如果您的硬盘遇到任何问题，例如坏扇区、故障磁盘等，那么Check Disk可以成为救命稻草。Windows 用户可能无法将各种错误面与硬盘相关联，但其中一个或其他原因与它有关。因此始终建议运行检查磁盘，因为它可以轻松解决问题。无论如何(Anyway)，这里是使用 chkdsk 检查硬盘错误的完整指南。
什么是 Chkdsk 以及何时使用它？
磁盘错误是许多用户面临的常见问题。这就是为什么Windows操作系统附带一个名为 chkdsk 的内置实用工具的原因。Chkdsk是基本的Windows实用软件，可扫描硬盘、USB或外部驱动器以查找错误并修复文件系统错误。CHKDSK基本上通过检查磁盘的物理结构来确保磁盘是健康的。它修复与丢失的簇、坏扇区、目录错误和交叉链接文件相关的问题。
chkdsk 的一些关键特性是：(Some key features of chkdsk are:)
- 它扫描和修复NTFS / FAT驱动器错误。
- 它会发现坏扇区，这些坏扇区是硬盘驱动器中物理损坏的块。
- 它还可以扫描带有USB记忆棒、SSD外部驱动器等存储器的不同数据存储设备以查找错误。
建议运行 chkdsk 实用程序作为定期维护和其他SMART的一部分。支持它的驱动器的工具。如果您考虑在Windows随机关闭、系统崩溃、Windows 10 死机等情况下运行 chkdsk，将会有所帮助。
如何使用(How to Check Disk for Errors Using )chkdsk检查磁盘是否有错误
确保 创建一个还原点(create a restore point) 以防万一出现问题。
方法 1：使用 Chkdsk GUI 检查硬盘是否有错误(Method 1: Check your hard disk for errors using Chkdsk GUI)
以下是通过GUI(GUI)手动执行 chkdsk 的步骤：
1. 打开系统的文件资源管理器(File Explorer)，然后从左侧菜单中选择“这台电脑(This PC)”。
2. 右键单击要运行 chkdsk 的特定磁盘驱动器。您还可以对存储卡或任何其他可移动磁盘驱动器运行扫描。
3. 从上下文菜单中选择“属性(Properties)”，然后切换到“属性”窗口下的“工具(Tools)”。
4. 现在在错误检查(Error-checking)部分下，单击“检查(Check)”按钮。对于Windows 7，此按钮名称将为“立即检查”。(Check now.)”
5. 扫描完成后，Windows会通知您“它没有在驱动器上发现任何错误(it has not found any errors on the drive)”。但是，如果您仍然需要，您可以通过单击“扫描驱动器(Scan drive)”来执行手动扫描。
6. 最初，这将执行扫描而不执行任何修复任务(without performing any repair tasks)。因此(Hence)，您的 PC 无需重新启动。
7. 驱动器扫描完成后，如果没有检测到错误，您可以单击“关闭(Close)”按钮。
8. 对于Windows 7，当您单击“立即检查(Check now)”按钮时，您将看到一个对话框，让您选择几个额外的选项，例如是否需要自动修复文件系统中的错误并扫描坏扇区，等等
9. 如果您希望进行这些彻底的磁盘检查；选择这两个选项，然后按“开始(Start)”按钮。这将需要一些时间来扫描您的磁盘驱动器扇区。当您在几个小时内不需要您的系统时，请执行此操作。
另请参阅：如何在 Windows 10 中读取 Chkdsk 的事件查看器日志(How to Read Event Viewer Log for Chkdsk in Windows 10)
方法 2：从命令行运行检查磁盘 (chkdsk)(Method 2: Run Check Disk (chkdsk) from Command Line)
如果您不确定下次重新启动时是否列出了磁盘检查，还有另一种简单的方法可以使用CLI – 命令提示符(CLI – Command Prompt)来检查您的磁盘。步骤是：
1. 按Windows键 + S 调出搜索，输入“命令提示符(command prompt)”或“ cmd ”。
2.右键单击(Right-click)搜索结果中的命令提示符(Command Prompt)，然后选择“以管理员身份运行。(Run as administrator.)”
3. 在命令提示符下，键入以下命令以及驱动器号：chkdsk C：
注意：(Note:)有时检查磁盘(Check Disk)无法启动，因为您要检查的磁盘仍在系统进程中使用，因此磁盘检查实用程序会要求您在下次重新启动时安排磁盘检查，单击是(yes)并重新启动系统。
4. 也可以使用开关设置参数，f / 或 r 例如chkdsk C: /f /r /x
注意： (Note: )将 C(Replace C) : 替换为要运行Check Disk的驱动器号。此外，在上面的命令中 C: 是我们要检查磁盘的驱动器，/f 代表一个标志，它 chkdsk 有权修复与驱动器相关的任何错误，/r 让 chkdsk 搜索坏扇区并执行恢复和/x 指示检查磁盘在开始该过程之前卸载驱动器。
5. 您还可以替换/for /r 等开关(Switches)。要了解有关开关的更多信息，请在 cmd 中键入以下命令并按Enter：
CHKDSK /?
