone in Windows 11
In many cases, that’s OK and is something you should do for that app to operate properly. However, in other cases, some apps might ask for permissions to things they don’t really need or you don’t want to give them access to. For example, you should give the Camera app access to your webcam, but you might not want to give Cortana access to your Microphone if you don’t intend to use her.
Read the following sections of this tutorial to see how to access and set Windows and app permissions in Windows 11.
How to access an app’s permissions in Windows 11
If you want to change the permissions of an app in Windows 11, you must first get to them. The most straightforward way to access an app’s permissions is from the Start Menu. Open the Start Menu and locate the app in the Pinned section or in the All apps list. Once you find it, right-click or press and hold its shortcut, and click or tap App settings in the contextual menu. Note that, if you found the app in the All apps list, in the contextual menu, you must first select More, and only then press App settings.
Open the App settings of an app in Windows 11
This makes Windows 11 launch the Settings app on that app’s page. There, you can immediately see its App permissions. Here’s what they should look like:
App permissions of an app in Windows 11's Settings
There’s also another method to access app permissions in Windows 11, but it’s not as straightforward. Here’s how it goes:
Open the Settings app, select Apps on the left side of the window, and click or tap on Apps & features on the right.
Open Apps > Apps & features in Windows 11's Settings
On the Apps & features page, search or scroll through the App list to find the app you want. Then, click or tap the button that looks like three stacked dots from its right side. In the menu that shows up, select Advanced options to see the app permissions section.
Advanced options of an app in the Windows 11 Settings
How do you change an app’s permissions in Windows 11?
On the app’s settings page, Windows 11 allows you to set that app’s permissions using simple switches that you can enable or disable as you want. For example, if you want the Microsoft Photos app to be able to access your webcam, you need to turn the Camera switch on. But, if you don’t want to allow it to access your microphone, turn the Microphone switch off.
How to change app permissions in Windows 11
A special kind of permissions in Windows 11 are the Background apps permissions. This is a setting that allows you to specify whether and how an application can run in the background. The permissions you can set here are:
- Always lets the selected app run in the background no matter what.
- Power optimized, which is also the recommended option, lets the app run in the background, but limits its power usage when your device runs on batteries.
- Never denies the selected app from running in the background.
Background app permissions
NOTE: You should pay extra attention when you decide to change app permissions. If you deny an app access to hardware or features that it really needs to do its job right, you might break its functionality. For example, if you choose to deny the Background apps permissions for Diagnostic Data Viewer, it may be unable to collect all the diagnostic information it could while running in the background on your computer.
How to access Windows permissions and App permissions (by category)
Besides letting us access app permissions individually, Windows 11 also has a special location for controlling system-wide Windows and app permissions by category. Here’s how to get there:
On your Windows 11 PC, open the Settings app (Windows + I) and select Privacy & security on the left sidebar. On the right panel, scroll until you get to the Windows permissions or App permissions list, depending on which interests you, and select one of the options in it. Each entry corresponds to a type of Windows or app permission. For example, if you want to let apps show you personalized ads, open the General entry under Windows permissions. Or, if you want to see and control which apps are allowed to use your microphone, select the Microphone option. There are many controls and switches available here, in Windows permissions and App permissions, so it’s best to just take your time and browse through all of them until you find all the privacy and security controls you want.
Control apps access to a device or feature in Windows 11
Similarly, you can choose to see and control any other type of app permissions, like Location, Camera, Contacts, etc.
How do you give permissions to apps in Windows 11 by category?
Once you’ve selected an option from the App permissions list, the Settings app shows you all the things you can set for it. Let’s take, for example, the Microphone entry. When you get to its page, Windows 11 lets you choose whether you want to let people using your PC and its apps access the microphone, or you’d rather deny all from using it. All this can be controlled all at once by turning the Microphone access and “Let apps access your microphone” switches on or off, at the top of the page.
Let or deny people and apps from using a device or feature
However, you may want to control only which apps can use your microphone (or the device/feature you selected in the App permissions list). In that case, scroll down the list under the “Let apps access your microphone [or the option you chose]” switch. It shows you all the apps that can access and use that device or feature. Each of them comes with a switch that you can toggle to allow or deny it access. For example, if you don’t want Cortana to be able to use your microphone, set its switch off. Or, if you want to allow the Camera app to use it, enable the switch on its right.
Set permissions for apps in Windows 11
That was it: you can follow the same steps to set permissions for all the apps and Windows features.
Which app permissions did you change?
Now you know more about what app permissions are in Windows 11, how to access them, and how to change app permissions. What made you search for information on this subject? Did you want to control the permissions of only one app that behaved strangely on your Windows 11 device? Were there many apps or a certain device that you worried about in terms of privacy? Let us know in the comments below.