6. 当您的操作系统安排自动签入驱动器时，您会观察到将显示一条消息，让您知道该卷已脏并且存在潜在错误。否则，它不会安排自动扫描。
7. 因此，下次启动Windows(Windows)时将安排一次磁盘检查。还有一个选项可以通过键入以下命令取消检查：chkntfs /x c:
有时用户会发现启动时的Chkdsk非常烦人且耗时，因此请参阅本指南以了解 如何在 Windows 10 中取消计划的 Chkdsk。(How To Cancel a Scheduled Chkdsk in Windows 10.)
方法 3：使用 PowerShell 运行磁盘错误检查(Method 3: Run Disk Error Checking using PowerShell)
1.在Windows Search中键入PowerShell ，然后在搜索结果中右键单击PowerShell并选择以管理员身份运行。(Run as Administrator.)
2. 现在在PowerShell(PowerShell)中键入以下命令之一，然后按 Enter(Enter)：
To scan and repair the drive (equivalent to chkdsk): Repair-Volume -DriveLetter drive_letter
To scan the volume offline and fix any errors found (equivalent to chkdsk /f): Repair-Volume -DriveLetter drive_letter -OfflineScanAndFix
To scan the volume without attempting to repair it (equivalent to chkdsk /scan): Repair-Volume -DriveLetter drive_letter -Scan
To take the volume briefly offline and then fixes only issues that are logged in the $corrupt file (equivalent to chkdsk /spotfix): Repair-Volume -DriveLetter drive_letter -SpotFix
注意：(Note:)将上述命令中的“ drive_letter ”替换为您想要的实际驱动器号。(drive_letter)
3.关闭 PowerShell(Close PowerShell)重新启动您的 PC 以保存更改。
方法 4：使用故障恢复控制台检查磁盘是否有错误(Method 4: Check your disk for errors using Recovery Console)
1. 插入Windows 10可启动安装DVD并重新启动您的 PC。
2. 当提示Press any key to boot from CD or DVD时，按任意键继续。(press any key to continue.)
3. 选择您的语言首选项，然后单击下一步(Next)。单击左下角的修复计算机。(Click Repair)
4. 在选择选项屏幕上，单击疑难解答(Troubleshoot)。
5. 在疑难解答(Troubleshoot)屏幕上，单击高级选项(Advanced option)。
6. 在高级(Advanced)选项屏幕上，单击命令提示符。(Command Prompt.)
7. 运行命令： chkdsk [f]: /f /r。
注意：(Note:) [f] 指定需要扫描的磁盘。
受到推崇的：(Recommended:)
我希望这篇文章对您有所帮助，您现在可以使用 chkdsk 轻松检查磁盘是否有错误，(Check Disk for Errors Using chkdsk, )但如果您对本教程仍有任何疑问，请随时在评论部分提出。
How to Check Disk for Errors Using chkdsk
If you face any issue with yoυr hard disk such as bаd sectors, failing disk etc., then Check Disk can be a lifesaver. Windows users might not be able to associаte vаrious error faсes with a hard disk, but one or othеr саuse is related to it. So running check disk is always recommended as іt can easilу fix the issue. Anyway, here is the full guide tо check the hard disk for errors using chkdsk.
What is Chkdsk and When to Use It?
Errors in disks are a common issue which many users face. And that is why Windows OS comes with an in-built utility tool called chkdsk. Chkdsk is basic Windows utility software which scans for hard disk, USB or external drive for errors & can fix file-system errors. CHKDSK basically make sure that the disk is healthy by inspecting the physical structure of the disk. It repairs problems related to lost clusters, bad sectors, directory errors, and cross-linked files.
Some key features of chkdsk are:
- It scans & fixes NTFS/FAT drive errors.
- It spots out bad sectors which are physically damaged blocks in hard drive.
- It can also scan different data storage devices with memories like USB sticks, SSD external drives for errors.
It is recommended to run chkdsk utility as a part of regularly scheduled maintenance and other S.M.A.R.T. tool for drives that support it. It would help if you considered running chkdsk whenever Windows shut down randomly, system crashes, Windows 10 freezes etc.
How to Check Disk for Errors Using chkdsk
Make sure to create a restore point just in case something goes wrong.
Method 1: Check your hard disk for errors using Chkdsk GUI
Here are the steps to perform chkdsk manually through GUI:
1. Open your system’s File Explorer then from the left-hand side menu, select “This PC“.
2. Right-click on the specific disk drive for which you want to run chkdsk. You can also run the scan for a memory card or any other removable disk drive.
3. Select “Properties” from the context menu and then switch to Tools under the Properties window.
4. Now under Error-checking section, click on the “Check” button. For Windows 7, this button name will be “Check now.”
5. Once the scan is finished, Windows will inform you that ‘it has not found any errors on the drive’. But if you still want, you can perform a manual scan by clicking on “Scan drive“.
6. Initially, this will carry out a scan without performing any repair tasks. Hence no restart required for your PC.
7. After the scanning of your drive is complete, and if no errors are detected, you can click on the “Close” button.
8. For Windows 7, when you click the “Check now” button, you will observe a dialog box that lets you select a couple of extra options like whether any automatic fixing of errors in the file system is required and scan for bad sectors, etc.
9. If you wish to carry out these thorough disk check; select both options & then press the “Start” button. This will take some time to scan your disk drive sectors. Do this when you don’t need your system for a few hours.
Also see: How to Read Event Viewer Log for Chkdsk in Windows 10
Method 2: Run Check Disk (chkdsk) from Command Line
In case, you are not certain if a disk check is listed for your next restart, there is another easy way to check your disk using the CLI – Command Prompt. The steps are:
1. Press Windows key + S to bring up search, type “command prompt” or “cmd“.
2. Right-click on the Command Prompt from the search result and select “Run as administrator.”
3. In the command prompt, type the following command along with the drive letter: chkdsk C:
Note: Sometimes Check Disk cannot start because the disk you want to check is still being used by the system processes, so disk check utility will ask you to schedule the disk check on the next reboot, click yes and reboot the system.
4. You can also set parameters using switches, f / or r example, chkdsk C: /f /r /x
Note: Replace C: with the drive letter on which you want to run Check Disk. Also, in the above command C: is the drive on which we want to check disk, /f stands for a flag which chkdsk the permission to fix any errors associated with the drive, /r let chkdsk search for bad sectors and perform recovery and /x instructs the check disk to dismount the drive before beginning the process.
5. You can also substitute the Switches which are /for /r etc. To know more about switches type the following command into cmd and hit Enter:
CHKDSK /?
6. When your OS will schedule an automatic check-in the drive, you will observe that a message will be displayed to let you know that the volume is dirty and has potential errors. Otherwise, it will not schedule an automatic scan.
7. So, a disk check will be scheduled for the next time you launch Windows. There is also an option to cancel the check by typing the command: chkntfs /x c:
Sometimes users find Chkdsk at boot very annoying and time-consuming, so see this guide to learn How To Cancel a Scheduled Chkdsk in Windows 10.
Method 3: Run Disk Error Checking using PowerShell
1. Type PowerShell in Windows Search then right-click on PowerShell from the search result and select Run as Administrator.
2. Now type one of the following commands into PowerShell and hit Enter:
To scan and repair the drive (equivalent to chkdsk): Repair-Volume -DriveLetter drive_letter
To scan the volume offline and fix any errors found (equivalent to chkdsk /f): Repair-Volume -DriveLetter drive_letter -OfflineScanAndFix
To scan the volume without attempting to repair it (equivalent to chkdsk /scan): Repair-Volume -DriveLetter drive_letter -Scan
To take the volume briefly offline and then fixes only issues that are logged in the $corrupt file (equivalent to chkdsk /spotfix): Repair-Volume -DriveLetter drive_letter -SpotFix
Note: Substitute “drive_letter” in the above command with the actual drive letter you want.
3. Close PowerShell restart your PC to save changes.
Method 4: Check your disk for errors using Recovery Console
1. Insert the Windows 10 bootable installation DVD and restart your PC.
2. When prompted to Press any key to boot from CD or DVD, press any key to continue.
3. Select your language preferences, and click Next. Click Repair your computer in the bottom-left.
4. On choose an option screen, click Troubleshoot.
5. On Troubleshoot screen, click the Advanced option.
6. On the Advanced options screen, click on Command Prompt.
7. Run the command: chkdsk [f]: /f /r.
Note: The [f] designates the disk which needs to be scanned.
Recommended:
I hope this article was helpful and you can now easily Check Disk for Errors Using chkdsk, but if you still have any questions regarding this tutorial then feel free to ask them in the comment’s section.
